Ake sifunde nge-hypoxemia - ukwehla komoya-mpilo egazini!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa sengathi uphelelwa umoya? Noma sengathi isifuba sakho siqinile kancane? Esinye isizathu salokhu kungaba ukwehla kwezinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngezokwelapha ngokuthi i-hypoxemia. Nakuba lokhu kungaba yisimo esibucayi, singaphathwa kahle uma usiqonda kahle futhi wenza izinto ezidingekayo. Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe namuhla, akunjalo?

Kuyini i-Hypoxemia?

Kalula nje, i-hypoxemia yilapho igazi lethu linomoya-mpilo omncane kunalokho okufanele libe yikho. Cabanga ngale ndlela: imizimba yethu ifana nemoto. Njengoba nje imoto idinga uphethiloli ukuze isebenze, zonke izitho kanye neseli emzimbeni wethu zidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze zisebenze kahle.

Lo moya ungena egazini lethu ngamaphaphu uma siphefumula. Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo osemoyeni ungena emaphashini ethu. Ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu kukhona amasaka amancane omoya, njengamagilebhisi amancane emvinini. Siwabiza ngokuthi `(Alveoli)` . Kuzungeze lawa `(Alveoli)` kusakazeke imigudu eminingi emihle yegazi `(Capillaries) . Uma siphefumula, umoya-mpilo osemoyeni ongena ungena kulawa `(Alveoli)` ngalezo migudu emihle yegazi. Bese lo moya-mpilo uhamba negazi emzimbeni wonke bese ufinyelela ezicutshini zethu.

Ngakho-ke, uma kunenkinga ndawana thize kule nqubo, okungukuthi, uma kungekho umoya-mpilo owanele ekuphefumuleni esikuthathayo, noma uma amaphaphu engakwazi ukumunca umoya-mpilo egazini ngendlela efanele, khona-ke izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini liyancipha, okusho ukuthi kwenzeka i-hypoxemia.

I-Hypoxemia ingaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene, kuye ngokuthi inzima kangakanani nokuthi ithatha isikhathi esingakanani . Ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izimpawu ezincane njengekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokuphelelwa umoya. Kodwa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nobuchopho, ibangele isimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Hypoxia", lapho izitho zomzimba nezicubu zintula khona umoya-mpilo, futhi ingaholela ekufeni.

Uma lokhu kwenzeka esikhathini esifushane, sikubiza ngokuthi "ukwehluleka kokuphefumula okukhulu," futhi uma kuyinkinga eqhubeka izinyanga noma iminyaka, sikubiza ngokuthi "ukwehluleka kokuphefumula okungapheli."

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Hypoxemia kanye ne-Hypoxia?

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa amagama athi hypoxemia kanye ne-hypoxia. Nakuba ezwakala afana, kunomehluko omncane.

• I-Hypoxemia ukwehla komoya-mpilo egazini.
• I-Hypoxia ukwehla kwenani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela ezicutshini zomzimba wethu.

I-Hypoxia ivame ukubangelwa yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoxemia. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma igazi linamazinga aphansi e-oxygen, izicubu nazo zinamazinga aphansi e-oxygen. Kodwa lokho akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, izicubu zingaba ne-oxygen ephansi yize igazi linamazinga ajwayelekile e-oxygen, noma izicubu zingaba ne-oxygen ephansi yize igazi linamazinga aphansi e-oxygen. Kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa okubalulekile ukuthi kokubili kuhlobene namazinga aphansi e-oxygen.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola i-hypoxemia?

Nakuba noma ubani engaba nalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypoxemia, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba naso.

• Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kubantu abanezifo zamaphaphu, isibonelo, i-asthma, i-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu), kanye ne-pneumonia.
• Lokhu kungathinta nabantu abanesifo senhliziyo . Ngoba inhliziyo yiyo epompa igazi elinomoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona inkinga ngokusebenza kwenhliziyo, izothinta namazinga omoya-mpilo egazini.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana nomkhuhlane, i-pneumonia, kanye ne-COVID-19 nazo zingandisa ingozi yokuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu esizibonayo kulesi simo se-hypoxemia. Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi sifo sibucayi kangakanani, okungukuthi, ukuthi umoya-mpilo uphansi kangakanani, nokuthi imbangela iyini.

