Uke wayitshela ingane yakho nge-High-Grade Glioma? Ake sixoxe ngayo.

Kunzima ukuchaza ngamazwi ukuthi kunjani njengomzali ukuzwa ukuthi ingane yakho inomdlavuza wobuchopho. Kunemibuzo eminingi efika engqondweni ngesikhathi esinjengalesi. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma nge-High-Grade Glioma, uhlobo olubi kakhulu nolusakazeka ngokushesha lwesimila sobuchopho. Sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokunikeza ukuqonda namandla phakathi nalolu hambo olunzima.

Kuyini i-Glioma Yezinga Eliphezulu? Masiyiqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu uhlobo lomdlavuza olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu ebuchosheni bengane yakho noma emgogodleni. Igama elithi "Glioma" lisho isimila. Lawa mathumba akheka lapho uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi "amaseli e-glial" luqala ukuhlukana futhi lukhule ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Lawa maseli e-glial awuhlobo lweseli olusekela futhi londle ama-neurons, noma imizwa, ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi.

"Izinga eliphezulu" lisho ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-glioma lukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi lunolaka . Eqinisweni, ama-glioma aphezulu angase angelapheki ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunzima kakhulu ukwelapha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la maseli omdlavuza asakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni. Akhula futhi ngokuhlasela nokuhlangana namangqamuzana anempilo. Cabanga ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukususa umdlavuza ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu ezinempilo lapho amangqamuzana anempilo namangqamuzana omdlavuza ehlangene. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuwasusa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa.

Iyini "ibanga" lama-glioma asezingeni eliphezulu?

I-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlukanisa ama-glioma ngokwezinga lokukhula kwawo kanye nobunzima bawo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili: "ezisezingeni eliphansi" (ezingenzima kangako, ibanga 1 nelesi-2) kanye "nezinga eliphezulu" (ezinzima kakhulu, ibanga 3 nelesi-4). Ama-glioma aphezulu yizimila ezikhula ngokushesha ezingaba yibanga 3 noma 4.

Amanye ama-glioma kubantu abadala angase aqale esezingeni eliphansi bese kamuva eba sezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokumangazayo, ama-glioma aphezulu ezinganeni avame ukuqala esezingeni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ama-glioma aphansi ezinganeni ayelapheka kakhulu futhi akuvamile ukuba abe sezingeni eliphezulu.

Kukuphi ebuchosheni lapho ama-glioma aphezulu avame ukwenzeka khona?

Ama-glioma ebanga eliphezulu avame ukuvela "engxenyeni engaphezulu" yobuchopho, noma i-brainstem.

• I-Supratentorial compartment: Lena yindawo yobuchopho equkethe i-cerebrum, i-thalamus, kanye ne-hypothalamus. Lawa mathumba angavela kumaseli e-glial atholakala lapha.
• I-Brainstem:La ma-glioma ebanga eliphezulu angakhula nasengxenyeni yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-"pons". Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-"Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Gliomas" (DIPG). Lolu hlobo lwe-DIPG lunolaka kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuluphatha.

Indawo lapho kukhona khona isimila ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kuzonquma izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo enganeni yakho. Isibonelo, izimila ezisebuchosheni ngokuvamile azikwazi ukususwa ngokuphepha ngokuhlinzwa.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yilesi simo?

I-glioma yezinga eliphezulu ingavela ezinsaneni, ezinganeni ezindala, kubantu abadala, ngisho nakubantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane ihlukile kune-glioma yezinga eliphezulu entsheni nakubantu abadala. Ngenxa yalokhu kungafani, ukwelashwa kwezinsana nezingane ezincane kungase kuhluke.

Ivame kangakanani i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu?

Ama-glioma ebanga eliphezulu awuhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu lwesimila sobuchopho esiyingozi ezinganeni. Ahlanganisa phakathi kuka-10% no-20% wazo zonke izimila ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi ezinganeni.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-glioma yezinga eliphezulu?

Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngengane. Ziya ngokuthi isimila sithinte yiphi ingxenye yobuchopho (noma umgogodla), ubudala bengane, nokuthi isimila sikhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Lezi zimpawu zibangelwa kakhulu yilesi simila esibeka ingcindezi ebuchosheni futhi sibangele ukuvuvukala.

Uphawu oluvame kakhulu ikhanda elibuhlungu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma ikhanda elibuhlungu lihambisana nesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza. Leli khanda elibuhlungu libuhlungu kakhulu ekuseni. Ngezinye izikhathi, lingaba likhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi likuvuse ebusuku. Cabanga ngengane encane ebhekene nesikhathi esinzima kangaka.

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zibonakale zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokubona, ukuzwa, noma ukukhuluma (ukubona okufiphele, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, ukukhuluma okungaqondakali).
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha (i-ataxia), njengobunzima bokuhamba noma ukubamba izinto.
• Ukudideka noma ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ukozela njalo, ukuzizwa ukhathele.
• Ukuquleka (njengokuquleka) .

