Wake wezwa 'ngamahlule egazi'? Ngezinye izikhathi, igazi lingakha amahlule angafuneki ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi yomzimba wethu. Lokhu empeleni kungaholela ezimweni eziyingozi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nohlangothi. Namuhla, sikhuluma ngomuthi obaluleke kakhulu odokotela abawusebenzisayo ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi kangaka. Lowo yiHeparin.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Heparin?
I-Heparin umuthi ovimbela ukujiya kwegazi. Ngolimi lwethu, 'iyisithako segazi', okusho ukuthi inciphisa ikhono legazi lokujiya futhi yenza igazi libe 'lincane' kancane.
Lokhu kunemisebenzi emibili eyinhloko:
1. Kuvimba ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi amasha.
2. Kuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi osekuvele kwakhekile ukuthi kukhule.
Kodwa into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule: I-Heparin ingasiza ekuncibilikiseni ihlule legazi, kodwa ayikwazi ukuliqeda ngokuphelele futhi incibilikise ihlule legazi eselivele lakhekile.
Amathumbu ethu awakwazi ukumunca i-heparin. Ngakho-ke, lo muthi awukwazi ukuthathwa njengephilisi. Kunalokho, unikezwa umzimba ngezindlela ezimbili: kungaba ngesisombululo se-saline esifakwa emthanjeni (IV), noma njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
I-heparin isebenza kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo esincane. Cabanga ukuthi inqubo yokujiya kwegazi emzimbeni wethu ifana nomugqa wokuhlanganisa lapho kwakhiwa khona izimoto. Umsebenzi wezisebenzi ezahlukene kulo mugqa wokuhlanganisa ogcina wakhe i-blood clot.
Lokho okwenziwa yiHeparin ukumisa umsebenzi wabasebenzi ababili ababaluleke kakhulu kule ndawo yokusebenza.
- I-Thrombin: Lena yiyona eyinhloko enqubweni yokujiya kwegazi. I-Heparin ivimbela le Thrombin.
- I-Factor Xa: Lesi esinye isici esibalulekile esisiza ukujiya kwegazi. I-Heparin iyalivimba ukuthi lisebenze.
Kalula nje, lokho okwenziwa yi-heparin ukuthi ibeka eceleni izikhali zabasebenzi ababili ababaluleke kakhulu enqubweni yokujiya kwegazi futhi ibavimbele ekwenzeni umsebenzi wabo. Ngemuva kwalokho amahlule egazi ayayeka ukwakheka.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Heparin?
Odokotela basebenzisa i-heparin ukwelapha noma ukuvimbela amahlule egazi angalimaza umzimba. Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ezinye zalezi zimo.
| Isimo/Isenzakalo | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukugoba kwegazi emithanjeni (i-venous thromboembolism - VTE) | Kuvela ihlule legazi ngaphakathi komthambo emzimbeni. |
| I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Ihlule legazi, ngokuvamile emthanjeni ojulile emlenzeni noma engalweni. |
| I-Pulmonary embolism (PE) | Ihlule legazi emthanjeni liyaqhekeka bese liya emaphashini, lapho lihlala khona. |
| Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi | Izimo ezibangelwa ukuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi enhliziyweni noma ebuchosheni. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-Atrial fibrillation - Afib) | Lolu shintsho lwesigqi lwandisa ingozi yokwakheka kwamahlule egazi enhliziyweni. |
| Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma izingozi | Ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma uma ulele embhedeni isikhathi eside ngenxa yengozi. |
| Ukuhlanza izinso (i-Dialysis) | Ukuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi emshinini wokuhlanza igazi. |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Heparin ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho kusolwa ukuthi kunengozi engaba khona embungwini, njengoba lo muthi ungaweli i-placenta uye enganeni.
Kwenzekani uma unikezwa i-Heparin?
Uma udokotela enquma ukukunika i-heparin ngemithambo yegazi (IV), into yokuqala abazoyenza ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese beyihlola. Lowo mbiko wokuhlolwa uzonquma inani eliqondile le-heparin okudingeka uyinikezwe.
Ngokuvamile i-aPTT (isikhathi se-thromboplastin esingasebenzi)Lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kokujiya kwegazi. Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi igazi lakho lijiye. Ngisho nangemva kokuba usuqale ukuthatha i-heparin, lokhu kuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle nokulungisa umthamo uma kudingeka.
Kufanele ngithathe i-Heparin isikhathi esingakanani?
Kuya ngokuthi kungani unikezwa i-Heparin. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuhlinzwa, inganikezwa cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa noma kuze kube yilapho usukwazi ukuvuka uhambe.
I-Heparin ivame ukunikezwa esibhedlela. Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlela, udokotela wakho uzokushintsha usebenzise iphilisi ongayiphuza ekhaya.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-Heparin?
- Isebenza ngokushesha: Iqala ukusebenza ngokushesha uma inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi.
- Ukuphela ngokushesha: Imiphumela yomuthi iyaphela ngokushesha uma uyeka ukuwusebenzisa.
- Ukuguqulwa komphumela: Uma kwenzeka okuthile okufana nokopha, umphumela ungaguqulwa ngokunikeza umuthi wokulwa ne -Protamine .
- Okuhlangenwe nakho: Ukuba umuthi owaziwayo nowethembekile osekusetshenziswe odokotela amashumi eminyaka.
Masiqaphele nemiphumela emibi kanye nezingozi.
Ingozi enkulu yokusebenzisa i-heparin ukopha ngokweqile . Ngisho noma unengozi encane, ungopha kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu lapho usebenzisa i-heparin. Uma usesibhedlela, cela usizo ngaphambi kokuvuka embhedeni. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuwa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Kufanele utshele udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi, amavithamini, noma imithi ye-Ayurvedic oyithathayo. Eminye imithi ingasebenzisana ne-Heparin futhi yandise noma yehlise imiphumela yayo. Ungalokothi uqale umuthi omusha ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela wakho kuqala.
Imiphumela emibi evame ukubonwa:
- Ubuhlungu noma ukuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho kujovwe khona.
- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele (okwesikhashana).
- Inani eliphansi lamaplatelet egazini (i-Thrombocytopenia).
Uma unalezi zimpawu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha!
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, ungazinaki. Yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukuphefumula okusheshayo.
- Ukopha okungenakuvinjelwa (isib. kusuka ekhaleni, ezinsinini).
- Amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nemivimbo emzimbeni.
- Ubuthakathaka obungazelelwe noma ukuba ndikindiki kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba.
- Ukukhubeka nokudideka ngenkathi uhamba.
- Ushintsho oluzumayo embonweni noma ekuzweni.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba noma umuzwa wokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
- Ukuhlanza njengekhofi.
- Umnyama, indle ephuzile noma igazi esitulweni.
- Umchamo onsundu noma obomvu.
I-Heparin umuthi obaluleke kakhulu ongasiza ekusindiseni izimpilo. Odokotela banquma ukukunika wona ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela izinzuzo nezingozi. Ngakho-ke uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Heparin uhlobo lomuthi 'onciphisa igazi' ovimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi ayingozi emzimbeni.
- Lokhu kunikezwa njengomjovo ngemithambo yegazi (IV) noma ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Akunakuthathwa njengephilisi.
- Umthamo okufanele uwunikwe unqunywa ngokucophelela ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
- Ingozi enkulu yokusebenzisa lo muthi ukopha ngokweqile, ngakho-ke qaphela ukuthi uzivikele ekulimaleni.
- Uma ubona noma yikuphi ukuphuma kwegazi okungajwayelekile, ukuklwebheka, noma ezinye izimpawu ezisolisayo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke eminye imithi oyithathayo.
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