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Ikhanda elibuhlungu elihlala likhona.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Umuzwa wobunzima bokuphefumula, ukuqina kwesifuba, kanye nokuphelelwa umoya.
• I-Tachycardia: Ukwanda kwesilinganiso sokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Ukukhwehlela: Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.
• Ukuphefumula: Umsindo wokukhala kwekhwela ovela esifubeni lapho uphefumula.
• Ukudideka: Ukuzizwa unesiyezi futhi ungazi ukuthi wenzeni.
• Isikhumba esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinzipho, nezindebe (i-Cyanosis): Lesi yisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu. Uma umzimba ungatholi umoya-mpilo owanele, ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba, izinzipho, nezindebe kungaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-hypoxemia?

I-Hypoxemia ingaba nezimbangela eziningi. Kodwa ngokuvamile, imbangela eyinhloko yisimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu esithinta ukuphefumula noma ukujikeleza kwegazi ngokuvamile siyimbangela. Eminye imithi ingabangela ne-hypoxemia ngokunciphisa ukuphefumula.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi `(Sleep Apnea)`. Yisimo lapho ukuphefumula kuyeka khona ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi sokulala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, noma kubantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezincane, izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lingancipha ebusuku. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Nocturnal Hypoxemia)`.

Enye into ukuthi i-hypoxemia ingenzeka nalapho uhamba uye ezindaweni eziphakeme . Cabanga ukuthi uma uya endaweni ephakeme enezintaba njengeNuwara Eliya, yingakho abanye abantu bezizwa sengathi banenkinga yokuphefumula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani lomoya-mpilo emoyeni liyancipha njengoba ukuphakama kukhuphuka.

Ezinye izizathu ezimbalwa...

Ezinye izimo ezingabangela i-hypoxemia zifaka:

• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• I-anemia - lokho kusho ukuntuleka kwegazi
• Isifuba somoya
• I-Bronchitis
• Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Kwamaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD)
• Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuzalwa - izifo zenhliziyo ezikhona lapho kuzalwa
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana
• I-Emphysema - ukulimala kwezikhwama zomoya emaphashini
• Inyumoniya
• Umoya ozungeze amaphaphu noma ukuwa kwamaphaphu (i-Pneumothorax)
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• I-embolism yamaphaphu
• Ukusha kwamaphaphu (i-pulmonary fibrosis)
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu

Izigaba ezi-5 eziyinhloko zezinto ezibangela ukuntuleka koshukela egazini

Manje ake sibheke izindlela ezi-5 eziyinhloko ezifaka isandla ekwandeni kwe-hypoxemia. Lezi ziwusizo kancane kwezokwelapha, kodwa ake sizame ukuziqonda kalula.

1. Ukungalingani Komoya-Ukugeleza (V/Q): Cabanga ngakho, ukuze igazi lithole umoya-mpilo, amaphaphu adinga ukuthola umoya owanele (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umoya-mpilo), futhi ukuze athwale lowo moya-mpilo, amaphaphu adinga ukuthola igazi elanele (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umoya-mpilo). Uma kunenkinga nganoma yikuphi kwalokhu okubili, isibonelo, uma amaphaphu ethola umoya owanele kodwa igazi linganele, noma uma igazi lithola umoya owanele kodwa umoya unganele, khona-ke umoya-mpilo awungeni egazini kahle. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(V/Q) ukungahambelani`. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yisifo senhliziyo noma isifo samaphaphu.

2. Ukuphazamiseka kokusabalala: Ngezinye izikhathi amaphaphu athola umoya negazi elanele, kodwa kuba nzima ukuthi umoya-mpilo emaphashini umunceke (usakazeke) emithanjeni yegazi. Njengalapho izimbobo zesihlungi zivalekile, amanzi awakwazi ukudlula. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo ezifana ne-emphysema noma izibazi zamaphaphu.

3. Ukuphefumula Okuphansi: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho siphefumula kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umoya-mpilo onganele awufiki emaphashini. Lokhu kungabangelwa izifo eziningi zamaphaphu kanye nezinye izifo zobuchopho.

4.Umoya-mpilo ophansi endaweni esizungezile: Uma umoya endaweni esizungezile uphansi komoya-mpilo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siphefumula kangakanani, imizimba yethu ngeke ithole umoya-mpilo oyidingayo. Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, umoya ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba uphansi komoya-mpilo.

