Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele, unekhanda elibuthakathaka, noma ushaya isifuba ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto evamile bese sikudelela. Kodwa lokhu kungaba uphawu loshintsho oluncane lwamakhemikhali emzimbeni wakho. Okusho ukuthi, izinga le-potassium egazini lakho likhuphuke kakhulu kunokudingekile. Kwezokwelapha, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-hyperkalemia. Ungakhathazeki, noma ngabe leli gama lizwakala njengento enkulu, masiliqonde kalula nangokunembile.
Iyini i-potassium? Kungani ibalulekile kithi?
Kalula nje, i-potassium iyiminerali ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba wethu, esebenza njengomsinga kagesi omncane. Kwezokwelapha, lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-electrolyte. Cabanga ngomzimba wethu njengomshini oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze lo mshini usebenze kahle, udinga 'umsinga'. Yileyo ndlela i-potassium esiza ngayo umzimba wethu.
Nazi ezinye zemisebenzi eyinhloko eyenziwa yi-potassium emizimbeni yethu:
- Ukusebenza kwemisipha: Uma welula ingalo yakho, uhleka, noma uhamba, konke lokhu kudinga imisipha ukuze ifinyele futhi yelule. I-Potassium iyasiza ekwenzeni lokho kanye.
- Uhlelo lwezinzwa: Imizwa ithwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, futhi isuka ezingxenyeni zomzimba iye ebuchosheni. I-potassium ibalulekile ukuze lokhu kudluliswa kwesignali kagesi kwenzeke kahle.
- Ukondla amangqamuzana: I-Potassium isiza izigidigidi zamangqamuzana emzimbeni wethu ukuthi amunce izakhamzimba futhi asuse imfucuza enqwabelana ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana.
- Ukulawula Umfutho Wegazi: Usawoti (i-sodium) esiwudlayo ungandisa umfutho wegazi. I-Potassium isiza ukulinganisela imiphumela yalowo sawoti futhi ilawule umfutho wegazi.
Ngakho-ke la mazinga e-potassium akhuphuka kanjani?
Sithola i-potassium ekudleni esikudlayo. Ubhanana, amawolintshi, kanye nezithelo nemifino ethile kucebile nge-potassium. Ngokuvamile, umzimba wethu uthatha inani le-potassium elidingayo, bese okusele kuhlungwa ngezinso zethu bese kuphuma emchameni. Cabanga ngezinso njengezihlungi ezimbili ezinkulu emzimbeni wethu.
Kodwa-ke, uma kunenkinga ngalezi zihlungi ezimbili, isibonelo, uma kukhona into efana nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, ngeke ikwazi ukususa le potassium eningi. Khona-ke leyo potassium eningi iqala ukuqongelela egazini. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-hyperkalemia.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma izinga le-potassium egazini liba phezulu kakhulu, lingathinta ngqo ukusebenza kwenhliziyo yethu. Kungabangela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, ubuhlungu besifuba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezimo ezibucayi njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
Ngokuvamile, izinga le-potassium egazini lomuntu omdala onempilo kufanele libe phakathi kwama-millimole angu-3.5 no-5.0 ngelitha (mmol/L). Uma leli nani liphakeme kuno-5.5, silibheka njenge-Hyperkalemia. Uma leli zinga liphakeme kuno-6.5, kuyisimo esibucayi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Sikubona kanjani?
Enye yezinselele ezinkulu lapha ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-hyperkalemia encane ababonisi zimpawu. Ngisho noma zikhona, zivame kakhulu kangangokuthi asizinaki kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpawu ziyafika zidlule, noma zivele zikhule kancane kancane ngemva kwamasonto noma izinyanga.
Ake sibone ukuthi lezi zimpawu ziyini kuthebula elingezansi.
| Izinga lezimpawu | Izinto ezingazwakala |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu ezincane |
|
| Izimpawu ezibucayi (zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo) |
|
Iyini imbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo?
Njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yisifo sezinso. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, imfucuza esegazini, ikakhulukazi i-potassium, ayihlungwa kahle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kungabangela i-Hyperkalemia:
- Ukudla ukudla okune-potassium eningi: Abanye abantu baze bathathe izithasiselo ze-potassium. Ukuzithatha ngaphandle kweseluleko sezokwelapha kungaba yingozi.
- Ezinye izinhlobo zemithi:Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziselwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme, inganciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-potassium futhi inyuse amazinga egazini.
- Isifo Sikashukela: Le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki.
- Isifo sika-Addison: Lesi yisimo esihlobene nama-hormone.
- Ukusha okukhulu: Uma indawo enkulu yomzimba ishiswa, amaseli ayalimala futhi i-potassium yawo ingaqongelela egazini.
- Ezinye izifo zofuzo: Lezi azivamile kakhulu.
Udokotela ukuxilonga kanjani lokhu ngokunembile?
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo sitholakala ngengozi. Okusho ukuthi, uma uhlolwa igazi lesinye isimo, ungase ubone ukuthi izinga lakho le-potassium liphakeme embikweni. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile kwalokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-potassium egazini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angenza olunye uhlolo, oluyi -ECG (Electrocardiogram) .
