Uyazi ngaleli thambo elimangalisayo entanyeni yakho? - Konke mayelana ne-Hyoid Bone!

Wake wezwa ngethambo elincane, kodwa elibaluleke kakhulu entanyeni yakho? Leli likhethekile kancane, ngoba yilona kuphela ithambo 'elintantayo' emzimbeni wethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleli thambo elimangalisayo le-hyoid. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma nje ngokuthi liyini, ukuthi lenzani, nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinkinga elingazibangela.

Iyini i-Hyoid Bone?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibheke ukuthi liyini ithambo le-hyoid . Liyithambo elincane, elinomumo we-crescent ngaphambili kwentamo yakho. Litholakala ngaphansi kwe-mandible yakho nangaphezu kwe-cartilage ye-thyroid emboza izintambo zakho zezwi. Ungabeka iminwe yakho lapho isilevu sakho sihlangana khona nentamo yakho bese ugwinya amathe amancane. Yilapho-ke lapho ungalizwa khona ithambo le-hyoid.

Into ekhetheke kakhulu ngalokhu ukuthi leli thambo le-hyoid yilona kuphela ithambo 'elintantayo' emzimbeni wethu. Okusho ukuthi, alixhumene ngqo nanoma yiliphi elinye ithambo. Ngakho-ke libanjwa kanjani endaweni yalo? Libanjwe yimisipha, imisipha kanye ne-cartilage. Cabanga nje, kufana nokulenga entanjeni.

Yimiphi imisebenzi yethambo le-hyoid?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani kuleli thambo elincane. Cabanga nje, leli lincane kodwa lenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu.

• Kusiza ekukhulumeni: Lokhu kusiza ekunyakazeni kolimi lapho sikhuluma. Kuphinde kuhileleke ekunyakazeni kwe-larynx.
• Isiza ekugwinyeni: Leli thambo le-hyoid liyakhuphuka futhi lehle uma ugwinya ukudla neziphuzo, okuyikho okusiza enqubweni yokugwinya. Uzolizwa likhuphuka futhi lehle uma ugwinya ukudla.
• Kusiza ekuphefumuleni: Kuphinde kudlale indima ekuphefumuleni, ikakhulukazi ekugcineni imigudu yokuphefumula ivulekile.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa ithambo le-hyoid liphinde lisebenze njengesisekelo sezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezizungezile. Isibonelo:

• Ngolimi lwakho
• Emisipheni engezansi komlomo wakho
• I-larynx yakho noma ibhokisi lezwi - okungukuthi, ibhokisi elenza izwi
• I-Epiglottis - Lena yingxenye encane efana nomnyango evimbela ukudla ukuthi kungangeni empompini womoya lapho sigwinya.
• Umphimbo wakho (Pharynx)

Enye into ukuthi ithambo le-hyoid lixhunywe kuma-ligaments amathathu amakhulu kanye nemisipha eminingi entanyeni, futhi lisebenza njengendawo yokunamathisela kuwo.

Itholakala kuphi ithambo le-hyoid?

Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi lokhu kutholakala ngaphambili kwentamo yakho, ngaphansi kwe-mandible nangaphezu kwe-cartilage ye-thyroid. Ukuze sichaze kabanzi, ithambo le-hyoid 'liyantanta' phambi kwe-vertebrae yesine yomlomo wesibeletho emgogodleni wakho.

Libukeka kanjani ithambo le-hyoid?

