Izimuncagazi Zamathumbu kanye Nezinye Izimuncagazi Ezikhathazayo? Ake sithole ukuthi ziyini ngempela!

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzwa ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqunjelwa, noma umuzwa wokugcwala? Mhlawumbe awuqapheli nokuthi imbangela yalokhu kungaba yizinambuzane ezincane nezicasulayo ezihlala emathunjini akho. Nakuba leli gama lingase lizwakale lithusa kancane uma ulizwa, uma unolwazi olufanele ngalo, akuyona inkinga enkulu kithi. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalezi zinambuzane zamathumbu (`Izimbungulu Zamathumbu`).

Ziyini lezi zinambuzane zamathumbu?

Kalula nje, izimuncagazi zamathumbu ziyizinto eziphilayo ezincane, ezineseli elilodwa ezihlala emathunjini akho. Imuncagazi yinto ephilayo emzimbeni wenye into (umnikazi) futhi ithola ukondleka kwayo kanye nendawo yokukhosela kulowo muntu ohlala kuyo. Cabanga ngayo njengeqembu lezimuncagazi ezivele zingamenywanga, zihlale emizimbeni yethu, bese ziphila ngokudla neziphuzo zethu.

Lezi zimbungulu zisebenzisa umzimba wombungulu ukuzala nokuzama ukuthola umbungulu olandelayo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimbungulu azisisizi ngalutho . Kunalokho, zisibangela izimpawu ezahlukene ezingakhululekile, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezimuncagazi lezi?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinambuzane zamathumbu: izimpethu ezibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Helminth' kanye nezinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa ezibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Protozoa'.

I-Helminths (izibungu ezidla amathumbu)

Ama-Helminth ayiqembu lezibungu ezidla ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlanganisa izibungu ezizungezile (ezinomzimba ojikelezayo) kanye nezibungu ezisicaba (ezinomzimba osicaba). Nakuba zikhula kahle emizimbeni yethu, ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuzala ngaphakathi kwethu. Kunalokho, zibeka amaqanda, adluliselwa emizimbeni yethu endle yethu. Bese kuthi, lapho abanye abantu behlangana nala maqanda ngokungazi (isibonelo, ngokudla ngezandla ezingcolile), ziba yizivakashi ezintsha, futhi uhlobo lwezibungu luyaqhubeka.

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezibungu zamathumbu:

• Izikelemu ze-Pinworm (noma i-enterobiasis): Lezi izikelemu ezifana nentambo. Zidluliselwa ngokuthinta indawo lapho kutholakala khona amaqanda ezikelemu ze-pinworm bese ziwafaka emlonyeni wakho. Amaqanda achanyuselwa emathunjini akho amancane. Abesifazane babekela amaqanda azungeze indunu ebusuku. Lokhu kungabangela ukulunywa nxazonke kwendunu . Ngakho-ke, uma uklwebha leyo ndawo bese uthinta enye indawo ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho, amaqanda azodluliselwa lapho futhi, okuyiyona ndlela esakazeka ngayo. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane.

• Izikelemu eziyindilinga (`Ascaris` noma `ascariasis`):Uma zibukwa nge-microscope, lezi zibungu zibukeka njengezibungu ezincane. Zizalana uma zithinta inhlabathi engcolile bese zigwinya amaqanda enhlabathini. "Umhlabathi ongcolile" kusho ukuthi indle equkethe amaqanda ezibungu ixutshwe nenhlabathi. Lesi simo singabonakala ezindaweni lapho kunezindlu zangasese ezimbalwa khona futhi abantu bezikhulula endaweni evulekile. Futhi, lezi zibungu ze-'Ascaris' zingadluliselwa ngemifino nezithelo ezikhuliswe kusetshenziswa indle yabantu njengomanyolo.

• Izikelemu (noma i-trichuriasis): Lezi zikelemu ziqanjwa ngesimo sazo esifana nesesikelemu. Njenge-Ascaris, izikelemu zidluliselwa ngokudla amaqanda atholakala enhlabathini engcolile.

