Ingabe iso elilodwa liyavaleka uma uphendulela amehlo akho eceleni? Ake sixoxe nge-Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO)!

Wake waphawula, noma wakubona, ukuthi uma uzama ukubheka ohlangothini olulodwa, elinye lamehlo akho libonakala libheke kolunye uhlangothi esikhundleni salelo cala? Noma ingabe iso elilodwa liyama phakathi bese kuba elinye iso kuphela eliya ohlangothini? Lokhu kungaba yinto ephazamisayo nengakhululekile. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesizathu esisodwa esingaba khona salokhu, okuyisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-'Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia' noma i-'(INO)'. Ungakhathazeki, ake sikuchaze kalula.

Kuyini i-INO? (Kuyini i-INO?)

Kalula nje, igama elithi `Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO)` yigama lezokwelapha lesimo lapho elinye lamehlo akho (ngezinye izikhathi womabili amehlo) lingaphenduki ngokuphelele kulolo hlangothi uma uzama ukubheka ohlangothini. Isibonelo, uma uzama ukubheka ngakwesokudla, iso lakho lesobunxele liyama phakathi, lingadluli ekhaleni lakho. Noma uma uzama ukubheka kwesobunxele, iso lakho lesokudla liyama.

Uma sihlaziya incazelo yaleli gama kancane, elithi "Internuclear" libhekisela endleleni izikhungo zemizwa (i-nuclei) ezisebenza ngayo ndawonye. Igama elithi "Ophthalmoplegia" libhekisela ekukhubazekeni kwemisipha yamehlo. Ngakho-ke, ku-`(INO)`, kukhona umonakalo othile endleleni ekhethekile yemizwa (ebizwa ngokuthi i-`Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus`) evela ebuchosheni eqondisa ukunyakaza kwamehlo ethu. Le ndlela yemizwa ifana nohlelo lwezintambo zendlu. Asiyinaki kakhulu kuze kube yilapho isebenza kahle, kodwa kuphela lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle ngayo lapho siqaphela khona ukubaluleka kwayo.

I-INO ingathinta iso elilodwa kuphela (i-INO ezinhlangothini zombili) noma womabili amehlo ngesikhathi esisodwa (i-INO ezinhlangothini zombili).

Okubalulekile: Ngezinye izikhathi lesi simo esithi "INO" singaba uphawu lwesimo esibucayi nesisongela ukuphila, njengesihlava sohlangothi. Uma wena noma othile omaziyo eba nalezi zinguquko zamehlo kanye nezimpawu zesihlava sohlangothi (isib. ukugoba kwejwabu leso, ukungazweli engalweni noma emlenzeni, ubunzima bokukhuluma), kufanele ushayele u-911 ngokushesha bese uya esibhedlela.

Abanye abantu bayalulama ngokuphelele ku-INO. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu impilo yabo yonke. Ubude besikhathi esithathwayo ukuze balulame buxhomeke kakhulu embangela eyinhloko ye-INO.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-INO? (Ziyini izimpawu ze-INO?)

Uphawu oluyinhloko nolusobala kakhulu ukuthi iso elilodwa aliphenduki kahle uma ubheka eceleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okulandelayo kungenzeka:

• Ukubona okukabili (i-Diplopia): Lokhu kubonakala kakhulu uma ubheka eceleni. Kwabanye abantu, kungenzeka futhi uma ubheka phezulu. Cabanga, kuthiwani uma uhamba emgwaqweni bese ubona konke kukabili ngokuzumayo? Bekungeke kukhululeke kakhulu, akunjalo?
• Ukubona okufiphele noma okuphazamisekile: Izinto ezibonakala ngokucacile zingase zibonakale zifiphele.
• Isiyezi: Ngenxa yokuthi amehlo awasebenzi ndawonye, ​​​​izinkinga zokulinganisela zingavela futhi zingase zizwakale sengathi isiyezi.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo (i-nystagmus) okungahlobene nendlela yokubona kungabonakala.

