Ake sifunde kahle nge-High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)!

Wake wazizwa uphelelwa umoya, umuzwa nje wokuqina esifubeni sakho, uma uya endaweni ephakeme njengeNuwara Eliya, noma uma ukhuphuka intaba enkulu? Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ucabanga ukuthi lezi zinto zivamile, zingaba yisimo esibi kakhulu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngesimo esiyingozi kangaka, kodwa esingavinjelwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema' noma i-HAPE ngamafuphi.

Kuyini i-HAPE (i-High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema)? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-HAPE yilapho uya ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi amaphaphu akho agcwala uketshezi. Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwesifo sokuphakama, olwaziwa nangokuthi isifo sezintaba. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuphefumula, futhi amaphaphu ngezinye izikhathi angopha igazi njengoba uketshezi luqoqana kuwo. Lokhu kuphuca ezinye izicubu zomzimba nezitho zawo umoya-mpilo.

I-HAPE yenzeka lapho usuka endaweni ephansi uye endaweni ephakeme ngokuzumayo futhi umzimba wakho ungenaso isikhathi esanele sokujwayela amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo. Ngokuvamile iqala ebusuku, zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine uthuthele endaweni ephakeme.

I-HAPE ivame ukwenzeka ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamafidi angu-2,500 (amamitha angu-2,500) noma ngaphezulu. Akudingeki ukhuphuke intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni ukuze ufinyelele kule ndawo ephakeme. Amanye amazwe anezindawo zokushushuluza eqhweni kule ndawo ephakeme. Amadolobha amaningana anabantu abaningi emhlabeni atholakala kule ndawo ephakeme.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-HAPE iyisimo esingasongela impilo. Uma unezimpawu ze-HAPE, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi ufinyelele endaweni ephakeme ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-HAPE:

Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-HAPE ezikhona. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ikakhulukazi:

1. I-HAPE Yakudala: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lesi simo singavela uma umuntu ovame ukuhlala endaweni ephansi ngokuzumayo ephakama ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,200, okungukuthi, uma ekhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu ngaphandle kokunikeza imizimba yakhe isikhathi sokujwayela. Cabanga nje, uzama ukukhuphuka intaba ephakeme kakhulu kuneNuwara Eliya waseColombo ngosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili.

2. Ukungena kabusha e-HAPE: Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umuntu ohlala ezindaweni eziphakeme eya endaweni ephakeme isikhashana bese ebuyela endaweni yakhe evamile ngaphandle kokujwayela kabusha. Njengomuntu okhuphuka esuka endaweni ephakeme, angathuthukisa ne-HAPE.

Ivame kangakanani i-HAPE?

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-6% abakhuphukela endaweni ephakeme ngamafidi angu-14,800 (amamitha angu-4,500) phakathi nosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili bahlangabezana nakhoI-HAPE iyenzeka. Uma uke waba ne-HAPE ngaphambili, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uphinde ube nayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ukhuphuka ngesivinini esifanayo (amamitha angu-4,500 ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2), cishe abantu abangu-60% abake baba ne-HAPE ngaphambili bazophinde babe nayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-HAPE?

Manje ake sibheke izimpawu ze-HAPE. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi lezi.

• Ukukhwehlela: Kungase kuqale njengokukhwehlela okomile, bese kuqhubekela ekubeni ukukhwehlela okune-phlegm epinki nenamagwebu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya): Ekuqaleni, ungase uzizwe ukhathele futhi uphelelwa umoya kuphela uma wenza umsebenzi olula noma uhamba. Kamuva, kuba nzima ukuphefumula ngisho noma umi nje.
• I-Tachycardia: Isilinganiso senhliziyo siyanda.
• Isilinganiso sokuphefumula esikhulayo (i-tachypnea): Uqala ukuphefumula ngokushesha.
• Umkhuhlane ophansi.
• Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis): Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzimba awutholi umoya-mpilo owanele.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu, ungase ube nezimpawu zolunye uhlobo lokugula kokuphakama, okubizwa ngokuthi i-high-altitude cerebral edema, okuyisimo lapho ubuchopho bugcwala khona ngamanzi.