5. Ukushenxa kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele: Ngokuvamile, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo (elibi) emzimbeni wethu liya ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo, ukusuka lapho liya emaphashini ukuze lithathe umoya-mpilo (ukuhlanza), bese libuyela ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo bese liphonswa kuwo wonke umzimba. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, leli gazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lingahamba ngqo lisuka ohlangothini lwesokudla lwenhliziyo liye ohlangothini lwesobunxele lomzimba esikhundleni sokuya emaphashini. Bese, igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo lihamba kuwo wonke umzimba. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukushenxa kusuka kwesokudla kuya kwesobunxele. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokungajwayelekile enhliziyweni.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi udokotela uhlonza kanjani lesi simo sokuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni. Uma uya kudokotela, uzoqala alalele inhliziyo namaphaphu akho. Ngoba noma yikuphi ukukhubazeka kulezi zitho kungaba uphawu lomoya-mpilo ophansi egazini. Uzohlola nokuthi isikhumba sakho, izindebe, nezinzipho zakho ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungenza izivivinyo ezilandelayo ukuhlola amazinga akho e-oxygen:

• I-pulse oximetry: Cishe usuyibonile le nto. Iyithuluzi elincane elibamba umunwe wakho bese lilinganisa izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Alibuhlungu futhi alidingi igazi. Odokotela abaningi bayalisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegesi yegazi lemithambo: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okulinganisa ngokunembile izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini ngokuthatha isampula yegazi elincane endaweni efana nesihlakala, igoqo lengalo, noma imbobo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokuhamba ngezinyawo kwemizuzu eyisithupha (6MWT): Lokhu kuhilela ukuhamba endaweni eyisicaba imizuzu eyisithupha, ulinganisa ukuthi amazinga akho omoya-mpilo ashintsha kanjani nokuthi ungahamba ibanga elingakanani. Lokhu kungakunikeza umbono wokuthi amaphaphu akho nenhliziyo yakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Uma welapha i-hypoxemia, ukwelashwa kuncike embangela. Udokotela wakho angakunika umoya-mpilo owengeziwe ukuze andise amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Lokhu kunganikezwa ngamathangi omoya-mpilo noma imishini ebizwa ngokuthi ama-oxygen concentrators. Abanye abantu bangase bakudinge njalo, kanti abanye bangase bakudinge kuphela uma bekhathele. Kuncike ebunzimeni besimo.

Ezimweni ezinzima ze-hypoxemia, njenge-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), umshini obizwa ngokuthi i-ventilator ungasetshenziswa ukukusiza uphefumule.

Isihluthulelo ukwelapha imbangela eyisisekelo. Isibonelo:

• Ama-inhalers kubantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-COPD, okungukuthi, ama-inhaler aqukethe `(Ama-Bronchodilators)` (ama-bronchodilators) noma `(Ama-Steroids)` anganikezwa.
• Ama-diuretics anganikezwa ukuze kususwe uketshezi oluningi emaphashini.
• Ungase ucelwe ukuthi usebenzise imaski ye-CPAP (Continuous Positive Airways Pressure) ukuze welaphe i-sleep apnea.
• Uma kunengozi yokuqhubeka nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo, umoya-mpilo owengeziwe unganikezwa. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi okuhambisa umoya-mpilo. Umoya-mpilo unganikezwa ngemaski yokuphefumula, ithubhu elincane elifakwa ekhaleni (i-cannula). Lokhu kunganikezwa ekhaya, emshinini omncane ongathatha nawo lapho usohambweni, noma esibhedlela.

Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu?

Uma uzizwa udidekile ngokuzumayo, unenkinga yokuphefumula, ushaya ngokushesha, noma uqaphela ukuthi izinzipho zakho, izindebe, noma isikhumba sakho siphenduka sibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma une-pulse oximeter ekhaya, ungayisebenzisa futhi ukuhlola amazinga akho e-oxygen. I-Hypoxemia kumele yelashwe ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezitho ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Abantu abanezimo ezithile, njenge-COPD kanye ne-Sleep Apnea, bangase babe ne-hypoxemia njalo noma ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuphatha isimo sakho, ukunciphisa izimpawu, kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Uma izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini lehla, izitho zethu zomzimba nezicubu azitholi inani lomoya-mpilo eziwudingayo ukuze zisebenze. Njengoba sesixoxile kakade, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Hypoxia).` Uma lesi simo siqhubeka, isibonelo, `(Sleep Apnea)` okubangela ukwehla komoya-mpilo ebusuku (`Nocturnal hypoxemia`), inhliziyo yethu nobuchopho kungalimaza. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo okungazelelwe, okukhulu kungaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni ukuphatha kahle izimo zakho zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo. Uma unesifo samaphaphu noma senhliziyo, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela ezithile zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Ngisho nakubantu abangenazo izifo zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu, ingozi yokuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni inganda ngenxa yemithi ethile noma uma uhamba uye ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, buza udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyithathayo kanye nanoma yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhethekile okufanele uzithathe uma uhamba. Uma uhamba uye ezindaweni eziphakeme, nikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi esanele sokujwayela isimo sezulu.