Kungani kwenzeka i-INO? Ziyini izimbangela?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, i-IOP ibangelwa ukulimala kwe-Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF), i-nerve fiber tract elawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo ethu. Le MLF ithwala imizwa elawula ukunyakaza kwekhanda namehlo ethu (kufaka phakathi i-cranial nerve yesithathu, i-Oculomotor nerve). Kufana "nohlelo lwekhebula" oluyinkimbinkimbi emzimbeni wethu.

Abanye abantu baba ne-INO ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi esilimaza i-brainstem. I-brainstem yingxenye yobuchopho engezansi exhumanisa ubuchopho bethu nomgogodla (uhlelo lwemicu yezinzwa oluhamba phansi komgogodla). Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesistimu yethu yezinzwa ephakathi.

Izizathu ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:

Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko ezibangela `(INO)`:

• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS): Lesi yisifo esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuthinta ngqo i-brainstem.
• Ukopha: Ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwemithambo Yemithambo (AVM): Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni.
• I-Encephalitis: Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okubangelwa izifo ezahlukahlukene, njengesifo se-Lyme, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, kanye ne-Herpes Zoster (igciwane elibangela i-chickenpox kanye ne-shingles).
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu (i-TBI) ukulimala kobuchopho okubangelwa ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda .
• Izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba: Izifo ezihlasela amangqamuzana omzimba, njenge-lupus kanye ne-Sjögren's syndrome.

I-INO ihlolwa kanjani?

Udokotela uzoxilonga i-INO ngokuyinhloko ngokuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Uzobheka amehlo akho futhi abheke ukuthi anyakaza kanjani. Bazokucela ukuthi ubheke kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye, phezulu naphansi. Lokhu kuzosiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iso elilodwa liyanyakaza yini lingahambisani nelinye.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma unesifo esifana nesifo sohlangothi noma ukulimala ekhanda, lesi simo singatholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngaleso sikhathi.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Udokotela wakho kungadingeka enze okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu okulandelayo ukuze anqume ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo endleleni yezinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF):

• Ukuskena kwe-MRI (i-MRI - i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) .
• Iskeni se-CT (i-CT - Iskeni se-Computed Tomography)

Uma lezi ziskeni zinganikezi ulwazi olucacile, udokotela angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kungathola izifo noma ezinye izinkinga ezingase zithinte ubuchopho.
• Ukubhoboza Umgogodla/Ukushaya Ithambo: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yoketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla (uketshezi lomgogodla). Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-INO?

Ukwelashwa kwe-(INO) kuncike esibangweni. Udokotela wakho uzokwelapha imbangela eyisisekelo kunokwelapha isimo ngokwaso.

Cabanga nje, uma imbangela ye-`(INO)` iwukushaywa yisifo sohlangothi noma isifo esifana ne-multiple sclerosis`(MS)`, kungadinga ukwelashwa kwesikhathi eside - mhlawumbe impilo yonke.

Uma i-`(INO)` ibangelwa ukutheleleka, isimo se-`(INO)` sivame ukuthuthuka uma ukutheleleka sekwelashwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma izimpawu ziqhubeka, udokotela wakho angakunika umjovo we-botulinum toxin ukuze akhulule imisipha ezungeze amehlo akho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukubona kabili (i-diplopia) kanye nokudikiza kwamehlo okuzenzakalelayo (i-nystagmus).

Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela ukuthi yiluphi ukwelashwa okudingayo nokuthi yini ongayilindela ekwelashweni.

Ingabe i-INO ingavinjelwa?

Eqinisweni, kunzima ukuvimbela lesi simo ngokuphelele ngoba izimbangela (ezifana nezimo eziphuthumayo, izifo) ezibangela lokhu zenzeka ngokuzumayo nangokungalindelekile.

Kodwa ngokuvamile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugqoka izibuko zokuzivikela kanye nemishini yokuzivikela efanele uma usebenza ngamathuluzi noma wenza imisebenzi engabangela ukulimala ekhanda noma emehlweni. Lokhu kuzosiza ngandlela thile ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, okungenye yezimbangela ze-INO.

Amehlo kufanele ahlolwe nini?

