Ake sifunde kahle ukuthi kuyini ukuphuma kwegazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungaphakathi noma ngaphandle.

Wake waphawula ukuthi ngisho nesilonda esincane asivimbi ukopha? Noma wake wazizwa sengathi uzopha igazi endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho, noma wake wabhekana nezimpawu ezifanayo? Empeleni, lokhu kupha igazi, okungukuthi, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Ukopha kwegazi)`, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba kubi kakhulu kunalokho ocabanga. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngesiSinhala ongakuqonda.

Kuyini ukopha noma "ukuphuma kwegazi"?

Kalula nje, umthambo wegazi (umthambo wegazi) emzimbeni wethu uyalimala futhi igazi liyaphuma kuwo, okuyilokho esikubiza ngokuthi `(Ukuphuma kwegazi)`. Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kungavela nangaphakathi emzimbeni, lapho sikubiza ngokuthi ``ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphakathi``. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma igazi libonakala ngaphandle, kungaba enxebeni noma embotsheni emzimbeni, ``ukuphuma kwegazi kwangaphandle``. Lokhu kuphuma kwegazi kungaba kuncane noma kungaba kukhulu ngokwanele ukuthi kuthinte impilo.

Esikhathini esiningi, sibheka lezi zimo ezibizwa ngokuthi "i-"Hemorrhage"" njengezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo .

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokopha?

Njengoba kunemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu yonke, lokhu `(Ukopha)` kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Igazi esifubeni (`Hemothorax`): Cabanga ukuthi isikhala esiphakathi kwamaphaphu akho kanye ne-rib cage (`pleural space`) esifubeni sakho sigcwele igazi. Kwenzekani-ke? Amaphaphu akho ayacindezelwa , okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula, futhi ungase uzwe ubuhlungu esifubeni. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi `(Hemothorax)`.
• Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho (noma ukopha ebuchosheni): Lesi yisimo esiyingozi kancane. Sibangelwa ukopha okungalawuleki ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho noma phakathi kwezingqimba ezithambile ezizungezile. Uma ukopha kwenzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho, kubizwa ngokuthi isifo sohlangothi oluphuma igazi. Lolu hlobo lohlangothi lubi kakhulu futhi lungasongela impilo ngokushesha. Olunye uhlobo lohlangothi, isifo sohlangothi oluphuma igazi, yilapho ukuphakelwa kwegazi ebuchosheni kuvinjiwe, kodwa lokhu kuhlukile. Ukopha kwenzeka lapha.
• Ukopha ngemva kokubeletha (PPH): Lena inkinga ebaluleke kakhulu komama. Ukopha ngemva kokubeletha, noma i-PPH ngamafuphi, ukopha ngokweqile okuvela esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngemva kokubeletha. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esingasongela ukuphila. Lesi simo singavela emahoreni ambalwa ngemva kokubeletha noma kuze kube amasonto ayi-12 ngemva kokubeletha.
• Ukopha kwegazi okungaphansi kwe-Subarachnoid (SAH): Ukopha igazi phakathi kwama-meninges obuchopho kanye nolwelwesi oluvikelayo oluzungezile kubizwa ngokuthi i-subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Lokhu futhi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.
• Amabala egazi kokumhlophe kweso (`Ukuvuza kwegazi ngaphansi kwe-subconjunctival`):Cishe uke wabona abanye abantu benophawu lwegazi olubomvu endaweni emhlophe yamehlo abo. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuvuza kwegazi ngaphansi kwe-subconjunctival." Yilapho igazi liqoqana khona olwelwesini oluncane oluzungeze iso olubizwa ngokuthi "i-conjunctiva." Lokhu ngokuvamile akubi kangako njengezinye izinhlobo zokuphuma kwegazi.

Imivimbo , okuyikuqongelela kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba esibhekana nakho sonke, empeleni iyisibonelo esincane "sokopha." Elinye igama elihlobene nalo lithi "hematoma." Libhekisela ekuqongeleleni kwegazi ngaphakathi kwezicubu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokopha?

Imizwa onayo lapho uphuma igazi ingahluka, kuye ngokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kukuphi nokuthi kubi kangakanani.

Ngokusho kodokotela, azikho izimpawu ezinkulu ezivame ukuvela kuze kube yilapho cishe u-15% wegazi lomzimba wonke selilahlekile (i-Class I hemorrhage).

Kodwa-ke, uma umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa yi-15% kuya ku-30% yenani legazi lawo (i-Class II hemorrhage) , khona-ke lezi zimpawu ziqala ukuvela:

• Isiyezi noma ikhanda elibuthakathaka (lokhu kubangelwa umfutho wegazi ophansi).
• Ukukhathala kanye nokuzola.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) kanye nesivinini sokuphefumula esikhuphukayo.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo (i-tachycardia).

Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enalezi zimpawu, kufanele ushayele ucingo ku-1990 ngokushesha noma uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela esiseduze.

Uma ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kuka-30% wenani lakho lonke legazi, lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• Ukudideka.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Ukushaqeka kwe-Hypovolemic (ukushaqeka okubangelwa ukwehla okukhulu komfutho wegazi).

Izimpawu ezithile zokopha kwangaphakathi

Ukopha kwangaphakathi ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba kungabangela izimpawu ezithile:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo, elinzima , ukushintsha kombono, ukudideka, kanye nomuzwa wokuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba.
• Isifuba: Ubunzima bokuphefumula , ubuhlungu besifuba, kanye nokukhwehlela igazi.
• Isisu (isisu): Ukuqunjelwa noma ukuzizwa ugcwele esiswini, ukukhukhumala kwesisu, ukuhlanza igazi, igazi emchameni noma esitulweni.
• Amathambo, amalunga, nemisipha: Ukudumba, ukuvuvukala, nobuhlungu. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuqongelela kwegazi endaweni evalekile (isib., phakathi kwemisipha yengalo noma yomlenze) kanye nokucindezela okwenyuka kwezicubu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo ezinzwa nasemithanjeni yegazi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni umsebenzi unomphela kuleyo ndawo.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi uqinisekile ukuthi uphuma igazi?

Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ngathi ukuqonda ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani ukopha. Isibonelo, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni. Esikhathini esiningi, kujwayelekile futhi akuyona into enkulu. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela emthanjeni omkhulu wegazi noma emthanjeni wegazi, kungaba nzima futhi kube nzima ukukuyeka. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuphuma kwegazi esithweni sangasese sowesifazane ngemva kokubeletha nakho kuvamile. Kuvamile futhi kulindeleke. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulu kakhulu, kungaba yisimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi ukuphuma kwegazi ngemva kokubeletha.

Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukunaka umzimba wakho kanye nezimpawu zakho. Futhi, uma ukhathazekile ngenani lokopha, qiniseka ukuthi ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Qaphela izimpawu zokopha kakhulu (njengesiyezi, ukukhathala, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya). Uma ukhathazekile ngisho nakancane ngokopha, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha.

Kungani kukhona ukopha okunje? Yiziphi izizathu?

Lolu hlobo lokopha lwenzeka lapho imithambo yegazi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yonakele. Ubukhulu bokopha buvame ukuncika ekutheni ukuphi emzimbeni nokuthi umthambo wegazi owonakele mkhulu kangakanani.

Kunezimbangela nezimo eziningi ezingabangela noma zandise ingozi yokopha. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala: Lokhu kuyisici esiyingozi esikhulu, ikakhulukazi ukopha okungaphansi kwe-subarachnoid.
• Izinkinga zokujiya kwegazi: Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-antiphospholipid syndrome.
• Izinkinga zegazi: Izifo ezizalwa nazo njenge-hemophilia kanye nesifo se-Von Willebrand.
• Umdlavuza.
• Imithi ethile: Izibonelo zifaka phakathi imithi yokunciphisa igazi efana ne-warfarin (Coumadin®), i-aspirin (kufaka phakathi i-aspirin encane), i-clopidogrel (Plavix®), kanye ne-apixaban (Eliquis®).
• Ezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi: izimo ezifana ne-telangiectasia yofuzo kanye ne-aneurysms (okuyimithambo yegazi ebuthaka evuvukala njengamabhaluni).
• Izinkinga zokwelashwa: Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngemva kwezinto ezifana nokuhlinzwa.
• Ukulimala kwesitho sangaphakathi: Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi yobuhlungu njenge-ibuprofen (Advil®) kungabangela ukuthi kukhule isilonda emathunjini futhi kuphume igazi.
• Ukulimala: Ukusikeka, ukwaphuka okukhulu, ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu.
• Ukulimala: Izinto ezifana namanxeba okudutshulwa, ukugwazwa, njll.
• Imfiva yokopha ebangelwa yigciwane: Lezi yizifo ezibangelwa yiqembu lamagciwane. La magciwane angalimaza imithambo yegazi futhi abangele ukopha okukhulu. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Ebola, umkhuhlane we-dengue, i-Marburg, kanye nomkhuhlane ophuzi.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani `(Ukopha)`?

Odokotela bazoxilonga ukopha kwegazi ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho (isib. isiyezi) kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba (isib. ukwanda kwenhliziyo, ukwehla komfutho wegazi). Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ukuthi ukuphuma kwegazi kuvela kuphi nokuthi yini ebangela lokho. Ukopha kwangaphandle kuvame ukuba sobala. Kodwa-ke, ukopha kwangaphakathi kungaba nzima kakhulu.

Udokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, abuze ngezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha, futhi angase acele ukuhlolwa kwezithombe (njengokuskena) kanye nokuhlolwa kwelebhu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ukopha?