Leli thambo le-hyoid libunjwe njengohlamvu lwesiNgisi oluthi 'U'.Yilokho kuphela. Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko kulokhu:

• Umzimba oyinhloko: Lena yingxenye engaphambili neyikhulu kakhulu yethambo le-hyoid. Ngokuvamile ingamasentimitha angu-2.5 ububanzi futhi ingamasentimitha angu-1 ubukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingaba nkulu kancane kwabesilisa.
• Izimpondo ezinkulu noma i-cornua enkulu: Lezi yizingxenye ezinde, ezifana nengalo zethambo le-hyoid kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zohlamvu 'U'.
• Izimpondo ezincane noma i-lesser cornua: Lezi yizimbobo ezimbili ezincane zamathambo eduze nokuqala kwezimpondo ezinkulu. Yilapho i-stylohyoid ligament inamathela khona.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi lapho umntwana ezalwa, ithambo le-hyoid liba ngamathambo amathathu ahlukene. Njengoba sikhula, ngokuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nengama-60, la mathambo amathathu ayahlangana ukuze akhe isakhiwo esisodwa, esiqinile, esimise okwesicathulo sehhashi. Kodwa abanye abantu abahlangani kanje. Akuyona inkinga uma bengahlangani. Kungushintsho oluncane nje esakhiweni esijwayelekile, futhi alubangeli zinkinga.

Yiziphi izimo ezithinta ithambo le-hyoid?

Kunezimo eziningana zempilo ezingathinta ithambo le-hyoid. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, lezi zivame ukwenzeka kaningi .

• I-Hyoid bone syndrome: Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwemisipha kanye nemisipha ezungeze ithambo le-hyoid. Lokhu kungabangelwa yi-tendonitis noma ukulimala kwentamo (njenge -whiplash, ukulimala kwentamo okungazelelwe).
• Ukuphuka kwethambo le-hyoid / Ukuphuka kwe-Hyoid: Ukuphuka kwethambo le-hyoid akuvamile kakhulu. Kubangela cishe u-0.002% wazo zonke izimpaphe zabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi leli thambo lifihliwe kahle futhi livikelwe lapho kuhlangana khona isilevu nentamo, ngakho aliphuki kalula. Ngokuvamile, ithambo le-hyoid liyaphuka ezigamekweni zobudlova ezifana nokuklinywa . Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungabangelwa izinto ezifana nokulengiswa, amanxeba okudutshulwa, kanye nezingozi ezinkulu zezimoto.
• I-Osteoradionecrosis (ORN): Lesi yisimo esibucayi kakhulu. Kungukufa kwamathambo okubangelwa ukuchayeka emisebeni. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Ngokuvamile ithinta i-mandible, kodwa ingathinta nethambo le-hyoid.
• I-Chondrosarcoma yethambo le-hyoid: Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile kakhulu.I-Chondrosarcoma umdlavuza wamathambo ongavamile oqala ku-cartilage. Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lukhule ekhanda nasentanyeni. Ngokusho kwamarekhodi ezokwelapha, amacala angu-23 kuphela e-chondrosarcoma ethambo le-hyoid abikwe emhlabeni kuze kube manje. Uphawu oluvame kakhulu olubonakala kubantu abanalesi simo yiqhubu elikhula libe likhulu entanyeni.

Izimpawu ezivamile zezinkinga zethambo le-hyoid

Izimo ezihilela ithambo le-hyoid zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu ebusweni ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Ubuhlungu bentamo.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (mhlawumbe ukutheleleka komphimbo isikhathi eside - njenge -pharyngitis engapheli ).
• Ukushintsha kwezwi, ubunzima bokukhuluma (ukuphazamiseka kwezwi).
• Ukuzwa into ebhajwe emphinjeni.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu lapho ugwinya ukudla nokuphuza.
• Ukuphefumula okuvimbelayo kokulala .
• Ukuphuka entanyeni.
• Umsindo noma umuzwa onjengokungathi amathambo ayagudlana ( crepitus ).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ( ukuphelelwa umoya ).
• Izilonda noma izilonda emlonyeni noma emphinjeni.

