Uma sizwa igama elithi isifo senhliziyo noma ukuvimba kwenhliziyo, iningi lethu lizizwa lisaba ngokushesha. Into elandelayo esicabanga ngayo ukuhlinzwa okukhulu njengokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass. Ukucabanga ngokuchitha izinsuku esibhedlela, isikhathi sokululama, kanye nobuhlungu kusenza sithuthumele, akunjalo? Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ngenxa yesayensi yezokwelapha ethuthukisiwe namuhla, izifo eziningi zenhliziyo zingelashwa ngaphandle kokwenza ukusika okukhulu, ngokufaka ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) ngembobo encane esihlakaleni noma esinqeni? Leyo nqubo yezokwelapha emangalisayo nephephile kakhulu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Interventional Cardiology . Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kalula kakhulu, ukuze uqonde.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Interventional Cardiology?
Cabanga ukuthi ipayipi lamanzi endlini yakho ligcwele uthuli. Manje amanzi ageleza kancane kakhulu. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulungisa lokhu. Eyokuqala ukuphula udonga, ukukhipha ipayipi, bese ufaka ipayipi elisha. Lokhu kuwumsebenzi omningi, othuli, onomsindo, odla isikhathi, futhi obizayo. Enye indlela ukuthi, ngaphandle kokuphula udonga, ufaka idivayisi encane efana nentambo kolunye uhlangothi lwepayipi, ususe uthuli oluvaliwe, bese uhlanza indlela. Kulula kangakanani lokhu? Yilokho okwenzekayo ku-Interventional Cardiology.
Ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile kwendabuko kuyindlela enkulu yokuhlinzwa ehilela ukuphula udonga. I-Interventional Cardiology inqubo yokuhlinzwa ehilela ukuhlanza inhliziyo ngethuluzi elibucayi ngaphandle kokuphula udonga.
Leli elinye igatsha elithuthukile lomkhakha wezokwelapha elibizwa ngokuthi i-Cardiology. Lapha, odokotela, okungukuthi i-Interventional Cardiologists , basebenzisa amashubhu amancane kakhulu, aguquguqukayo abizwa ngokuthi ama-catheter ukuxilonga nokwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Lokhu akudingi ukusikwa okukhulu. Le catheter ifakwa emzimbeni ngenaliti encane efakwe emthanjeni wegazi engalweni noma endukwini. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ukwelashwa "okuncane okungenayo" .
Yiziphi izinzuzo zale ndlela ngaphezu kokuhlinzwa okukhulu kwenhliziyo?
Le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningana kunokuhlinzwa kokukhulisa amabele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ukwazi lokhu.
| Inzuzo | Lokho kusho... (Kusho ukuthini...) |
|---|---|
| Ukusikwa okuncane kakhulu (Ukusikwa okuncane) | Esikhundleni sokusikwa okukhulu, kukhona ukubhoboza kwenaliti kuphela. Lokho kuzophola ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Ngeke kube nesidingo sokuthungwa. |
| Ingozi encane yokopha (Ingozi ephansi yokulahlekelwa igazi) | Njengoba kungekho ukusikwa okukhulu, akukho gazi eliningi eliphuma emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, isidingo sokumpontshelwa igazi ngaphandle naso singavamile kakhulu. |
| Uphole ngokushesha (Isikhathi sokululama esisheshayo) | Kungathatha amasonto, ngisho nezinyanga, ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngemva kokuhlinzwa okukhulu. Kodwa ngale ndlela, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi evamile zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. |
| Isikhathi esichithwa esibhedlela sifushane. (Ukuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi esifushane) | Esikhathini esiningi, kufanele uhlale esibhedlela usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili kuphela ngemva kwalolu hlobo lokwelashwa, futhi ungase ukwazi ngisho nokuya ekhaya ngalolo suku. |
Yini ngempela eyenziwa yi-Interventional Cardiologist?
Umgomo oyinhloko walaba odokotela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi leyo exhumene nenhliziyo yakho, isebenza kahle. Njengamaphoyisa omgwaqo emgwaqweni, bathola ukuvinjelwa emithanjeni yegazi, bathole imbangela, bese beyisusa ukuze babuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi okuvamile.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, laba odokotela abenzi ukuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile njengodokotela abahlinza inhliziyo. Wonke umsebenzi wabo wenziwa nge-catheter.
Ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu i-angioplasty kanye ne-stenting.
Lolu uhlobo lokwelashwa oluvame kakhulu kulo mkhakha. Luhlobo lokwelashwa oluphuthumayo olwenziwa ukusindisa izimpilo, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.
1. Ukuhlonza ukuvaleka: Okokuqala, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okubizwa ngokuthi i-angiogram ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvaleka kwenye yemithambo yenhliziyo enikeza igazi enhliziyweni yakho.
2. Ukufaka i-catheter:Ngemuva kwalokho, i-catheter encane idluliselwa ngomthambo ongalweni noma esithweni sakho sokugaya ukudla bese ingena emthanjeni wegazi osenhliziyweni yakho. Ngeke uyizwe ngisho.
3. I-Angioplasty: Kukhona ibhaluni elincane ekugcineni kwe-catheter. Lapho udokotela efika endaweni evinjiwe, ibhaluni liyavuvukala. Ungqimba lwe-cholesterol oluvinjiwe lube selunamathela odongeni lomthambo, luvule indlela yokuthi igazi liphinde ligeleze.
4. Ukufaka i-stenting ukuze kugcinwe indlela ivulekile: Njengoba indlela evulwa ngebhaluni ingaphinde ivaleke, kufakwa ithubhu elincane elinothi elibizwa ngokuthi i-stent endaweni ukuze liyivimbele. Lokhu kufana nokusekela umhubhe osuzowa. Le stent igcina umthambo wegazi uvulekile.
