Ingabe uphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni? Ake sifunde ngqo nge-hypovolemia!

Wake wazizwa sengathi uzoquleka noma uphazamiseke? Noma mhlawumbe ngemva kwengozi enkulu, noma ngemva kwezinsuku zokuhlanza okukhulu noma uhudo, sithi "ulahlekelwe yizo zonke izinto zakho eziwuketshezi." Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, inani loketshezi emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi igazi lakho, lingehla kakhulu. Lesi yisimo esizokhuluma ngaso namuhla, esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypovolemia. Lokhu akuyona into elula, futhi uma ungalaleli, kungaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe.

Kuyini i-Hypovolemia?

Kalula nje, i-hypovolemia yilapho umzimba wakho ungenawo umthamo owanele woketshezi, ikakhulukazi igazi, ukugcina uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi luhamba kahle. "Uketshezi" lungahlanganisi amanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-plasma, ingxenye ebalulekile yegazi lakho, kanye noketshezi lwe-lymphatic. I-lymph uketshezi olukhethekile olugcwele amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi olusiza ukususa ubuthi kanye nemfucuza emzimbeni.

Cabanga nje, cishe u-50% kuya ku-60% wesisindo somzimba wethu uyamanzi. Ngakho-ke kulesi simo se-hypovolemia, ngaphezu kuka-15% womthamo woketshezi emzimbeni wakho uyancishiswa. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ngoba uma singelashwa, kunethuba elikhulu lokulimala kwezitho zethu ezibalulekile, ukushaqeka, noma ngisho nokufa.

Ngakho-ke kuyini ukushaqeka kwe-hypovolemic? Ingabe kuyingozi?

Yebo, i-Hypovolemic Shock uhlobo olubi kakhulu noluyingozi lwe-Hypovolemia. Lesi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo. Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi inhliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke ngenxa yoketshezi oluningi noma ukulahlekelwa igazi. Cabanga ngakho njengomshini ongenamanzi. Ngenxa yalesi sifo se-Hypovolemic Shock, izitho zomzimba zingase ziqale ukwehluleka ngasinye ngasinye.

Ukushaqeka kwe-Hypovolemic kuvame ukwenzeka lapho umuntu elahlekelwa ngaphezu kwama-20% oketshezi lomzimba wakhe ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukulimala okukhulu (ukusikeka okukhulu, ukusha), ukopha kwangaphakathi, noma izinsuku zokuhlanza okukhulu noma uhudo.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-hypovolemia? Ingabe kuyisimo esivamile?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angaba nalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypovolemia. Nakuba kungekho zibalo eziqondile zokuthi sivame kangakanani, sivame kakhulu kubantu abanezifo ezizumayo, labo abaye babhekana nezingozi ezinkulu, kanye neziguli ezigula kakhulu ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa okujulile.

I-hypovolemia iyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu?

Ukuze isitho ngasinye emzimbeni wethu sisebenze kahle, sidinga ukuthola inani elifanele loketshezi, okuyigazi. Kufana nezimbali engadini. Uma imvula ingekho, izimbali ziyabuna ngaphandle kwamanzi, akunjalo? Ngendlela efanayo, imizimba yethu "ingabuna" uma intula uketshezi. Uma udokotela ethola ukuthi une-hypovolemia, uzokunika uketshezi olwengeziwe. Njengoba nje sinisela izitshalo ngebhakede lamanzi ngesikhathi semvula, umzimba ugcwalisa uketshezi olulahlekile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hypovolemia?

Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu, futhi zingahluka ngobukhulu kuye ngokuthi isimo sibucayi kangakanani. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuzizwa unesizungu lapho umi.
• Isikhumba esomile nomlomo.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele noma ungenampilo.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha.
• Ukungachami, noma inani lomchamo ophumayo liyancipha bese liba mnyama ngombala.

Manje ake sibheke izimpawu zesimo esibi nesisongela ukuphila njenge-Hypovolemic Shock:

• Ukudideka.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile.
• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi.
• Ukushisa komzimba okuphansi.
• Umbala wesikhumba okhanyayo noma ngezinye izikhathi umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindebeni nasesikhumbeni (i-cyanosis).

Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwengozi, okuhambisana nokuhlanza/uhudo olunzima, qiniseka ukuthi uya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha.

Kungani kwenzeka i-hypovolemia? Ziyini izimbangela?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-hypovolemia ukulahleka koketshezi noma igazi emzimbeni. Kunezindlela eziningana lokhu okungenzeka ngazo:

• Ukulimala: Ukusikeka, ukusha, kanye nokunye ukulimala ebusweni bomzimba.
• Izifo: Izimo ezinezimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo kanye nesifo sohudo (isb., ukucasuka okukhulu kwesisu, eminye imikhuhlane ebangelwa amagciwane).
• Ukopha kwangaphakathi: Ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngesizathu esithile. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ngoba akubonakali ngaphandle.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukungondleki kahle: Umthamo wegazi uyancipha ngenxa yokungangenisi amanzi nosawoti (ama-electrolyte) anele emzimbeni.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile: Ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okunzima, noma uma unesifo esibangela ukujuluka ngokweqile (hyperhidrosis).

Uyibona kanjani i-hypovolemia?

Uma ubona udokotela, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi bangase bacele ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuhlola amazinga akho oketshezi kanye ne-sodium. Amazinga aphansi e-sodium nawo ayisibonakaliso se-hypovolemia. Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi une-hypovolemia, udokotela uzobe esezama ukuthola imbangela eqondile yamazinga akho oketshezi aphansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuthola imbangela kuzokusiza ukuthi uqale ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Udokotela angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi simo:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila: Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela uzohlola isikhumba sakho, emlonyeni wakho, olimini, kanye nasekhaleni ukuze abone ukuthi somile yini. Ukoma kuyisibonakaliso salesi sifo.
• Izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, kanye nomfutho wegazi: Lokhu kuzolinganiswa ngenkathi uhleli futhi umile ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini umehluko. Bazohlola nezimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza lapho ushintsha izikhundla.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma komchamo ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-ultrasound noma i-echocardiogram.

Iphathwa kanjani i-hypovolemia?

Ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokululama kulesi simo. Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukubuyisela umthamo woketshezi olulahlekile emzimbeni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa koketshezi. Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza uketshezi ngemithambo yegazi (IV - ngemithambo). Uhlobo loketshezi olunikezwayo lungahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni loketshezi oludingwa umzimba wakho:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi: Igazi elivela kumnikeli linikezwa ukuze lithathe indawo yegazi elilahlekile emzimbeni wakho.
• Izixazululo ze-Crystalloid: Lezi yizixazululo ezenziwe ngokungeza usawoti (usawoti), ushukela (i-dextrose), noma i-sodium, i-chloride, i-potassium, i-calcium, kanye nesixazululo se-Ringer's esifakwe i-lactated.
• Ama-Colloid: Lawa aqukethe izinhlayiya ezinkulu. Lawa ahlala ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-albumin kanye ne-hetastarch.

Ngaphezu kokukunikeza lolu ketshezi, udokotela wakho uzophinde elaphe imbangela yokwehla kwe-hypovolemia yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Uma kukhona ukutheleleka noma ukugula, kwelaphe.
• Uma kukhona inxeba, lingelashwa.
• Ukunikeza umzimba izakhamzimba (njenge-sodium noma ama-electrolyte) ontula kuwo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokwelashwa?

I-Hypovolemia ihlala kuphela kuze kube yilapho amazinga oketshezi emzimbeni esegcwalisiwe. Lokhu kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa. Ngemva kokuqala kokwelashwa, uketshezi lunikezwa kancane kancane. Unganikezi inani elikhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ekuqaleni ungase uthole uketshezi oluningi lwe-IV, bese wehlisa inani njengoba amazinga akho oketshezi esondela ku-100%, bese uyeka ukwelashwa lapho amazinga akho oketshezi ezinza futhi izimpawu zakho ziphela.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi ye-hypovolemia?