Yini ongayenza ukuze wandise amazinga omoya-mpilo?

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokugcina amazinga akho e-oxygen egazini ephephile futhi unciphise ingozi ye-hypoxemia ukuphatha kahle izimo zakho zezokwelapha.

• Ungakhohlwa ngezimpawu ezintsha.Uma uzizwa into engavamile, yiqaphele. Bona udokotela noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.
• Uma udokotela wakho ekunike umoya-mpilo, yisebenzise kahle.
• Nakekela impilo yamaphaphu akho (``Ukuhlanzeka kwamaphaphu``). Uma une-``COPD`` noma i-asthma`, yazi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezibangela lokhu. Hlala ugcina i-``rescue inhaler`` yakho. Sebenzisa i-``incentive spirometer``, yenza izivivinyo zokuphefumula, bese ulandela amanye amathiphu ezempilo yamaphaphu udokotela wakho akunikeza wona.
• Uma ubhema, yeka. Ukuyeka ukubhema kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, okuvumela amaphaphu akho ukuthi athole umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Kuvimbela nomonakalo owengeziwe emaphaphu akho.
• Thatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela emyalile.
• Yenza uhlelo lapho uya ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ngisho nakubantu abangenazo izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu, kungaba nzima ukuphefumula ezindaweni eziphakeme. Cabanga kusengaphambili ngokuthi kuzokuthinta kanjani nokuthi uzozivumelanisa kanjani noshintsho. Hlela futhi kusengaphambili ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma udinga usizo oluphuthumayo lwezokwelapha. Zinike isikhathi esanele sokujwayela uma kudingeka, futhi ulethe noma yimiphi imishini noma imithi eyengeziwe ongayidinga.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye esibhedlela ngokushesha?

I-Hypoxemia iyisimo esisongela ukuphila. Ezimweni ezinjalo , kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha:

• Uma unezimpawu zokuntuleka koketshezi egazini, noma uma abanye bebona ushintsho olusheshayo ekuziphatheni kwakho noma ekuqondeni kwakho (ukungahlaliseki, ukudideka, ukuqonda okushintshile).
• Uma unesifo esiqhubekayo, futhi izimpawu zakho ezivamile ziba zimbi ngokuzumayo, noma uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha ocabanga ukuthi zingabangelwa ukuntuleka koshukela egazini.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma udokotela wakho ekutshela noma othandekayo wakho ukuthi une-hypoxemia, ungambuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe lokhu kuntuleka koshukela egazini kubangelwa esinye isimo sezokwelapha esiyisisekelo?
• Ngingasiphatha kanjani isimo sami ukuze nginciphise ingozi yokuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni?
• Ingabe lokhu kubangele umonakalo wezitho zomzimba noma ezinye izinkinga?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ezinganciphisa ingozi yokuntuleka koshukela egazini?
• Ingabe ukushintsha izinhlelo zami zokuhamba noma ukushintsha imithi yami kwandisa ingozi yami yokuntuleka koketshezi emzimbeni?

Ngamafuphi (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, ngamafuphi, i-hypoxemia yisimo lapho izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini liphansi. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi empilweni. Kodwa-ke, kungelashwa ngempumelelo uma ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.Ngezinye izikhathi, isibonelo, uma une-"Sleep Apnea", amazinga akho omoya-mpilo angase ehle ebusuku ngisho noma kungekho zimpawu ezinkulu. Uma lokhu kuqhubeka, kungalimaza inhliziyo yakho.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ingozi yakho nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uyivimbele. Uma unokungabaza, ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Hlala uphilile!

` I-Hypoxemia, ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, isifo samaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo, izinga lomoya-mpilo, i-cyanosis