Wake wesaba ukubona ingane yakho ihlushwa imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni wayo, ikakhulukazi imilenze yayo? Noma ingabe wena, njengomuntu omdala, waphawula amabala amancane abomvu esikhumbeni sakho futhi waphawula ukuthi izinsini zakho ziphuma igazi uma uxubha amazinyo akho? Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma ubona izinto ezinjengalezi. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, imbangela yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-ITP. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi iyini i-ITP, ukuthi kungani yenzeka, ingabe iyingozi, nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngayo, kalula nje, njengokungathi ukhuluma nomngane.
Iyini i-ITP kalula?
Nakuba leli gama lingase libonakale lide kancane, incazelo yalo ilula kakhulu. Ake silichaze kahle.
- I-Idiopathic : Incazelo elula yalokhu ithi "ayikho imbangela eyaziwayo."
- I-Thrombocytopenic: Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunokwehla kwenani lamaseli egazini lethu abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-thrombocytes'. Ngokuvamile siwabiza lawa ma-thrombocyte ngokuthi 'ama-platelet' .
- I-Purpura: Lokhu kubhekisela emihubheni ensomi ebangelwa ukopha ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Kalula nje, i-ITP yisimo esenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba wethu engasebenzi kahle, ebhubhisa ama-platelet, abalulekile ekuqineni kwegazi, futhi ebangela ukwehla kwenani lama-platelet.
Cabanga ngale ndlela: uma sithola isilonda noma ukulimala endaweni ethile emzimbeni wethu, laba basebenzi abancane ababizwa ngama-platelet bashesha ukumisa ukuphuma kwegazi bese bekufaka endaweni efana 'ne-plaster' ukuze bavale umgodi. Ku-ITP, okwenzekayo ukuthi amandla ethu okuzivikela (amasosha omzimba) acabanga ukuthi laba basebenzi abancane (ama-platelet) bayizitha zethu futhi abahlasele futhi ababhubhise. Bese inani lama-platelet egazini liyancipha. Yingakho ngisho nenxeba elincane lingayeki ukuphuma kwegazi, futhi kwakheka imihuzuko.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-ITP - indlela eveza ngayo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala ihlukile!
Indlela i-ITP ethuthuka ngayo ihluke kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lo mehluko.
| Isici | I-ITP Ebukhali Ezinganeni | I-ITP Engapheli Kwabantu Abadala |
|---|---|---|
| Ubudala obuvame kakhulu | Kuvamile ezinganeni ezincane eziphakathi kweminyaka engu-2-6. | Ngokuvamile kuthinta abantu abasebasha kanye nabantu abaseminyakeni ephakathi (abaneminyaka engu-20-50). Kuvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. |
| Isizathu | Kungavame ukwenzeka ngemva kwamasonto angu-1-4 ngemva kokutheleleka ngegciwane , njengomkhuhlane noma i-chickenpox. | Ngokuvamile akukho imbangela ethile engatholakala (idiopathic). Kungase kuhlotshaniswe nezinye izifo (isb. i-lupus). |
| Ubude besifo | Lokhu kungokwesikhashana (okuphuthumayo) futhi kuvame ukuxazululeka esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. | Lokhu kungamahlalakhona . Kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, ngezinye izikhathi kukho konke ukuphila. |
| Uhlobo lokuphulukiswa | Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-80% ziyalulama ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokwelashwa. | Ukululama okuzenzakalelayo akuvamile, futhi ukwelashwa kuvame ukudingeka ukulawula izimpawu. |
Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zalesi sifo?
Ukubalwa kwama-platelet aphansi kwandisa ingozi yokopha, ngakho-ke ungase ubone izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Ukuphuka okulula (i-Purpura): Ngisho noma kunokulimala okuncane, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela imihuzuko ensomi noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emzimbeni.
- I-Petechiae: Amabala abomvu noma ansomi abangelwa imithambo yegazi emincane ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Lawa avame ukubonakala emilenzeni.
- Ukopha ekhaleni.
- Izinsini eziphuma igazi uma uxubha amazinyo.
- Ukuya esikhathini okunzima kwabesifazane.
- Akuvamile ukuthi igazi lidlule ngendle noma ngomchamo.
- Isimo esingavamile kakhulu kodwa esiyingozi kakhulu: Ukopha okuya ebuchosheni (Intracranial Hemorrhage). Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma unezimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, ukuhlanza, nokudideka , kufanele uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
Ingabe lesi isimo esiyingozi? Ingabe kufanele sesabe ngempela?
Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo ngqo, i-ITP ayisona isifo esiyingozi kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane.
Izingane ezingaphezu kuka-80% ziyalulama ngokuphelele kulesi simo zingakapheli izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ezinganeni ezine-ITP, odokotela bavame ukuqapha lesi simo kuphela.
Kodwa-ke, i-ITP engamahlalakhona kubantu abadala ihlukile kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi ihlala isikhathi eside, ingathinta ikhwalithi yokuphila. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha namuhla ezingalawula ngempumelelo lesi simo.
Ingozi eyodwa neyinhloko lapha ukopha. Uma inani lama-platelet lehla liye ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu (isib., ngaphansi kuka-10,000), ingozi yokopha okukhulu iyanda. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala kanye nalabo abake baphuma igazi ngaphambilini. Yingakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Uma ubona udokotela onalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala azoyenza ukukubuza wena nomntwana wakho nganoma yiziphi izifo noma imithi eniyithathayo muva nje. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazohlola umzimba wakho futhi babheke noma yimiphi imivimbo noma amabala abomvu.
Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo okubaluleke kakhulu ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-FBC) .
- Kulo mbiko, inani lama-platelet libonisa inani eliphansi kakhulu .
- Kodwa-ke, inani lamaseli abomvu egazi kanye namaseli amhlophe egazi livamile.
I-ITP 'iwukuxilongwa kokukhishwa'. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ITP itholakala kuphela ngemva kokuba ezinye izimbangela zama-platelet aphansi (isib. udenga, i-leukemia, ezinye izifo ezizimele, imithi ethile) zisusiwe. Kwabanye asebekhulile, ukuhlolwa komnkantsha kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi umnkantsha ukhiqiza ama-platelet anele yini.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-ITP yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba ethu ebhubhisa khona ama-platelet egazini.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukushaqeka okungazelelwe, amabala abomvu esikhumbeni, kanye nokopha okuvela ezindaweni ezahlukene.
- I-ITP ezinganeni ivame ukuba yesikhashana, ingenzeka ngemva komkhuhlane wegciwane, futhi iphela yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
- I-ITP kubantu abadala ingaba yisifo esingamahlalakhona, kodwa ingalawulwa.
- Nakuba ingozi enkulu yalesi sifo ukopha, izinkinga ezinkulu njengokuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni azivamile.
- Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi bese ubona udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye neseluleko.
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