Ukwelashwa kokuphuma kwegazi kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Igazi liyaphi nokuthi lingaphakathi noma ngaphandle komzimba.
• Ubunzima balo.
• Imbangela yokuqala yokopha kwegazi.
• Ingabe unezinye izifo noma ukulimala?

Uma imbangela ingaziwa futhi/noma ukopha kukhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizothola imbangela futhi liyiphathe ngendlela efanele. Ungadinga izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlinzwa.
• Imijovo ye-Vitamin K: (Ikakhulukazi uma uthatha imithi efana ne-warfarin, ukusiza ekumiseni ukopha).
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (`uketshezi lwe-IV`).
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi.

Usizo lokuqala kumuntu ophuma igazi

Unganikeza nosizo lokuqala kumuntu ophuma igazi kakhulu – kungaba nguwe noma omunye umuntu. Landela lezi zinyathelo:

1. Shayela ngokushesha ku-1990 noma inombolo yakho yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo.

2. Lalisa umuntu olimele phansi. Uma kukhona inxeba engalweni noma emlenzeni wakhe, phakamisa ingxenye elimele ibe ngaphezu kwezinga lenhliziyo uma kungenzeka.

3. Uma unezinsiza zokwelapha, mboza inxeba nge-gauze ehlanzekile noma indwangu ehlanzekile.

4. Cela umuntu olimele ukuba abambe inxeba ngezandla zakhe. Uma engakwazi ukukwenza, kufanele ukwenze.

5. Uma into ethile (isib. ingilazi, ukhuni) inamathele enxebeni, ungayikhiphi. Bopha ibhandishi elizungezile.

6. Uma usebenzisa i-tourniquet (ibhande eliboshwe ngokuqinile phezu kwesilonda ukuze kumiswe ukopha), yenza lokho kuphela uma wazi ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani kahle, futhi kuphela njengesixazululo sokugcina ezimweni zokopha okukhulu.(Lena indlela yokuvimba ukopha ngokusebenzisa into efana nokhuni noma indwangu ukuze uyicindezele phezu kwesilonda. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngumuntu owaziyo kahle ukuthi enzeni, ngoba kungabangela umonakalo uma kwenziwa ngendlela engalungile.)

Iyini inhloso yokululama komuntu oye wopha igazi?

Uma unesifo sokopha, ukubikezela kwakho (umbono) kuncike ezintweni eziningana:

• Hlobo luni lwe-`(Ukopha)`?
• Ubunzima balo.
• Indlela othole ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngayo.
• Ubudala bakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sokululama okungcono. Uma usuthole ukwelashwa, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokunikeza umbono omuhle walokho ongakulindela esikhathini esizayo.

Izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa `(Ukopha)`

Izinkinga zokopha zibangelwa kakhulu ukwehla kwenani legazi elifinyelela ezithweni zakho zomzimba. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izicubu namaseli afe ekugcineni, okuholela ezinkingeni ezifana nalezi:

• Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.
• Ukuquleka.
• I-Coma.
• Ukufa.

Ukopha kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa okungavinjelwa, ikakhulukazi kulabo abalimele kakhulu ngenxa yokulimala.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezithile zokopha zingaba nezinkinga ezithile. Isibonelo, ukopha ebuchosheni kungabangela ukulimala kobuchopho okungapheli kanye nezinkinga zezinzwa. Ukopha ngemva kokubeletha kungabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Sheehan syndrome, okuyilapho indlala yakho ye-pituitary yonakaliswa ukopha ngokweqile.

Ezinye izinkinga ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukopha kabusha kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nokulaliswa esibhedlela (isb., i-deep venous thrombosis, kanye nokutheleleka).

Imizimba yethu idinga igazi ukuze lihlale emithanjeni yethu yegazi. Uma livuza, ikakhulukazi uma liningi, lingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu. Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphuma kwegazi, ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma wena noma othandekayo wakho niphuma igazi ngokungalawuleki, noma uma usola ukuthi niphuma igazi ngaphakathi, ungalibali ukuya esibhedlela.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngicabanga ukuthi usuyaqonda kahle lokho ebesikhuluma ngakho, ``(Ukopha)'', okusho ukopha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ukopha ngendlela engavamile, ungakushayi indiva nje, ucabange ukuthi, "O, kuyinto encane nje," bese ucela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.Futhi, uma unezimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uphuma igazi endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho (isib. ikhanda elibuhlungu elizumayo, ukuhlanza igazi, indle emnyama), lokho kuyiqiniso futhi, futhi kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Khumbula, uma sithola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi, singavimbela izimo eziningi ezibucayi. Ngakho-ke, hlala unake umzimba wakho. Uma unezinkinga noma ukungabaza, ungesabi noma ungabaze ukubona udokotela futhi uthole iseluleko. Hlala uphilile!

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