Ingabe kukhona inkinga ngokugeleza kwegazi emehlweni? Ake sifunde nge-(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy) ngendlela elula!

Wake wazizwa sengathi umbono wakho awucacile noma awucacile? Mhlawumbe uvuke ekuseni wangabe usabona kahle ngeso elilodwa? Noma ingabe uzizwe sengathi kukhona ubumnyama phambi kwamehlo akho? Uma uke wabhekana nento efana nale, ungakunaki kalula, kulungile? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esingabangela izimpawu ezinjengalezi, futhi udinga ukuqaphela kancane, kodwa uma uqaphela kusenesikhathi, singakusiza ukuthi usilawule. Lokho kubizwa ngokuthi `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` , okwaziwa nangokuthi `(ION)` ngamafuphi.

Uyazi ukuthi yini i-`(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - ION)`?

Kalula nje, `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` yisimo lapho inzwa eyinhloko eletha ukubona esweni lakho, i-`(Optic Nerve)` ingatholi igazi elanele, okuholela ekulahlekelweni umbono. Cabanga, kwenzekani uma isitshalo sezimbali engadini yethu singatholi amanzi anele? Siyafa kancane kancane, akunjalo? Yilokho okwenzekayo ngalokhu. Lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kwezinye izingxenye ze-`(Optic Nerve)` yakho kuphazamiseka, lezo zingxenye ziyayeka ukusebenza kahle, futhi ekugcineni ziqale ukufa. Uma lokhu kuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi kuba kubi noma kuhlale isikhathi eside, i-`(Optic Nerve)` ingonakala unomphela.

Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka endaweni eyindilinga ngemuva kweso lakho ebizwa ngokuthi i-"Optic Disk." I-"Optic Disk" yilapho imithambo yegazi kanye ne-"Optic Nerve" kuhlangana khona neso. Lesi simo, esibizwa ngokuthi i-"ION", asivamile kakhulu futhi sithinta kakhulu abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-`(ION)`?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-`(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)`. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

1. I-Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) : Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-ION. Luthinta i-optic nerve engaphansi kwe-optic disc noma i-optic disc ngokwayo.

2. `(Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - PION)` : Kulolu hlobo, umphumela uvela engxenyeni ethi `(Optic Nerve)` etholakala emuva kancane.

Manje ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ngazinye zalezi ngemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Izinguquko ku-`(AION)`

`(AION)` futhi inezinhlobo ezimbili ezincane:

• I-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Neuropathy (AAION) : Lokhu ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi (i-Arteritis) . Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka ezimweni ezifana ne-Vasculitis, okuwukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi.
• `(Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Neuropathy - NAION)` : Kulokhu, akukho ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngoba ukugeleza kwegazi ku-`(Optic Nerve)` kunqunyelwe.

Ake sifunde kancane nge-`(PION)`

Njenge-AION, i-PION inezinhlobo ezimbili, i-Arteritic kanye ne-Nonarteritic. Okusho ukuthi, i-PION ibangelwa yi-arteritis, kanti i-PION ibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwegazi ngaphandle kwe-arteritis.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu? Ingabe nawe unazo lezi?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-`(ION)` ukulahleka kokubona. Kodwa-ke, indlela okwenzeka ngayo ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-`(ION)`. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izimpawu nazo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo.

Izimpawu ze-`(NAION)`

Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngenxa ye-NAION kuvame ukuzumayo futhi kungabi buhlungu. Kuvame ukuzwakala njengokufiphala kombono noma ukulahlekelwa umbono engxenyeni yensimu yokubuka, ikakhulukazi ingxenye engezansi . Ngezinye izikhathi , ukulahlekelwa umbono wombala (i-dyschromatopsia) nakho kungenzeka.

Abantu abaningi baqala ukukubona lokhu kulahlekelwa umbono lapho bevuka ekuseni. Kungaba ngemva kokulala isikhathi eside noma ukulala isikhashana.