Nakuba i-hypovolemia ngezinye izikhathi yenzeka ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle ezingaphezu kwamandla ethu, kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi:

• Uma uthola ukutheleleka, ukulimala, noma ukugula, thola ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.
• Gwema imisebenzi ebangela ukujuluka ngokweqile ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma wenza kanjalo, phuza amanzi amaningi phakathi nalokhu.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi njalo futhi uhlale unamanzi emzimbeni.
• Sebenzisa Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (i-PPE) ukuze uzivikele ekusikeni nasekushiseni (isib. emsebenzini, ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya).

Kwenzekani uma uhlaselwa yi-hypovolemia? Uyini umbono?

Umphumela wawo wonke umuntu onalesi simo awufani. Kuncike ekutheni imbangela yokulahlekelwa yigazi noma uketshezi ingamiswa futhi iphathwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo sitholakala futhi selashwa kusenesikhathi, ngokuvamile singalapheka. Uma singelashwa noma sekwephuzile kakhulu, singaba yingozi empilweni, sibangele ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba unomphela, noma ngisho nokufa.

Ngemva kokuba ukwelashwa sekuqalile ukubuyisela amazinga oketshezi alahlekile emzimbeni, izimpawu ziyancipha kancane kancane futhi zinyamalale ngokuphelele lapho amazinga oketshezi emzimbeni ebuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

Ngizinakekela kanjani? (Ukuzinakekela)

Uma usuyazi ukuthi une-hypovolemia, kunezinto eziningana ongazenza ukuze uzinakekele:

• Phumula kahle.
• Hlala kude nomsebenzi onzima isikhashana.
• Phuza amanzi amaningi njalo futhi ugweme ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimpawu ze-hypovolemia, ikakhulukazi uma zenzeka ngemva kwanoma yiziphi zezehlakalo ezilandelayo, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha:

• Ngemva kwengozi, njengokusha, ukusikeka, noma okunye ukulimala.
• Ngemva kokugula okufana nobuhlungu obukhulu besisu, nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo noma uhudo.
• Ngemva kosuku lokungakwazi ukudla noma ukuphuza.
• Ngemva komsebenzi noma umcimbi obangela ukujuluka okukhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Kuzodingeka ngithole isikhathi esingakanani uketshezi lwe-IV (usawoti)?
• Yini ebangela ukulahlekelwa yigazi lami?
• Ngingaqhubeka nini nemisebenzi yami evamile ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ngingazivikela kanjani ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni ngemva kokwelashwa?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Hypovolemia ne-Hypervolemia?

I-Hypovolemia kanye ne-hypervolemia zombili izimo ezibhekisela enanini loketshezi noma igazi emzimbeni wakho. Igama elithi "hypo" lisho "ngaphansi" noma "ngaphansi." "hyper" lisho "ngaphezulu" noma "ngaphezulu." Ngakho-ke, uma une-hypovolemia, awunalo uketshezi olwanele emzimbeni wakho. Uma une-hypervolemia, unoketshezi oluningi kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukulahlekelwa yigazi noma uketshezi emzimbeni kuyisimo esibi kakhulu esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Uma usanda kuba sengozini noma unesifo futhi ubhekene nezimpawu ze-hypovolemia, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Uma unezimpawu ezincane kakhulu, bona udokotela wakho bese ukhuluma ngezindlela zokugcwalisa uketshezi olulahlekile emzimbeni wakho. Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi nokuphumula ngokwanele kungasiza ekuphatheni lesi simo. Uma utholakale unalesi simo, singaphazamisa okwesikhashana imisebenzi yakho evamile, kodwa ngokwelashwa kwe-hypovolemia, ungabuyela esimweni esijwayelekile njengoba uketshezi lomzimba wakho lubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile.

` I-Hypovolemia, i-Hypovolemia, Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, Ukwehla kwevolumu yegazi, i-Hypovolemic shock, i-Hypovolemic shock, Ukwelashwa Okuphuthumayo