Wake wavuka ngokuzumayo wazizwa unesiyezi futhi unesizungu? Noma uzizwa ukhathele futhi ukhathele usuku lonke? Nakuba abantu abaningi becabanga ukuthi lezi yizinto ezivamile, lokhu kungaba uphawu lomfutho wegazi ophansi, noma "umfutho wegazi ophansi". Nakuba abantu abaningi bekhuluma ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme, sidinga nokuqonda umfutho wegazi ophansi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngamazwi alula.
Kuyini ngempela umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension)?
Kalula nje, umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension) yilapho umfutho wegazi odalwa yigazi elihamba emithanjeni yegazi uphansi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile.
Cishe uyazi ukuthi uma silinganisa ingcindezi, sikhuluma ngezindinganiso ezimbili.
- Inombolo ephezulu (i-Systolic): Lokhu kubhekisela ekucindezelekeni imithambo yegazi yakho ekuzwayo isikhathi ngasinye lapho inhliziyo yakho ishaya futhi ipompa igazi.
- I-Diastolic: Lokhu kubhekisela ekucindezelekeni emithanjeni yegazi phakathi kokushaya kwenhliziyo okubili, lapho inhliziyo iphumule kancane.
Ngokuvamile, sibheka umfutho wegazi womuntu ophilile njengo-120/80 mm Hg (amamilimitha e-mercury). Uma umfutho wegazi wakho ungaphansi kuka-90/60 mm Hg , ubizwa ngokuthi umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-Hypotension).
Kodwa nansi iphuzu elibalulekile. Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi intsha evivinya umzimba kakhulu futhi enempilo enhle, bangase bazalwe benomfutho wegazi ophansi kancane. Uma bengenazo izimpawu, akuyona inkinga. Kumane kuyisimo sabo esivamile. Inkinga iwukuthi lapho umfutho wegazi ophansi ukukubangela ukungakhululeki, okungukuthi, lapho uqala ukuba nezimpawu.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokucindezela okuphansi?
Singabona umfutho wegazi ophansi ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ukuze uqonde lokhu ngokucacile, bheka ithebula elingezansi.
| Uhlobo lomfutho wegazi ophansi | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukucindezeleka Okuphelele Kwegazi | Yilokhu esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi 'umfutho wegazi ophansi'. Uma umfutho wegazi wakho ulinganiswa ngenkathi uphumule (isibonelo, uhleli phansi), ungaphansi kuka-90/60 mm Hg. |
| Ukucindezeleka Okuphansi Kwama-Orthostatic (Ukucindezeleka Okuphansi Kwama-Postural) | Lokhu kuhlukile kancane. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi uma usukuma uhleli noma ulele. Ngokuvamile, imizimba yethu iyalulama kulokhu ngemizuzwana embalwa. Kodwa kumuntu onalesi simo, umfutho wegazi uhlala uphansi cishe imizuzu emi-3 ngemva kokuma. Lokhu kuyinto eba yinto evamile njengoba sikhula. |
Yiziphi izimpawu umuntu onomfutho wegazi ophansi abhekana nazo?
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu ngisho noma umfutho wegazi wabo uphansi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela izimpawu, zingase zihlanganise:
- Isiyezi noma ikhanda elikhanyayo: Umuzwa wokuntanta, njengokungathi akukho lutho ngaphakathi ekhanda.
- Ukuquleka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (i-Syncope): Ungase ulahlekelwe ukwazi ngokuzumayo bese uwela phansi.
- Amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma umbono ofiphele: Ukuzizwa sengathi kuzoba mnyama uma uvuka ngokuzumayo, noma ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacile.
- Isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza: Ungase uzizwe ukhathele isisu sakho noma ukuhlanza.
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma ungenampilo: Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ungenawo amandla usuku lonke, ngisho noma ungenzi lutho.
- Ukuphefumula kuyashesha futhi kungajulile kangako.
- Ubunzima bokugxila: Ukulahlekelwa ukugxila ngenkathi usebenza.
- Ukungahlaliseki noma izinguquko ekuziphatheni: Ungase uziphathe ngendlela ehlukile kunejwayelekile, ucasuke.
Imizimba yethu iyamangalisa. Ngokuvamile, lapho umfutho wegazi wethu uqala ukwehla, imizimba yethu izama ukuwulawula. Yandisa izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo noma inciphise imithambo yegazi ukuze izame ukwandisa umfutho wegazi. Kodwa uma imizimba yethu ingakwazi ukuwulawula ngale ndlela, siqala ukuzwa lezi zimpawu.