Izinsana ezincane kakhulu (izinsana) zingase zibone ukukhala okungavamile, ukucasuka, izinguquko ezindleleni zokudla (njengokungaphuzi ubisi). Ngezinye izikhathi zingase zibone amakhanda azo ekhula kancane, futhi izindawo ezithambile (ama-fontanelles) noma "amaxhaphozi" phezulu kwamakhanda azo zingase zibonakale kakhulu.

Kungani la ma-glioma ebanga eliphezulu ekhula? Ziyini izimbangela?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, abacwaningi abakasazi isizathu esiqondile salokhu.Kwabantu abadala, ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngaphambilini kutholakale ukuthi kuyimbangela eyingozi yokukhula kwalezi zimila. Kungenzeka ukuthi izingane zingase zithinteke yizici ezifanayo eziyingozi zangaphandle noma zemvelo, kodwa kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zofuzo ezingavamile kakhulu ezizuzwe njengefa zingandisa ingozi ye-glioma esezingeni eliphezulu ezinganeni. Isimo sofuzo siwukukhubazeka noma ukungajwayelekile kwezakhi zofuzo, okuyi-"code" etshela amaseli ukuthi asebenze kanjani .

Nazi ezinye zezimo ezinjalo:

• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1 (`Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1 - NF1`)
• I-Turcot syndrome
• I-Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingane eziningi ezine-glioma yezinga eliphezulu azinawo umlando womndeni walesi simo.

Itholakala kanjani i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu?

Udokotela wengane yakho uzoqala ngokubheka ngokucophelela izimpawu zengane yakho kanye nomlando wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungenziwa ukuhlolwa kobuchopho, noma 'ukuthwebula izithombe', ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini isimila nokuthi sibangela izimpawu. Uma kukhona isimila, kuzokwenziwa 'i-biopsy' ukuze kutholakale ukuthi sinomdlavuza (oyingozi) noma esingenabungozi (esingenabungozi).

• Ukuthwebula Izithombe: Ukuthwebula izithombe nge-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kanye ne-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) kungasiza odokotela ukuthi babone izimila ebuchosheni bengane yakho noma emgogodleni. I-MRI, ikakhulukazi i-MRI ethuthukisiwe, ingaveza izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi kune-CT scan. I-MRI isebenzisa omaginethi namagagasi omsakazo ukudala izithombe zezinto ezingaphakathi emzimbeni esikrinini sekhompyutha. Ku-MRI ehlukene, kufakwa udayi ongenangozi engalweni yengane yakho. Lokhu kwenza izindawo ezinezimila zibonakale kakhulu esikrinini.

• I-Biopsy: Inqubo ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-"stereotactic biopsy" ingakhomba indawo eqondile yesimila bese ithatha ingxenye encane yezicubu lapho bese iyithumela elabhorethri. Ngemuva kwalokho, uchwepheshe obizwa ngokuthi "i-pathologist" uhlola amangqamuzana ukuze abone ukuthi angamaseli e-glioma asezingeni eliphezulu. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakhomba nezici ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lezi zimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukunquma ukwelashwa. Isibonelo, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zomdlavuza zenzelwe ukusebenza kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, lezi zivivinyo zingasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi ingane yakho ingumuntu ofanele yini kulolo hlobo lokwelashwa.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kungenzeka, odokotela basusa lonke isimila esikhundleni sokuthatha nje ingxenye encane ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy.Bese kuthi, kanye nokuxilongwa, ukwelashwa (ukuhlinzwa) nakho kwenzeka.

Kodwa-ke, i-biopsy ingase ingenzeki njalo kuma-glioma asezingeni eliphezulu. Kuye ngokuthi isimila sitholakala kuphi (isibonelo, esiqwini sobuchopho), ukuthatha ingcezu yezicubu kungalimaza izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela bathembele ekuhlolweni kwezithombe ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa.

Ingabe i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu ingelapheka ngokuphelele?

Lona ngumbuzo omkhulu kunayo yonke engqondweni yawo wonke umuntu. Kunzima ukunikeza impendulo eqondile. Kunezici eziningi ezithinta lokhu, njengobudala bengane, ukuthi yiziphi izinguquko zofuzo ezikhona emangqamuzaneni omdlavuza, nokuthi ingakanani ithumba elisusiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-glioma yezinga eliphezulu?

Imigomo eyinhloko yokwelashwa ukususa isimila, ukumisa noma ukulawula ukukhula kwesimila, kanye nokunikeza ingane impumuzo ngokunciphisa izimpawu.

Kuye ngohlobo lwesimila, indawo yaso, kanye nezinye izici, ochwepheshe abaningana bangase bahileleke ekunakekelweni kwengane yakho. Ithimba lingase lihlanganise udokotela ohlinza izinzwa, udokotela ohlinza izinzwa, udokotela ohlinza izinzwa, udokotela ohlinza izinzwa, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane, umhlengikazi ohlinzayo, kanye nesisebenzi sezenhlalakahle.

Okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo kungasetshenziswa njengokwelashwa:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha ama-glioma aphezulu angasuswa ngokuphephile. Lapha, udokotela uzama ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokulimaza izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Ukwelashwa ngemisebe ye-focal kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelapha izingane ezingaphezu kweminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Izingane ezincane kakhulu ngokuvamile azinikezwa ukwelashwa ngemisebe ngoba kungathinta ukukhula kobuchopho bazo. Lokhu kwelashwa kuhilela umshini osebenzisa ama-X-ray amaningi ukuqondisa isimila, uqaphela ukuthi ungalimazi izicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunciphisa izimila, kubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, futhi kunciphisa izimpawu.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ngenxa yokuthi izingane ezincane kakhulu azikwazi ukuthola ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwesimila. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kusebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kusenempikiswano ngokuthi i-chemotherapy isebenza kahle kangakanani kuma-glioma asezingeni eliphezulu. Nakuba eminye imithi yamakhemikhali, njenge-temozolomide, isebenza kahle kwezinye izinhlobo zama-glioma kubantu abadala, imithi efanayo ayisebenzi kangako ezinganeni.
• Ukunakekelwa kobuhlungu:Ochwepheshe bokunakekelwa kwe-palliative bangakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezizosiza ukugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yengane yakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Bangaphakamisa nezindlela zokusiza ingane yakho ukuthi ibhekane nokuxilongwa futhi ithole impumuzo ezimpawini.

I-glioma yezinga eliphezulu ingase ivele ngemva kokwelashwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, udokotela wakho angase asikisele "izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiwe." Lezi izindlela zokwelapha eziqondiswe kuphela kuma-molecule angavamile (abangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo) esimila sengane yakho. Lezi "zindlela zokwelapha eziqondiswe kuma-molecule" zingatholakala "ngezilingo zemitholampilo." Izivivinyo zemitholampilo ziyizifundo ezihlola ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma le mithi yokwelapha eqondiwe isemakethe, noma uma izifundo zangaphambilini zibonise ukuthi iyasebenza kuhlobo lwe-glioma yengane yakho, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukukunika yona ngaphandle kwesivivinyo somtholampilo.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yalezi zindlela zokwelapha?

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa okuhlukene. Nakuba odokotela bezama konke okusemandleni abo ukugwema ukulimaza izicubu ezinempilo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ngemisebe, ezinye izicubu ezinempilo zisengathinteka. Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zobuchopho ezithintekile, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungathinta ukusebenza kobuchopho, ukukhula komntwana, futhi kuphazamise ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngokucophelela nokulinganisa izinzuzo nezingozi ezingaba khona zokwelashwa nethimba lezokwelapha elelapha ingane.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ingane yami ine-glioma yezinga eliphezulu?

Ukubikezela kwengane yakho kuncike ezintweni eziningi, udokotela wakho angaxoxa nawe ngazo. Uhlobo lwamaseli athintekile, izici zamaseli, nokuthi ingakanani ithumba elisusiwe ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa konke kunquma umphumela.

Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yini ongayilindela ngokusekelwe esimweni esithile sengane yakho.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-glioma yezinga eliphezulu?

Lolu hlobo lwesimila lunamathuba amaningi okubuya ngemva kokwelashwa. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu yama-glioma aphezulu ezinganeni lingaphansi kuka-20%. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi la mathumba ahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Akhula ezindaweni ezahlukene, futhi izici zamaseli akuwo zihlukile. Lokhu kwehluka kungathinta ikusasa lengane yakho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Kunemibuzo eminingi efika engqondweni ngesikhathi esinjengalesi. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo enganeni yami?
• Indawo lapho kukhona khona isimila ithinta kanjani izinketho zokwelapha?
• Yiziphi izingozi ezihlobene nokwelashwa?
• Yimiphi imiphumela okufanele siyilindele ekwelashweni?
• Kufanele ngiyinakekele kanjani ingane yami ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?
• Kukangaki ingane yami idinga ukuza ukuze izothola ukwelashwa nokulandelwa?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-glioma yezinga eliphezulu kungaba yinto enzima kakhulu ukuyenza. Lo mdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha, futhi izimila zingabuya ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa. Ngokuvamile kuzodingeka ulinganise izinzuzo zokwelashwa nemiphumela emibi ongafuni ingane yakho ibhekane nayo.

Sebenzisa zonke izinsiza ezitholakalayo ukukusiza, ingane yakho, kanye nomndeni wakho wonke phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha kanye nezivivinyo zemitholampilo. Uma kunezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwe-palliative ezitholakalayo, xhumana naye. Qinisekisa ingane yakho ukuthi uzohlala uyisekela njengoba nibhekene nalokhu kuxilongwa ndawonye. Lokhu kuzoba umthombo omkhulu wamandla kuyo.

I- Glioma, Umdlavuza Wobuchopho, Umdlavuza Wobuntwana, I-Glioma Yezinga Eliphezulu, Ukuhlinzwa Kwezinzwa, Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe, Ukwelashwa Nge-Chemotherapy