• Ama-hookworm (Ancylostomiasis): Ama-hookworm anekhanda elifana ne-hook. Yile ndlela anamathela ngayo odongeni lwamathumbu ethu futhi amunce igazi. Njenge-Ascaris nama-whipworm, ama-hookworm asatshalaliswa enhlabathini engcolile. Umehluko lapha ukuthi amaqanda asenhlabathini akhula abe yizibungu. Uma uhamba ngezinyawo emhlabathini , lawa ma-hookworm angangena emzimbeni wakho ngesikhumba sakho.

• I-Strongyloides (noma i-strongyloidiasis): Lezi zibungu zidluliselwa ngokuthintana nomhlabathi ongcolile. Zingadliwa ngomlomo, noma zingangena ngesikhumba uma uhamba ungagqokile izicathulo. Ngokungafani nezinye izibungu ze-helminth, i-Strongyloides ingazalana futhi ngaphakathi kwesilwane.

• Izikelemu ezithambile (noma i-taeniasis): Lezi zikelemu zinomzimba ofana ne-tape, ohlukaniswe ngezigaba. Zihlala ezindaweni zokugaya ukudla zabantu nezilwane (izingulube, izinkomo, izinhlanzi). Uma udla ingulube engaphekiwe kahle, inyama yenkomo, noma inhlanzi, ungadla amaqanda noma izibungu. Noma, ungathola izikelemu ezithambile ngokuthinta indawo enamaqanda bese uwafaka emlonyeni wakho.

• I-Trichinella (noma i-trichinosis): I-Trichinella idluliselwa ngendlela efanayo nezikelemu ezithambile. Lesi sikelemu esiyindilinga sidluliselwa ngokudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle evela esilwaneni esinegciwane (ngokuvamile izingulube).

• Ama-Flukes: Lezi zifo ze-flatworm zingatholakala ngokuphuza amanzi angcolile noma ukudla izitshalo zasemanzini noma izinhlanzi ezithelelekile. Izinhlobo ezihlala emathunjini ethu zifaka phakathi i-Fasciolopsis buski (ebangela i-fasciolopsiasis) kanye ne-Heterophyes (ebangela i-heterophysisis).

Izinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa (`iProtozoa`)

Njenge-helminth, lezi zidalwa ezineseli elilodwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-protozoa zidluliselwa lapho ngisho nenani elincane lamaqanda azo ligwinywa. Zivame ukudluliselwa ngamanzi angcolile noma izithelo nemifino engcolile. Kodwa-ke, i-protozoa ingazalana futhi ngaphakathi komuntu.

Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-protozoa:

• I-Giardia (`Giardia` - lokhu kubangela isifo `giardiasis`)
• I-Entamoeba histolytica (ebangela i-amebiasis)
• I-Cyclospora (`i-Cyclospora` - lokhu kubangela i-`cyclosporiasis`)
• I-Cryptosporidium (`Cryptosporidium` - lokhu kubangela 'i-cryptosporidiosis`)
• Izinhlobo ze-Blastocystis (`Izinhlobo ze-Blastocystis` - lokhu kubangela 'i-Blastocystosis`)
• I-Cystoisospora belli (ibangela i-cystoisosporiasis)

Yisiphi isidalwa esivame kakhulu?

Ngokusho kwe-World Health Organization (WHO), cishe abantu abangu-25% emhlabeni banesifo samathumbu esibangelwa yizinambuzane. Lesi sibalo siphezulu ngamaphesenti angu-50 ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, lapho ukufinyelela kwamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokuhlanzeka kuphansi khona. Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu okuvame kakhulu emhlabeni wonke yisifo sezikelemu eziyindilinga (i-ascariasis). Sithinta abantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyinkulungwane emhlabeni jikelele.

E-United States, izifo ezivame kakhulu ze-protozoan yilezo ezibangelwa yi-parasite i-Giardia. Izikelemu ze-Pin ziyizikelemu zamathumbu ezivame kakhulu lapho. Lezi zimo zingabonakala nasezweni lethu ngezinga elincane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho inhlanzeko ingabalulekile khona.

Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane?

Ezinye izifo azibonisi zimpawu, ngakho-ke ungase ungazi nokuthi une-parasite. Uma kuvela izimpawu, ukuthi ziyini zizoncika ohlotsheni lwe-parasite osutheleleke ngayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile zezilokazane zamathumbu yilezi:

• Uhudo - indle ekhululekile
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubuhlungu begesi negesi
• Ukuqunjelwa - ukuqunjelwa
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukulunywa yindunu ( ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezikelemu)

Ingabe lezi zimbungulu ziyadlula kanye nendle? Zingabonakala yini endlini yangasese?