Le nqubo ingenziwa ngokushesha kumuntu ohlaselwa yinhliziyo, ukunciphisa umonakalo enhliziyweni nokusindisa izimpilo.
Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo kanye nokwelashwa okwenziwa ngale ndlela?
Ngaphezu kwe-angioplasty kanye nokufakwa kwe-stent, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ezinye izimo eziningana. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo.
| Igama lokwelashwa/lokuhlolwa | Kwenzekani ngalokhu? |
|---|---|
| Ukufakwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo | Lesi yisilingo esilula kakhulu. I-catheter ifakwa emakamelweni enhliziyo nasemithanjeni yegazi ukuze kulinganiswe izinto ezifana nokucindezela, ukugeleza kwegazi, kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo. |
| Ukuhlinzwa kwe-atherectomy | Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ungqimba lwe-cholesterol lulukhulu kakhulu, kunzima ukuluqinisa ngebhaluni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ungqimba luyakhuhlwa ngedivayisi encane efana ne-blade edlula nge-catheter. |
| Ukuvalwa kwe-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | Imbobo enhliziyweni ekhona lapho kuzalwa (isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso) ayidingi ipayipi lesifuba. Idivayisi encane efana "nesambulela" ingadluliswa nge-catheter ukuze ivale imbobo. |
| Ukufakwa Nokulungiswa Kwevalvu Yenhliziyo | Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni ama-valve enhliziyo lapho eba mancane noma evuza. I-TAVI/TAVR iyindlela yokwelapha ethandwayo yalesi simo. |
| I-Thrombolysis | Uma ihlule legazi linamathele ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi, i-catheter ingasetshenziswa ukuya endaweni yehlule bese ijova umuthi owuncibilikisayo. |
Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho ungathunyelwa khona kudokotela wenhliziyo ojwayelekile?
Uma udokotela womndeni wakho noma isazi senhliziyo esijwayelekile sisola ukuthi unenkinga ngenhliziyo noma ngemithambo yegazi yakho, bangakudlulisela kudokotela wenhliziyo ongenelelayo ukuze bathole ukuthi iyini ngempela noma ukuze ayiphathe.
Usizo lwabo luvame ukudingwa ezimweni zezokwelapha ezilandelayo:
- I-atherosclerosis: Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lokhu kusho ukuthi i-cholesterol inqwabelana ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, okwenza kube lula ukudlula.
- Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni. Lokhu kubangela ubuhlungu besifuba (i-angina).
- Isifo Se-Heart Valve: Ama -valve enhliziyo awasebenzi kahle.
- Izimo Zenhliziyo Ezizalwa Nazo: Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okukhona lapho kuzalwa (njengezimbobo enhliziyweni).
- Isifo Semithambo Yezinzwa Engaphazamisi: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye ezingalweni nasemilenzeni.
- Ama-Aneurysms: Ukuvuvukala okufana nebhaluni emthanjeni wegazi.
- Amahlule egazi: Amahlule egazi.
Kodwa khumbula, le ndlela ayifanele wonke umuntu ogulayo. Kuye ngesimo sakho, ukuhlinzwa okukhulu kungaba yisisombululo esingcono kakhulu. Leso sinqumo sizokwenziwa udokotela okuxilongayo.
Futhi, uma unesifo senhliziyo esingazelelwe, ungangeniswa ngqo e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela, lapho ungase welashwe khona ngudokotela wenhliziyo ojwayelekile.
Yini okufanele uyilindele uma uya kudokotela?
Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile uma uya kudokotela ochwepheshe onjengalona. Kodwa ungesabi.
Okokuqala, udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho. Ubuhlungu besifuba buqale nini, buzwakala kanjani, futhi sebuqhubeke isikhathi esingakanani? Bese, bazobuza ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini emndenini wakho onesifo senhliziyo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi oyiphuzayo.Lokho kusho ukuthi akugcini nje ngokuthatha imithi kadokotela, kodwa futhi nemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu etholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, amavithamini, kanye nemithi yendabuko (umuthi wesiSinhala) oyisebenzisa ekhemisi, futhi udinga ukuyitshela yonke. Into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukuyibhala phansi yonke.
Udokotela uzokuxilonga. Uzokwenza izivivinyo ezilula njengokulalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope nokukala umfutho wegazi lakho.
Uma udinga i-catheterization noma ukwelashwa, kuzokwenziwa ngosuku oluhlukile (ngaphandle uma kuyisimo esiphuthumayo). Ngaphambi kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzokuchazela inqubo, okuhlanganisa izinzuzo kanye nezingozi ezincane ezingaba khona, kanye nendlela yokuyilungiselela.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Interventional Cardiology iyindlela ethuthukisiwe yokwelapha izifo zenhliziyo. Esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa okukhulu kwenhliziyo, ukwelashwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ipayipi elincane kakhulu (i-catheter).
- Izinzuzo zale ndlela ziwukunciphisa ubuhlungu, ukululama okusheshayo, ukuncipha kokulala esibhedlela, kanye nokungabi namanxeba amakhulu.
- Izimo eziningi, njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, imithambo yegazi evalekile, izinkinga zamavalvu enhliziyo, kanye nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho, zingelashwa ngempumelelo ngale ndlela.
- Uma unesifo senhliziyo, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi lolu hlobo lokwelashwa lukulungele yini. Ungesabi ukubuza noma yimiphi imibuzo onayo.
- Esikhundleni sokwesaba uma uzwa ngesifo senhliziyo, ukuqaphela izindlela zokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe ezitholakalayo namuhla kuzokunika amandla amakhulu engqondo.
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