Yini ebangela i-HAPE?

Njengoba sikhuphuka endaweni ephakeme, umfutho womoya kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo emoyeni ayancipha kunalawo asezingeni lolwandle. Umzimba wakho ungajwayela kancane kancane la mazinga omoya-mpilo aphansi, kodwa kuthatha isikhathi. Uma ngokuzumayo ukhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu, igazi lakho, ngakho-ke izicubu nezitho zakho zomzimba, ngeke zithole umoya-mpilo owanele. Lokhu kungakwenza ugule futhi kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.

Uma ingxenye yamaphaphu akho ingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele, imithambo yegazi emaphashini akho iyancipha. Lokhu kwenziwa ngomzamo wokusunduza igazi liye kwezinye izingxenye zamaphaphu akho ezisebenza kahle. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ingcindezi emithanjeni yegazi ikhuphuke, okubangela ukuthi uketshezi luphume. Lolu ketshezi luyanqwabelana emaphashini akho, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula. Ekugcineni, igazi lingavuza emaphashini akho, futhi ungase ukhwehlele ulwelwesi olunegazi .

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-HAPE?

Khumbula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphilile kangakanani ngokomzimba, akukuvikeli ku-HAPE. Isici esikhulu sengozi ukukhula ngokushesha kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unempilo futhi unamandla kangakanani. Lesi simo sibonakala kakhulu kwabesilisa.

Ezinye izinto eziyingozi yilezi:

• Njengoba sengithuthukise i-HAPE ngaphambilini.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu okhona emaphashini, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-pulmonary hypertension.
• Kunezinguquko ezithile esakhiweni senhliziyo, isibonelo, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi.
• Isimo sezulu esibandayo.
• Ukuba nezifo zokuphefumula.

Uthola kanjani ukuthi une-HAPE?

Udokotela uzonquma ukuthi une-HAPE yini ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho. Bazohlola ukuphefumula kwakho, umfutho wegazi, izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uma uyiswa esikhungweni sezokwelapha, i-X-ray yesifuba ingenziwa ukuhlola uketshezi emaphashini akho. Ezinye izivivinyo kanye nokuskena kungenziwa futhi ukuze kunqunywe ezinye izimo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-HAPE?

Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwe-HAPE umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Futhi, udinga ukufika endaweni ephakeme ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kusho ukwehlela phansi okungenani ngamafidi angu-300 (amamitha angu-300), futhi okungcono ngamafidi angu-1,000 (amamitha angu-1,000). Ungadinga usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ukuze wehlise umoya. Hlala ufudumele futhi uphuze amanzi amaningi.

Ngemva kokwehla, noma ngenkathi ulinde ukwehla, udokotela angakunikeza ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kwe-hyperbaric. Lokhu kungenziwa ekamelweni eliphathwayo le-hyperbaric, njenge-Gamow Bag®. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela basebenzisa izidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-nifedipine noma i-phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (njenge-sildenafil noma i-tadalafil). Kodwa-ke, le mithi ivame ukusetshenziswa kaningi uma ukwazi ukwehla futhi unikeze umoya-mpilo.

Kwenzekani uma i-HAPE ikhula?

Uma ungelashwa ngokushesha, i-HAPE ingaba yingozi. Kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha, futhi ulindele ukuthi uyiswe endaweni ephakeme ukuze uthole ukwelashwa. Uma usululame, udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi kuphephile yini ukuqhubeka nohambo lwakho. Ngokuvamile, akukhuthazwa ukuthi uphinde ukhuphuke ngokushesha, ngenxa yesilinganiso esiphezulu sokuphindeka kwalesi sifo.

Kungathatha cishe amasonto amabili ukuthi izimpawu ze-HAPE ziphele ngokuphelele.