Ngokuvamile, amaqanda ezibungu ezidla ezinye izilwane akhishwa kanye nendle, kodwa izibungu ngokwazo azivamile ukuphuma. Amaqanda mancane kangangokuthi adinga ukubonwa nge-microscope.

Kodwa-ke, izikelemu ezithambile zihlukile kancane. Ngezinye izikhathi izingxenye zomzimba zesikelemu, kanye namaqanda, zingadluliselwa esitulweni. Ngemuva kwalokho uzobona izingcezu ezincane endlini yangasese ezibukeka njengezinhlayiya zelayisi ezimhlophe ezinamathele esitulweni.

Lezi zifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane zenzeka kanjani?

Indlela ama-parasite adluliselwa ngayo ingahluka kusuka ku-parasite kuya ku-parasite. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bathola ama-parasite amathumbu ngokudla amaqanda ama-parasite adluliselwa endle. La maqanda mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi ungase ungaqapheli nokuthi uyawagwinya.

Nazi ezinye izindlela ongathola ngazo izifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane emathunjini:

• Ukuphuza amanzi angcolile: Kusukela emithonjeni yamanzi okuphuza kahulumeni nawangasese, emachibini okubhukuda, emifuleni, emachibini, njll.
• Ukudla ukudla okungcolile: Ukudla imifino nezithelo ezihlanziwe ngamanzi angcolile, noma ukudla izinto ezikhule enhlabathini engcolile. Kungatholakala futhi ngokudla inyama eluhlaza noma engaphekiwe kahle nenhlanzi equkethe igciwane.
• Ukufaka iminwe yakho emlonyeni: Amanye amaqanda e-parasite angaphila ezindaweni ezahlukene isikhashana. Ungangenwa yileli gciwane uma uthinta indawo enjalo bese ufaka isandla sakho emlonyeni. Kuye ngokuthi i-parasite iyini, lezi zindawo zingaba imibhede, uboya bezilwane ezifuywayo, ngisho nesikhumba somuntu.
• Ukuhamba ungafake zicathulo enhlabathini engcolile: Izibungu zezinye izibungu zamathumbu zingangena emzimbeni wakho ngesikhumba sakho uma uhamba ungafake zicathulo enhlabathini lapho zihlala khona.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zifo?

Ingozi yakho yokuthola ukutheleleka okuvela ku-parasite (nokuyisakaza komunye umuntu) incike ekutheni uhlala kuphi kanye nemikhuba yakho yansuku zonke.

Ukutheleleka kungenzeka kakhulu ezindaweni ezinjengalezi:

• Izindawo ezinezimo zezulu ezifudumele nezinomswakama: ikakhulukazi izindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo, njenge-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara, i-Asia, iLatin America, kanye neCaribbean. (Isibungu esithi `Strongyloides` sivame kakhulu ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States kanye nasezindaweni zasemakhaya zase-Appalachian.)
• Izindawo ezinezindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezilinganiselwe.
• Izindawo lapho kungekho khona izindawo zokuhlanzeka zomphakathi ezanele.
• Izindawo lapho abantu abaningi bahlala khona ndawonye.
• Izindawo lapho abantu behlala khona eduze nezilwane zasemapulazini.

Le mikhuba ingandisa ingozi yakho:

• Ukuzikhulula okuvulekile (ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezindawo zokuhlanzeka zomphakathi ezanele).
• Ukusebenzisa indle yabantu njengomanyolo.
• Ukuhamba ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezimbadada endaweni enobungozi obukhulu.
• Ukuzibandakanya ocansini olungavikelekile ngomlomo-ngendunu noma ngomthondo-ngendunu endaweni enobungozi obukhulu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokutheleleka yizinambuzane?

Uma unesisindo esikhulu se-parasite, ungase ube nezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu. Uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka noma ukhulelwe , usengozini enkulu. Kuye ngokuthi i-parasite injani, uma ingelashwa, izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ( ngenxa yohudo olunzima)
• Ukungondleki kahle
• I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi
• Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu
• I-Appendicitis
• Ukungena ngaphakathi (ukungena ngaphakathi kwamathumbu)
• I-Cholangitis
• I-Cholecystitis
• I-Pancreatitis
• I-Peritonitis (ukutheleleka kwesisu)
• Uhudo
• Ukwehla kwe-rectal
• Umonakalo wangaphakathi kwezitho zomzimba (uma isibungu se-tapeworm siya ebuchosheni, emehlweni, enhliziyweni, emaphashini, noma esibindini)

Uzibona kanjani lezi ngqo?

Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzokwenza ukuhlolwa kwendle ukuhlola amaqanda ezinambuzane esitulweni sakho. Ezimweni eziningi, yilokho kuphela okudingekayo.

Ezinye izivivinyo zokuxilonga yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwetheyiphu ye-Scotch™: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungakusiza ukuthi ubone ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho inezikelemu. Ingcezu yetheyiphu enamathelayo ibekwa eduze kwendunu yakho bese kuqoqwa noma yimaphi amaqanda angase abe lapho. Udokotela ube esebheka le theyiphu ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi akhona yini amaqanda.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabonisa ukuthi unenani eliphansi lamaseli abomvu egazi (i-anemia) noma inani elandayo lama-eosinophil, uhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lokhu kungaba uphawu lwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ezinye izivivinyo zithola izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antigen noma ama-antibodies. Lawa maprotheni amancane angabonisa ukuthi kukhona igciwane.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuthi kwenziwe i-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), noma i-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan) ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini izibungu ezindala emathunjini akho.
• I-Colonoscopy: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabonisa umonakalo ngaphakathi kwamathumbu akho obangelwa ukutheleleka kwamathumbu.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha lokhu?

Ezinye izifo ziyaphela zodwa, kodwa abantu abaningi badinga ukuthatha imithi yokulwa nezilokazane enqunywe udokotela ukuze baqede izilokazane zamathumbu. Le mithi isebenza ngokwenza buthaka izilokazane, imise ukukhula kwazo, noma ibulale izilokazane noma amaqanda azo. Imithi ethile oyidingayo izoncika ekutheni yisiphi isilokazane onaso nokuthi izimpawu zakho zimbi kangakanani.

Eminye imithi yokulwa nezibungu evame ukusetshenziswa:

• Ngezikelemu: `Pyrantel pamoate`
• Ngezimpethu zamathumbu ezithwalwa umhlabathi: `Mebendazole` noma `albendazole`
• Ngezifo ze-protozoal: `iMetronidazole`, `i-tinidazole` noma `i-trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)`

Kuye ngomuthi, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe umthamo owodwa kuphela ukuze uqede ukutheleleka. Eminye imithi kungadingeka ukuthi ithathwe kanye noma kaningana ngosuku, kusukela ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya emavikini amathathu. Eminye, njengemithi yokukhipha izikelemu, idinga ikhefu elifushane ngaphambi kokuthi uyithathe futhi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha umuthi wakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.

Uzoqaphela ukuthi izimpawu zakho zizophela ngemva kokuba umuthi usuqede i-parasite namaqanda ayo.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Iningi lezinambuzane zamathumbu ziyafa ngokushesha ngemithi. Uma izizinambuzane seziphelile, izimpawu zivame ukuphela.

Ukutheleleka kungaba nzima kakhulu ukukwelapha uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka noma uma ukhulelwe. Ezimweni ezinjalo, udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini nokuthi igciwane liyaphela yini.

Ungazivikela kanjani kulezi zifo?

Amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezindawo zokuhlanzeka yisisombululo esingcono kakhulu sokuvimbela ukutheleleka okuningi kwamathumbu.

Kodwa-ke, ungazivikela nasezifweni zamathumbu ngokwenza lezi zinto:

• Phuza amanzi ahlanzekile. Gwema ukuphuza amanzi avela emachibini, emifuleni, nasemachibini. Uma ungabaza ngobumsulwa bamanzi, sebenzisa amanzi asemabhodleleni.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo. Sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nensipho elwa namagciwane ukuze ugcine izandla zakho zingenamaqanda ezibuthi. Geza izandla zakho njalo ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukudla, ngaphambi kokudla, nangemva kokuhlanza izingane ezincane (amanabukeni angcolile) noma izilwane ezifuywayo.
• Ezindaweni ezisengozini enkulu, yidla imifino nezithelo ezilungiselelwe kahle kuphela. Gwema ukudla imifino nezithelo ezingaphekiwe uma usendaweni lapho kuvame khona izilokazane zamathumbu. Yidla kuphela imifino nezithelo ezigeziwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile, ezihlutshiwe, futhi eziphekiwe.
• Gqoka izicathulo namagilavu. Ukugqoka izicathulo ezingavezi izinyawo zakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka yizikelemu. Gqoka amagilavu ​​uma usebenza ngenhlabathi.
• Pheka inyama bese udoba kahle kuze kube yilapho ifinyelela izinga lokushisa eliphephile. Pheka inyama yonke eqoshiwe ibe ngama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-145 (62.8 degrees Celsius) bese upheka inyama egayiwe ibe ngama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-160 (cishe ama-degrees Celsius angu-71).
• Yenza ucansi oluphephile. Sebenzisa ikhondomu noma idamu lamazinyo ngesikhathi socansi ukuze unciphise ingozi yokutheleleka.

Yini okufanele siyenze uma kukhona ukutheleleka?

Ngesikhathi ukutheleleka kuphola, yenza okulandelayo:

• Hlala unamanzi: Phuza amanzi amaningi, iziphuzo zemidlalo, noma umhluzi ukuze uvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Thola ukudla okwanele: Yidla ukudla okuhlanzekile nokunomsoco bese uthola ukudla okunomsoco okudingayo ngosuku. Uma unezinkinga zesisu, zama ukudla ukudla okuncane esikhundleni sokudla okukhulu.
• Vimbela ukutheleleka kabusha uma kungenzeka:Imithi ingelapha izifo zamanje, kodwa ayikwazi ukuvimbela ukutheleleka esikhathini esizayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugeza nokugeza imibhede nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa (kwezikelemu) kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka kabusha. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugqoka izicathulo namagilavu ​​​​njalo lapho usebenza ngaphandle kungasiza. Thatha izinyathelo zokugwema ukutheleleka kabusha okuvela ku-parasite.

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zegciwane lamathumbu, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala endaweni enobungozi obukhulu, usanda kuya kwenye, noma usola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi udle ukudla okungaphekiwe kahle , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo (ER)?

Uma unezimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Uhudo olunamandla, olunamanzi oluvela ngokuphindaphindiwe.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukudideka okungazelelwe.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
• Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa komchamo noma umchamo omnyama.
• Ukukhathala.

Iningi labantu lithola ama-parasite emathunjini ngokudla amaqanda ama-parasite (avame ukutholakala endle). Lokhu kungase kukumangaze. Sonke sicabanga ukuthi sinokulawula okuphelele ngalokho esikufaka emilonyeni yethu. Kodwa-ke, akunjalo ngamaqanda ama-parasite. Mancane kakhulu ukuba angabonakala ngeso lenyama. Uma uhlikihla amaqanda ezandleni zakho, ungawasakaza emzimbeni wakho wonke, ekudleni, futhi ekugcineni emlonyeni wakho.

Kodwa, ukuqaphela kubalulekile . Uma uqonda ukuthi izimuncagazi zamathumbu zisakazeka kanjani, uzocabanga kabili ngokungagezi izandla nokudla ukudla okungaphekiwe kahle. Uma uthola ukutheleleka, ungalibali ukubona udokotela. Imithi yokulwa nezimuncagazi ingasiza ekuqedeni lezi zivakashi ezingamenywanga emzimbeni wakho ngaphambi kokuba zikubangele izinkinga zempilo.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule

Izibungu zamathumbu yinto okungafanele siyishaye indiva, kodwa akudingeki sesabe futhi.

• Ukuhlanzeka kubalulekile. Izinto ezilula njengokugeza izandla zakho kahle, ukuphuza amanzi ahlanzekile, nokupheka ukudla kahle kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
• Uma unezimpawu , ungazinaki. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Landela ukwelashwa okunikezwe udokotela ngqo .
• Yabelana ngalolu lwazi nomndeni wakho nabangani . Ukuqwashisa kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela.

Ngakho-ke, sonke masizame ukuhlala siphilile, sikhumbula lezi zinto!

izimuncagazi zamathumbu , izifo zezibungu, izimuncagazi zesisu, izifo ezimuncagazi, ukuhlolwa kwendle, isifo sohudo, inhlanzeko