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG: Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqopha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo yakho, okuyi-rhythm yenhliziyo yakho. Lapho izinga le-potassium egazini likhuphuka, kwenzeka izinguquko endleleni kagesi (rhythm) yenhliziyo. Amagagasi e-T aphezulu ku-ECG angenye yezimpawu zokuqala ze-hyperkalemia. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ukuthi izinga le-potassium seliqala yini ukuthinta inhliziyo.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni amazinga akho e-potassium egazini aphakeme kangakanani nokuthi yini ebangela lokho. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, lesi yisimo esilawulekayo.
Nazi ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
| Indlela yokwelapha | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Imithi yokuhlanza | Ngokuvamile sibiza lawa ngokuthi 'amaphilisi amanzi'. Le mithi ivuselela izinso futhi izenze zikhiqize umchamo owengeziwe. I-potassium ne-sodium eningi kakhulu kukhishwa emzimbeni kanye nomchamo. |
| Ukuphathwa kwemithi | Eminye imithi osuvele uyisebenzisa (isib. imithi yomfutho wegazi) ingase ibangele amazinga akho e-potassium akhuphuke. Uma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase anqume ukuyeka ukuthatha lowo muthi noma akushintshele komunye umuthi. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha umuthi wakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. |
| Izihlanganisi ze-Potassium | Lokho okwenziwa yile mithi ukubamba i-potassium ekudleni esikudlayo emathunjini bese iyikhipha kanye nendle. Lokho kusho ukuthi ayivumeli i-potassium ukuthi imuncwe egazini. |
| Ukwelashwa Nge-IV (Ukwelashwa Nge-Intravenous) | Uma amazinga akho e-potassium ephezulu kakhulu futhi ephezulu ngendlela eyingozi, lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha enikezwa ngemithambo esibhedlela, njenge-saline. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-calcium gluconate ukuvikela inhliziyo, kanye ne-insulin yokuhambisa i-potassium egazini iye emangqamuzaneni. |
| I-Dialysis | Lokhu kwelashwa kusetshenziselwa abantu abanenkinga yezinso noma labo abangakwazi ukunciphisa amazinga abo e-potassium ngezinye izindlela zokwelapha. Kalula nje, kuhilela ukusebenzisa umshini ukuhlunga elinye igazi, ukususa izinto ezingafuneki kanye ne-potassium eningi. |
Siyivimbela futhi siyiphathe kanjani le simo?
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela lokhu ukunakekela impilo yezinso zakho nokulawula ukudla kwakho.
Ukudla okune-potassium eningi
Uma usengozini yokuthola i-hyperkalemia, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma isazi sokudla ngokudla ukudla okune-potassium ephansi. Kungadingeka ukuthi uyeke ngokuphelele noma unciphise ukudla okune-potassium eningi.
Ukudla okune-potassium eningi okufanele kuncishiswe noma kugwenywe:
- Izithelo: ubhanana, amawolintshi, i-grapefruit, amakhabe, ama-avokhado, amagilebhisi omisiwe, amadethi, ama-apricot omisiwe.
- Imifino: Isipinashi, utamatisi, amazambane, ubhatata, ama-beet, amakhowe, ama-gourds.
- Okunye: isosi katamatisi, i-ketchup, inyama yenkomo, inhlanzi, amajusi ezithelo asemathinini.
- Izinto ezithatha usawoti: Ezinye izinto ezithatha usawoti omncane emakethe ziqukethe i-potassium chloride. Gwema ukuzisebenzisa.
Okubalulekile: Ungakhathazeki ngalolu hlu lokudla. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kufanele uyeke ukudla konke. Udokotela wakho uzokweluleka ukuthi yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukunciphise nokuthi kungakanani, kuye ngesimo sakho.
Kufanele siye nini kudokotela? Kufanele siye nini ku-ETU?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma wazi ukuthi une-Hyperkalemia, kubalulekile ukuthi igazi lakho lihlolwe ngezikhathi ezihleliwe njengoba udokotela wakho encoma.
Uma unalezi zimpawu ezivamile, bheka udokotela wakho:
- Ubuhlungu besisu obuvamile
- Uhudo
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- Ukukhathala ngaphandle kwesizathu
Kodwa-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu, kufanele uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha:
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula
- Ubuthakathaka obukhulu bemisipha (ukungakwazi ngisho nokuma)
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
- Isilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo esihamba kancane noma esibuthakathaka
Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi amazinga e-potassium athinta kakhulu inhliziyo nomzimba.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hyperkalemia izinga eliphezulu le-potassium egazini. Ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sezinso.
- Ngokuvamile, azikho izimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, uma unezici eziyingozi njengesifo sezinso, isifo sikashukela, noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, hlola igazi lakho njalo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengobuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ubuthakathaka obukhulu bemisipha, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
- Lesi simo singalawulwa kahle ngokunciphisa ukudla okune-potassium eningi (njengobhanana, amawolintshi, utamatisi, amazambane) kanye nokuthatha imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
- Ungalokothi uyeke noma ushintshe imithi yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
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