Uma ingelashwa, abantu abangu-50% abathola i-HAPE bazofa, ngakho-ke ungakuthathi kalula lokhu.

Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Kufanele uthole iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu zokuqala zokugulela phezulu. Tshela othile ohamba nawe ngezimpawu zakho, njengoba ungase ungakwazi ukuzitshela kamuva. Uma unezimpawu ze-HAPE, funa usizo ngokushesha.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?
• Ngingafinyelela kanjani ezindaweni eziphakeme ngokuphephile esikhathini esizayo?
• Ngingaqhubeka nohambo lwami?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngikubone nini futhi?

Ingabe i-HAPE ingavinjelwa? Yebo, nansi indlela!

Ukukhuphuka kancane kancane kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela isifo sokuphakama, okuhlanganisa ne-HAPE. Uma uqala ukuzwa izimpawu zokuphakama, yeka ukukhuphuka kakhulu bese ujwayela ukuphakama, noma wehle uze uzizwe ungcono. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Nazi ezinye izeluleko zokunciphisa ingozi ye-HAPE lapho uhamba ezindaweni eziphakeme:

• Hlela uhambo lwakho ngokucophelela bese ulandela iziqondiso zokuthi ufuna ukukhuphuka ubude obungakanani ngosuku.
• Uma kufanele uye ezindaweni eziphakeme ngokuzumayo endizeni, cabanga nangalokho. Ngisho noma ungahambi ngezinyawo, udinga ukujwayela umzimba wakho endaweni ephakeme.
• Hlela izinsuku zokuphumula ukuze usize umzimba wakho uzivumelanise nezimo. Kunconywa ukuthi uthathe ikhefu losuku noma ezimbili njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu.
• Uma unezinkinga zempilo ezingase zithinteke ngenxa yokuphakama, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
• Uma usengozini yokuthola i-HAPE, buza udokotela wakho mayelana nokuthatha imithi yokuvimbela noma yokuvimbela. Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela banikeza imithi efanayo yokwelapha i-HAPE kanye nokuyivimbela.

Uma siqala ukufeza into enkulu, kungokwemvelo ukushesha ukufinyelela umgomo ngokushesha. Kodwa uma usezindaweni eziphakeme, ukushesha kungaba yingozi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzama ukukhuphuka isiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni noma uhamba nje ngempelasonto, zinike isikhathi esanele sokujwayela izindawo eziphakeme futhi ulandele iziqondiso zokunyuka okuphephile.

Ungalokothi uhambe wedwa. Khuluma njalo nabantu ohamba nabo ubone ukuthi bazizwa kanjani. Qaphela ukuthi ungalufuna kanjani usizo lwezokwelapha uma uzizwa ungaphilile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphilile kangakanani ngokomzimba, awazi ukuthi ungaludinga nini usizo olwengeziwe.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngakho ake sikukhumbuze futhi ngamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-HAPE yisimo esiyingozi lapho amaphaphu egcwala khona amanzi ezindaweni eziphakeme.
• Ukukhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu kuyisici esiyinhloko esiyingozi.
• Yiba nokungabaza uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okwandayo, kanye nesikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukwehla bese uthatha umoya-mpilo ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.
• Into engcono kakhulu okufanele uyigweme ukukhuphuka kancane, unikeze umzimba wakho isikhathi sokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
• Kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela ngaphambi kokuhamba, ikakhulukazi uma unezinye izinkinga zempilo noma uke waba ne-HAPE ngaphambilini.

Khumbula, ukuya ezindaweni eziphakeme kungaba yinto emangalisayo. Kodwa ukuze ukwenze ngokuphepha, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lezi zinto. Ukuphepha kwakho kusezandleni zakho!

'I-HAPE, ukugula kwezintaba, isifo samaphaphu, ukugula kokuphakama, ubunzima bokuphefumula, umoya-mpilo, ukukhuphuka izintaba