Ngokuhlola amehlo akho njalo kanye nokubona kwakho, udokotela wakho wamehlo angakwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi. Ukuvama kokuhlolwa kwamehlo ngokuvamile kuyahlukahluka kuye ngeminyaka yakho:

• Abantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40: Njalo eminyakeni emi-5 noma eyi-10.
• Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-54: Njalo eminyakeni emi-2 noma emi-4.
• Abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-55 no-64: Njalo ngonyaka ongu-1 kuya kwemi-3. (Isihloko sokuqala sasinohlu lwephutha oluthi 55-54, kufanele lulungiswe lube ngu-55-64)
• Abantu abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu: Njalo ngonyaka noma njalo eminyakeni emibili.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo, njengesifo sikashukela, esithinta indlela ubuchopho bakho obulawula ngayo amehlo akho, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho kaningi kunalokhu. Buza udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa amehlo akho kangaki.

Yini umuntu one-INO angayilindela?

I-INO ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yinkinga yesikhashana, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu kukho konke ukuphila kwabo. Konke kuncike ekutheni yini ebangele ukuthi i-INO ivele kwasekuqaleni. I-INO ingaba isikhathi eside ezimweni ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis (MS) noma izifo ezithile zokuzivikela komzimba.

Abantu abathola `(INO)` ngenxa yokutheleleka bavame ukuphola ngemva kokuba ukutheleleka sekuphelile, futhi akukho miphumela yesikhathi eside.

Uma uke waba nesifo sohlangothi, ukopha kwegazi, noma ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, noma uma une-multiple sclerosis (MS), kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nezimpawu zesikhathi eside. Ukuthi amehlo akho nokubona kwakho kuzolulama kanjani kuncike ekutheni igazi eliya ebuchosheni bakho kanye nasezinzwa zakho linqanyuliwe isikhathi esingakanani.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalokho ongakulindela nokuthi ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu zakho.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha nje lapho ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko emehlweni noma embonweni wakho.

Futhi, uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo , iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha:

• Uma ungakwazi ukuhambisa amehlo akho.
• Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo (ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye).
• Uma unesifo esibuhlungu kakhulu emehlweni.
• Uma uqala ukubona ukukhanya okusha noma ukuntanta phambi kwamehlo akho.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uya kudokotela, ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Lo mphumela uzohlala isikhathi esingakanani emehlweni ami?
• Ingabe umbono wami uzoshintsha unomphela?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa engiludingayo?
• Kufanele ngihlolwe amehlo ami kangaki esikhathini esizayo?

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-INO ne-Strabismus?

(INO) kubangelwa ukulimala kwendlela yezinzwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) kanye nezinzwa ezilawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo.

I-Strabismus yigama elijwayelekile lanoma yisiphi isimo lapho amehlo engenakukwazi ukugcinwa ekhomba ohlangothini olulodwa. Ngokuvamile, imisipha eyisithupha elawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo ethu isebenza ndawonye ukuze iphendule womabili amehlo ohlangothini olulodwa. Abantu abane-strabismus banenkinga yokulawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo ngenxa yesimo esithile esithinta leyo misipha. Ngakho-ke, i-strabismus iyinkinga yezinzwa, kanti i-strabismus iyisimo esibanzi, esivame ukuba semisipha.

Kuyini i-Pseudo-INO? (Kuyini i-Pseudo-INO?)

`Pseudo-INO` (okusho ukuthi "i-INO engamanga") nayo ikhombisa izimpawu ezifana ne-`(INO)`. Kodwa-ke, yisimo esihlukile esithinta amehlo.

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-'Pseudo-INO' yisifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Myasthenia Gravis. Lokhu '(i-Myasthenia Gravis)' kubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma lobu buthakathaka buthinta imisipha ezungeze amehlo, ungase ungakwazi ukulawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ubuthakathaka obusha bemisipha, bheka udokotela.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) yisimo esithinta ikhono lamehlo akho lokuhamba kahle ndawonye. Ngokuvamile sibangelwa yisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha noma ingozi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela yezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukwelashwa okufanele. Ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo phakathi nalolu hambo. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo nokwelashwa okufanele, lesi simo singaphathwa.

i- internuclear ophthalmoplegia, i-INO, ukunyakaza kwamehlo, ukubona okuphindwe kabili, i-diplopia, isifo sohlangothi, imizwa ye-cranial