Wake waphawula ukuthi uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane, isikhumba esiphakathi kwezimbambo zesifuba siyangena lapho iphefumula? Noma kubonakala sengathi isifuba sayo siyashaya? Kujwayelekile ukuthi noma yimuphi umama noma ubaba abe novalo kancane uma ebona lokhu. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Intercostal Retractions kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sobunzima bokuphefumula. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngendlela elula necacile namuhla.
Kalula nje, yini i-Intercostal Retractions?
Ukuhoxa kwe-intercostal kwenzeka lapho imisipha nesikhumba esiphakathi kwezimbambo zakho kudonsa ngaphakathi uma uphefumula. Igama elithi 'Intercostal' libhekisela esikhaleni esiphakathi kwezimbambo ezimbili. Lokhu kuhoxa kwesifuba kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuvuvukala noma ukuvaleka kwamaphaphu, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
Cabanga ngale ndlela. Uma siphefumula ngendlela evamile, imisipha ephakathi kwesifuba nesisu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-diaphragm, iyadonsa phansi. Lokhu kudala ingcindezi engemihle ngaphakathi kwesifuba, bese umoya udonselwa emaphashini. Lokhu kufana nokudonsa umuthi esirinji. Kodwa kwenzekani uma indlela yokuphefumula, indlela umoya odlula ngayo, ivinjiwe noma incishiswa yi-mucus noma okunye? Ngisho noma i-diaphragm idonsa phansi, umoya owanele ungangena emaphashini.
Kufana nokuthi uvala uhlangothi olulodwa lotshani bese uncela kolunye uhlangothi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udonsa kanzima kangakanani, akukho lutho oluwela otshanini, kunalokho izinhlangothi zotshani ziyacwila. Yilokho okwenzeka ngaphakathi esifubeni. Ngenxa yokuthi umoya awungeni, imisipha nesikhumba sesifuba kuqala ukudonsa.
Lokhu kungaba yinto evamile ngemva kokugijima nokudlala, kodwa uma lesi sibonakaliso sivela lapho uphumule, ngaphandle kokuzikhandla, kuyisibonakaliso sobunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu zokuphelelwa umoya?
Ukuhoxa kwe-intercostal ukubonakala kwezikhala phakathi kwezimbambo. Kunjengokungathi izimbambo ziyadonswa. Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane ngoba zinamafutha amancane emzimbeni. Odokotela kungenzeka ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi bakutshele ukuthi ubheke ukuqina kwesifuba uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalesi sibonakaliso, kunezinye izimpawu eziningana ezingabonakala uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokuphefumula.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqhuma kwekhala | Amakhala avuleka futhi anciphe njalo lapho ephefumula. |
| Ukuphefumula okusheshayo (`Tachypnea`) | Inani lokuphefumula ngomzuzu likhula kakhulu ngokweminyaka. |
| Imisindo engavamile | Ukuphefumula noma umsindo onzima (stridor) esifubeni noma emphinjeni lapho uphefumula. |
| Ukuphelelwa umoya | Ukuzizwa noma ukubonakala sengathi uphelelwa umoya, ngisho nalapho ukhuluma. |
| Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukukhipha umoya | Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukukhipha umoya kunokuphefumula. |
Uma ubona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi lapho uhudula i-intercostal, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Thatha ingane noma umuntu uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze (ETU) ngokushesha.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhoxisa?
Yebo, lokhu kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi isikhumba esifubeni nasentanyeni sidonswa kuphi. Ngokusekelwe kuleyo ndawo, udokotela angathola umbono oqondile wokuthi indlela yokuphefumula ivinjiwe kuphi.
| Uhlobo lokuhoxa | Indawo lapho ungena khona | Imibukiso evame ukuboniswa |
|---|---|---|
| I-Intercostal | Phakathi kwezimbambo | Ukuvaleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophansi. |
| I-Subcostal | Ngaphansi kwekheji lezimbambo, indawo yesisu | Ukuvaleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophansi. |
| Okungaphansi komhlaba | Ngaphansi kwesifuba | Ukuvaleka komgudu wokuphefumula ophansi. |
| I-Suprasternal (`Ukuhudula kwe-Tracheal`) | Phakathi nentamo, ngaphezu kwengxenye ephakathi yethambo lesifuba | Ukuvaleka komoya okuphezulu. |
| I-Supraclavicular | Ngaphezulu kwethambo lentamo | Ukuvaleka komoya okuphezulu. |
Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zalesi simo?