Akuvamile ukuthi ukubona kunciphe kancane kancane esikhathini esingamaviki amabili. I-NAION uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-ION, futhi ivame ukuthinta iso elilodwa ngesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, cishe abantu abayi-15% abane-NAION esweni elilodwa bangase babe nalesi simo kwelinye iso kamuva.

Izimpawu ze-`(AAION)`

Ku-`(AAION)` , umbono uvame ukulahleka ngokuzumayo. Okusho ukuthi, umbono ungase ufiphale, ufiphale, unciphe, noma ulahleke ngokuphelele. Ku-`(AAION)`, kungase kuhambisane nezimpawu ezihlobene ne-`(Arteritis)` okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili. Lezi yizi:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu: Ikakhulukazi ezinhlangothini zombili zebunzi.
• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi ezinhlangothini zombili zebunzi: Akukho ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuzwakalayo uma kuthintwa.
• Ubuhlungu emisipheni yomhlathi lapho kuhlafunwa ukudla.
• Ubuthakathaka kanye/noma ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki.

Kwabantu abambalwa, kungase kube nohlobo "oluyimfihlakalo" lwe-Arteritic ION. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umbono uyalahleka, kodwa azikho ezinye izimpawu ze-Arteritis ezikhona.

Izimpawu ze-`(PION)`

Kokubili i-Arteritic PION kanye ne-Nonarteritic PION kubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, okungenabuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, i-PION ingaqhubeka ezigabeni zokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimpawu ziya ngokuya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kungani lokhu `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Izimbangela ze-`(ION)` zingahluka kuye ngohlobo. Ake sibone ukuthi isebenza kanjani .

Izimbangela ze-`(NAION)`

Ochwepheshe abakaqiniseki ukuthi kungani i-NAION ithuthuka. Kodwa bacabanga ukuthi ngokuvamile kuyinhlanganisela yezici.Lokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi kuya emthanjeni we-optic. Lezi zimo zivame ukuthinta indlela uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi olulawula ngayo ukugeleza kwegazi nge-optic nerve. Uma nje lokho kuzilawula kusebenza kahle, ngeke ube ne-NAION. Kodwa-ke, izenzakalo noma izinkinga ezithile zingaphazamisa lokho kuzilawula. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Izinguquko zesakhiwo ku-`(Optic Disk)` ngaphakathi kweso: Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-`(Optic Disk)` iba ncane noma ibe nkulu. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "idiski esengozini".
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (i-Hypertension).
• `(Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2)` (Isifo Sikashukela Sohlobo 2).
• I-atherosclerosis (ukufakwa kwamafutha emithanjeni yegazi).
• I-Apnea Yokulala (i-Sleep Apnea).
• Ukwehla komfutho wegazi ngesikhathi sokulala (`Ukucindezeleka kwegazi kwasebusuku`).
• I-anemia (ukwehla kwamaseli abomvu egazi noma i-hemoglobin egazini).
• Ukubhema (kufaka phakathi ukubhema i-vaping).
• I-Migraines.
• Eminye imithi: Izithibi ze-Phosphodiesterase (isibonelo, izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile) zingaba nomthelela ku-ION. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abakholelwa ukuthi le mithi yodwa ibangela i-ION.

Izimbangela ze-`(Arteritic ION)` (AAION kanye ne-APION)

Kokubili `(AAION)` kanye `(APION)` kunembangela efanayo eyisisekelo: `(Arteritis)` (arteritis). Lesi simo senzeka lapho kukhona ukuvuvukala kulo lonke uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zalokhu yilezi:

• `(I-Giant Cell Arteritis - GCA)`
• Ezinye izinhlobo ze-`(Vasculitis)` (izimo zokuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi).