Okubalulekile: Ezinye izimpawu zethambo le-hyoid zingafana kakhulu nezezifo ze -temporomandibular joint (TMJ) . Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ekuxilongweni okungalungile. Uma uthola ukwelashwa kwesimo se-TMJ futhi ungalulami, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi kuhlobene nethambo le-hyoid.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisiza ekuxilongeni izifo zamathambo e-hyoid?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuze babone ukuthi kunenkinga yini ngethambo lakho le-hyoid. Ezinye zalezi zifo zifaka:

• Ama-X-ray
• I-CT scan (CT - i-computed tomography scans)
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography)

Lezi zivivinyo zinganika odokotela umbono omuhle ngesimo sethambo lakho le-hyoid, ukuthi kukhona umonakalo, noma ngabe kukhona ezinye izinkinga.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo zethambo le-hyoid?

Lokhu kuzohluka kuye ngesimo sakho, kodwa nansi eminye yemithi ejwayelekile yokwelapha:

• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala ( ama-NSAID - izidakamizwa ezingezona eze-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala )
• Ama-antibiotic - uma kukhona ukutheleleka.
• Imijovo ye-steroid - kunciphisa ukuvuvukala.
• Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu
• I-Tracheostomy - Inqubo encane yokuhlinzwa eyenziwa entanyeni ukuze kuncishiswe ubunzima bokuphefumula kwezinye izimo ezinzima.
• Ukuhlinzwa - Kungadingeka ezimweni ezifana nokuphuka kwethambo noma umdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha uma unezimpawu.

Ingabe umonakalo ethanjeni le-hyoid ungavinjelwa?

Eqinisweni, izimo ezihlobene nethambo le-hyoid azivamile, futhi zivame ukubangelwa yizinto ezingaphezu kwamandla ethu. Isibonelo, kunzima ngathi ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwengozi. Ngakho-ke kunzima kancane ukusho ukuthi lokhu 'kungavinjelwa'.

Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu bese ucela ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi . Uma unezinhlungu ezingapheli entanyeni noma emphinjeni, ubunzima bokugwinya, ushintsho ezwini lakho, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma yiziphi izimpawu esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni, ungazinaki . Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho. Bangathola imbangela ngokushesha futhi baqale ukwelashwa okudingayo.

Ingabe ithambo le-hyoid libizwa nangokuthi i-apula lika-Adam?

Cha, lokho kuyiphutha elingalungile. I-apula lakho lika-Adam, noma njengoba silibiza ngesiNgisi, i-laryngeal prominence yakho , iyingxenye ye -cartilage yakho ye-thyroid . Khumbula, sishilo ngaphambili ukuthi ithambo le-hyoid lihlala ngaphezu kwe-cartilage ye-thyroid. Ngakho-ke yize lezi zakhiwo ezimbili zisondelene, ziyizingxenye ezimbili ezihlukene zomzimba wakho, futhi zombili zenza imisebenzi ehlukene. I-apula lika-Adam livame ukubonakala kakhulu emadodeni.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule

Kulungile, ngakho-ke masikhumbule lokhu njengesifinyezo sethambo le-hyoid esikhulume ngalo namuhla:

• Ithambo le-hyoid liyithambo elincane, 'elintantayo' ngaphambili entanyeni yakho elingaxhumene nanoma yiliphi elinye ithambo.
• Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhulumeni, ekugwinyeni nasekuphefumuleni, kanye nasezindaweni ezisekelayo njengolimi kanye ne-larynx.
• Izimo ezithinta lokhu ngokuvamile azivamile , ngakho ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.
• Kodwa-ke, uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo entanyeni/emphinjeni, ubunzima bokugwinya, noma ukushintsha kwezwi, ungazinaki . Kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Ithambo le-hyoid alilona i-apula lika-Adam . Ziyizakhiwo ezimbili ezihlukene.

Ngisho noma ithambo lakho le-hyoid lincane futhi lifihlekile ngemuva komhlathi wakho ongezansi, lisasebenza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela futhi uthathe isinyathelo uma kunenkinga. Khumbula njalo, uma uzizwa ungaphilile, odokotela bakhona ukukusiza.

Ithambo le -Hyoid, ithambo le-Hyoid, ithambo lentamo, ukugwinya, ukukhuluma, umphimbo obuhlungu, i-hyoid syndrome