Ukuhoxa kwe-intercostal kubangelwa ukuncishiswa noma ukuvaleka kwendlela yokuphefumula. Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningana.
- Ukwanda kwezifo ezifana ne-asthma noma i-COPD: Kulezi zimo, imigudu yomoya iyancipha, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
- Izifo zokuphefumula: Ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezifana negciwane elithi 'RSV', 'COVID-19', elivame kakhulu ezinganeni.
- Ukuvuvukala komgudu wokuphefumula: Izimo ezifana ne-'Bronchiolitis' (ukuvuvukala kwemigudu yomoya emincane), i-'Croup' (ukuvuvukala kwe-larynx), kanye ne-'Pneumonia' (i-pneumonia).
- Ukuvaleka: Ukuvaleka komgudu womoya ngenxa yokuthile okubhajwe emphinjeni (isib., ucezu lokudla, ithoyizi), ulwelwesi olujiyile, noma isimila.
- Ukusabela Okukhulu Kokungezwani Nomzimba (i-Anaphylaxis): Ukusabela okukhulu kokungezwani nomzimba ekudleni, emithini, noma ekutinyelweni yizinambuzane kungabangela ukuthi izindlela zomoya zivuvuke futhi zivaleke.
- Ezinye izimbangela: Ukukhubazeka kwe-vocal cord, i-diabetesic ketoacidosis, kanye nezimo ezingavamile njenge-Reye's syndrome.
Yikuphi ukwelashwa odokotela abakunikezayo ngalokhu?
Uma umuntu onenkinga yokuhoxa kwe-intercostal elethwa esibhedlela, umgomo wokuqala wodokotela ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuphefumula nokunikeza umzimba inani elidingekayo lomoya-mpilo. Kuye ngembangela, kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha.
- Ukwelashwa nge-oxygen: I-oxygen inikezwa ngepayipi lamakhala noma ngemaski yobuso.
- Ukwelashwa nge-nebulizer: Ukuphefumula umhwamuko wemithi, njenge-bronchodilators evula imigudu yomoya noma ama-corticosteroids anciphisa ukuvuvukala.
- Ukususa okuvimbekile: Ukususa into ebhajwe endleleni yokuphefumula.
- Umoya wokuphefumula omuhle: Uma ukuphefumula ngokwakho kunzima kakhulu, umshini uletha umoya noma umoya-mpilo ngomfutho ophezulu. Lokhu kungenziwa ngemaski yobuso efana ne-`CPAP` noma i-`BiPAP` noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ngokuxhuma kumshini wokuphefumula owenziwe (`umoya wokuphefumula wemishini`).
Phakathi nalokhu kwelashwa, udokotela angenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuthola imbangela eyinhloko yalesi simo.
- I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan.
- Ukuthatha i-nasal swab ukuze kutholakale izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
Yiziphi izingozi uma zingelashwa?
Uma isimo esiyisisekelo esibangela ukuhoxa kwe-intercostal singelashwa, isimo singaba sibi kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula,
- Ukuncipha kokunikezwa komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba (i-hypoxia).
- Ukwanda kwamazinga e-carbon dioxide egazini (hypercapnia).
- Izinkinga ezisongela ukuphila njengokwehluleka ukuphefumula ngokuphelele zingaba khona.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhoxa kwesikhumba phakathi kwezimbambo lapho uphefumula. Lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sobunzima bokuphefumula .
- Lesi sici singabonakala ngokucacile phakathi kwezingane ezincane nezinsana.
- Uma uzwa lesi sibonakaliso umi nje, ungazivocavoci, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
- Lesi simo singabangelwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene, njenge-asthma, i-pneumonia, noma into ethile evimba umgudu womoya.
- Ukwelashwa kuvula imigudu yokuphefumula futhi kunikeze umzimba umoya-mpilo owudingayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi uma ubona lesi simo futhi ufune iseluleko esifanele sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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