Izimbangela ze-`(Non-arteritic PION - NPION)`

Kunezizathu eziningana ezithile ezithinta `(NPION)`. Lezi yizi:

• Izimo ezithinta ukujikeleza kwegazi esweni: Eziningi zalezi zifana nalezo ezibangela i-NAION. Isibonelo, isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-atherosclerosis.
• Ukopha: Ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi kungabangela ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi emuva kweso, okubangela i-NPION.
• Ukuhlinzwa: Umfutho wegazi ungehla ngezizathu ezahlukene ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kungaholela ku-PION.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa lokhu?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi simo (i-Ischemic Optic Neuropathy). Ake sibone ukuthi bangobani:

• Abantu abanezici eziyingozi zemithambo yegazi: Lokhu kusho ukuthi labo abanezimo okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukubhema, kanye ne-sleep apnea, basengozini enkulu.
• Abantu abanezifo zokuvuvukala: Isibonelo, abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-`(Giant Cell Arteritis - GCA)` nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-`(ION)`.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
• KwabesilisaZingakhula kancane kunabesifazane.

Udokotela ukubona kanjani lokhu?

Uchwepheshe wakho wokunakekelwa kwamehlo angaxilonga i-ION esebenzisa inhlanganisela yezindlela eziningana. Inqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukuqala ngokukubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho, izehlakalo zamuva nje zokuphila, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Izimpendulo zakho zizobasiza ukunciphisa uhlu lwezimbangela ezingaba khona ngokuqeda ezinye izimo ezingase zifane ne-ION. Bazobe sebehlola amehlo , benaka kakhulu izingxenye zeso ezibuka i-optic disk, etholakala ngemuva kweso.

• I-Anterior ION (AION): I-Arteritic ne-Nonarteritic AION zibangela izinguquko ezibonakalayo ku-optic disc yakho kusenesikhathi. Lezi zinguquko zisiza udokotela wakho wamehlo ukuthi athole lesi simo. Lapho ethola i-AAION, uzohlola futhi ukuthi unazo yini izimpawu ezihlobene ne-Arteritis.
• `(I-Posterior ION - PION)`: Lezi zinhlobo kunzima ukuzibona. Ngoba ezigabeni zokuqala, azikho izinguquko ezibonakalayo ku-`(Optic Disk)`.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ngalokhu?

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezingasiza ekuxilongeni lesi simo (i-ION) kanye nanoma yiziphi izimo ezingase zisibangele. Ezinye zalezi zilula futhi azidingi umzamo omkhulu womzimba. Isibonelo:

• Ukuhlolwa kokubona: Hlola noma yiziphi iziphambeko zensimu yokubona (izindawo ezingaboni).
• Ukulinganisa umfutho wegazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Hlola izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kanye nokuntuleka kwamavithamini.
• Ukulinganisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso.
• I-Fluorescein Angiography: Lokhu kusebenzisa idayi ekhethekile ukuthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweso.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe ezinemininingwane ze-cross-sectional ze-optic nerve kanye ne-retina.

Ezinye izivivinyo zenziwa ngqo ukuze kutholakale noma kukhishwe izimo ezifana ne-"Arteritis" (ezidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile ngokushesha okukhulu). Lezi zivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-ultrasound noma i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yemithambo yegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba ezinhlangothini zombili zebunzi.
• I-Temporal Artery Biopsy: Kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu emthanjeni ohlangothini ngalunye lwebunzi bese ihlolwa izimo ezifana ne-GCA.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholakale izinguquko ezihlobene nokuvuvukala: njengokuhlolwa kwe-`(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - ESR)` kanye ne-`(C-reactive Protein - CRP)`.

Udokotela wakho angase akuncomele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho kanye nomlando wempilo. Bangakutshela okwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlolwa nokuthi kungani ukudinga.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu? Ingabe kungelapheka?

Ukwelashwa kwe-ION kuyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela angayiphatha ngqo i-ION. Ngezinye izikhathi, okudingekayo nje ukulawula izici eziyingozi zemithambo yegazi nokwelapha izimpawu.

Ukwelashwa kwe-`(Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)`

Kokubili i-`(Anterior)` kanye ne-`(Posterior Arteritic ION)` kufanele zelashwe ngokushesha ngemithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala `(Corticosteroid)` (isb. `(Prednisone)`) noma imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba njenge-`(Tocilizumab - Actemra®)`. `(Corticosteroid)` ivame ukunikezwa njengephilisi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi inikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Umthamo walo `(Corticosteroid)` uqala ukunikezwa ngemithamo ephezulu bese uncishiswa kancane kancane ezinsukwini noma amasonto ambalwa. Abanye abantu kungadingeka bathathe lo muthi ngemithamo ephansi isikhathi eside ukuze bavimbele izinkinga zokubona ezingapheli ezivela ku-`(ION)`.

Ukwelashwa kwe-`(Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)`

Ngeshwa, akukho ukwelashwa okuqinisekisiwe okusebenzayo kwe-`(Nonarteritic ION)`. Ngaphandle kokuthi unesimo esiyisisekelo njenge-`(Arteritis)`, imithi ye-`(Corticosteroid)` ayivame ukunconywa.

Njengamanje, ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-`(Non-arteritic ION)` ukulawula izimpawu nokwelapha noma ukunciphisa izimbangela eziyisisekelo kanye nezici ezibangela lokhu. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba `(Non-arteritic ION)` ivame ukuthinta iso elilodwa ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke le ndlela inganciphisa ingozi yokulahlekelwa umbono kuwo womabili amehlo ngenxa ye-`(ION)`.

Uma unenkinga yokubona ngenxa ye-ION, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukusetshenziswa kwamadivayisi okusiza njengezikhulisi, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezilungiselelo zokukhulisa noma imiyalo yezwi/impendulo kumadivayisi akho. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ulungise noma usebenzele izinkinga zokubona.

Yini okufanele siyilindele uma lesi simo sivela?

I-ION ivame ukubangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo. "Ngokuzumayo" kungasho imizuzu noma amahora, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha izinsuku. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-ION zibangela ukubona okufiphele noma okungasebenzi kahle. Ezinye izinhlobo zingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuba neziqephu ezimfushane zokubona okufiphele ngaphambi kokuba i-ION ibangele ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele.

Ingabe lokhu kuzophinde kuthuthukise umbono wami?

`(ION)` ayisongeli impilo, kodwa ingabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokubona okungaphazamisa impilo yakho.

Kwezinye izimo, i-ION iyaguqulwa, kodwa ngokuvamile ibangela okungenani ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.Kodwa-ke, abantu abalahlekelwa ukubona bafunda 'ukuzivumelanisa' nalesi simo. Bese beqala ukusebenzisa ezinye izindawo zombono wabo emisebenzini ethile, njengokufunda. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungase kubonakale sengathi umbono wabo usuthuthukile, kodwa okwenzekayo ngempela ukuthi baba ngcono ekusebenzeni ngokulahlekelwa umbono wabo.

Ingabe i-Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ingavinjelwa?

Awukwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele (i-ION). Kodwa unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nayo. Indlela eyinhloko yokwenza lokhu ukugwema noma ukulawula izimo ezingabangela noma ezifaka isandla ku-(ION). Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukushintsha imithi yakho yomfutho wegazi ophezulu ukuze uvimbele umfutho wegazi ophansi ngesikhathi ulele, ukuqala imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, ukulungisa imithi yakho yesifo sikashukela, ukuyeka ukusebenzisa ugwayi (kufaka phakathi i-vaping), kanye nezinye izindlela zokuvimbela ukunciphisa amathuba akho okukhula (i-ION).

Futhi, uma udinga ukuhlinzwa, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bazothatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela `(ION)`. Uma uke waba `(ION)` ngaphambili, noma uma wazi ukuthi unesifo esingasibangela (njenge-`GCA` noma `vasculitis`), tshela udokotela wakho ohlinzayo kanye/noma udokotela wezinzwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa kwakho. Bangabe sebehlela ngokufanele futhi benze noma yiziphi izinguquko ezidingekayo.

Uzinakekela kanjani uma unalesi simo?

Uma uke waba ne-"Nonarteritic ION" ngaphambilini esweni elilodwa, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu nganoma yiziphi izinguquko noma ukulahlekelwa umbono kwelinye iso lakho. Ngoba uma kwenzeka kwelinye iso, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi kuzokwenzeka kwelinye iso kamuva.

Uma une-Arteritic ION, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokudlulisela kuchwepheshe, njengodokotela we-Rheumatologist. Udokotela we-Rheumatologist angasiza ekuxilongeni nasekuphatheni noma yiziphi izimo zomzimba noma zokuvuvukala ezingase zibangele i-Arteritis yakho. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wamehlo nabanye odokotela ukuze uphathe isimo sakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ugweme ukuqubuka kwesikhumba kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono okuqhubekayo noma izinkinga esikhathini esizayo.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela wakho wamehlo?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzohlela ukuvakasha okulandela njalo ukuze aqaphe umbono wakho noma amehlo akho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko. Kufanele ugcine la ma-aphoyintimenti njengoba encoma. Futhi, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho, kufanele uxhumane naye ngokushesha okukhulu. Bangakutshela uma udinga ukukhuluma nabo, ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo, noma ezinye izinguquko ezithile.

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kuyisibonakaliso esiphuthumayo esidinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha.Ngoba, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba uphawu lwesimo esisongela ukuphila njenge-`(Stroke)` (isimo esifana nokukhubazeka), noma kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo samehlo njenge-`(Retinal Detachment)` (ukuhlukana kwe-retina - okungelapheka uma kwelashwa ngokushesha).

Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha oqeqeshiwe kanye nokuhlolwa okukhethekile kuphela okungabona ukuthi ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo kuyisimo esiphuthumayo ngempela. Esimweni esinjalo , imizuzu ingenza umehluko omkhulu. Yingakho kungcono ukungakushayi indiva uma ungakaze ubhekane nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo ngaphambili. Uma unesifo esikubeka engcupheni yokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, noma uma uke waba naso ngaphambili, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Bangachaza ukuthi lesi sibonakaliso sidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo nini nokuthi kuyinto elindelekile nini uma ubheka isimo sakho.

Imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongase ufune ukuyibuza:

• Uhlobo luni lwe-Ischemic Optic Neuropathy enginalo?
• Yini engaba imbangela noma ebangela lokhu?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ozincomayo?
• Ingabe ukulahlekelwa kwami ​​​​kokubona kuzoba unomphela, noma kukhona ithuba lokuthi kuzoba ngcono?

Ingabe i-`(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` iyi-`(Stroke)`?

Cha, kodwa kukhona ukufana okuthile.

`(Ischemia)` yilapho amaseli engatholi ukugeleza kwegazi okwanele bese eqala ukufa. `(Ischemic Stroke)` yilapho kwenzeka khona ebuchosheni bakho. `(ION)` kwenzeka ku-`(Optic Nerve)` yakho. Yingakho zifana kodwa azifani.

Esinye isizathu sokuthi zifana nokuthi abantu abane-`(ION)` ngezinye izikhathi baba nezimpawu ezingavamile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-`(Optic Nerve Ischemia)` kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo. Ngakho-ke, akufanele ungazinaki ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo nge-Ischemic Optic Neuropathy kusho ukuthi i-Optic Nerve yakho ayitholi igazi elanele. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni okungapheli kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono. Ngakho-ke, ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo akuyona into okufanele uyishalazele noma uyilinde.

Uma unesifo esingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono ngokuzumayo noma "i-ION", kungumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wamehlo akho. Bangakutshela ukuthi yini okufanele uyiqaphele nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma ubona izinguquko embonweni wakho. Ukwenza izinto ngokushesha kungenza umehluko omkhulu futhi kukusize ekuvikeleni ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokubona kanye nokungakhululeki. Ngakho-ke, nakekela amehlo akho!

I- Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, i-ION, i-AION, i-PION, Ukulahlekelwa Umbono, Isifo Samehlo, I-Optic Nerve, Ukulahlekelwa Umbono Okungazelelwe