Kungani ingcindezi yehla kanje? Yiziphi izizathu?
Akukhona nje isizathu esisodwa sokwehla komfutho wegazi, kodwa kunezici eziningi ezingaba nomthelela kukho. Ake sibheke izizathu eziyinhloko.
- Ukwehla kwe-Orthostatic Hypotension: Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokwehla ngokuzumayo kokugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni uma usukuma ngokuzumayo.
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Uma ungaphuzi amanzi anele phakathi nosuku lokujuluka okukhulu, ukuhlanza, noma uhudo, umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa uketshezi. Lokhu kungabangela ukwehla komthamo wegazi lakho, okubangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi lakho.
- Ukulimala okukhulu kanye nokopha: Uma kulahleka igazi eliningi emzimbeni, njengasengozini, umfutho wegazi uyehla ngokuzumayo.
- Ukukhulelwa:Ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa, izinguquko ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi lowesifazane zingabangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi. Lokhu kuvame ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngemva kokuzalwa komntwana.
- Eminye imithi oyithathayo: Eminye imithi yokucindezeleka kwegazi eliphezulu, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nokucindezeleka ingabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphansi njengomphumela ongemuhle. Kodwa khumbula, ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.
- Isifo senhliziyo: Lapho inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngendlela efanele ngenxa yezimo ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (i-arrhythmias), ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nobuthakathaka bemisipha yenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi uyancipha.
- Izinkinga zama-hormone: Umfutho wegazi ophansi ungabangelwa nezifo ezihlobene nama-hormone njenge-hypothyroidism nesifo sikashukela.
- Ukutheleleka Okukhulu (i-Sepsis): Lapho umzimba utheleleka kakhulu, izinguquko emithanjeni yegazi zingavela ngenxa yalokho, okubangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi ngendlela eyingozi.
- Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu (i-Anaphylaxis): Ukungezwani komzimba okukhulu kokudla okuthile, imithi, noma ukulunywa yizinambuzane nakho kungabangela ukwehla okungazelelwe komfutho wegazi.
- Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo: Uma izakhamzimba ezifana ne-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate zingekho, i-anemia ingavela, okungabangela nomfutho wegazi ophansi.
- Utshwala nezidakamizwa: Utshwala nezinye izidakamizwa nazo zingabangela umfutho wegazi ophansi.
Yiziphi izinto ezingathi sína ezingase zenzeke uma nje ungawunaki umfutho wegazi ophansi?
Umfutho wegazi ophansi akuyona inkinga enkulu uma kungekho zimpawu. Kodwa uma kukhona izimpawu, kufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, ngoba kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu.
Ukuwa nokulimala kuyingozi enkulu nesheshayo lapha. Cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ungakhubeka ngokuzumayo futhi uwe. Ungashaya ikhanda lakho, uphuke ingalo noma umlenze, noma uphuke isinqe, okungaholela ekukhubazekeni impilo yakho yonke.
- Ukuwa Nokulimala: Isiyezi kanye nokuqaqamba kwamehlo kwandisa ingozi yokuwa. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni nasekulimeleni okukhulu kwekhanda (ukuxhuzula kwekhanda).
- Ukushaqeka: Uma umfutho wegazi wehla kakhulu, izitho ezibalulekile njengobuchopho, izinso, nenhliziyo azitholi inani elidingekayo legazi nomoya-mpilo. Lokhu kungabangela umonakalo kulezo zitho. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni.
- Isifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi: Umfutho wegazi ophansi usho ukuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungalimaza inhliziyo. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi igazi alijikelezi kahle, amahlule egazi angakheka futhi aye ebuchosheni, okungabangela izimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.
Udokotela ukuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma unezimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophansi, kungcono ukubona udokotela. Kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi umfutho wegazi wakho uphansi yini. Ungabona ngokubheka idivayisi yokulinganisa umfutho wegazi (i-BP apparatus).
Kodwa ingxenye enzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi kungani umfutho wegazi wakho uphansi . Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangase benze izivivinyo ezimbalwa ukuthola imbangela.
| Uhlobo lokuhlola | Ubhekeni? |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo | Hlola izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, izinkinga zama-hormone e-thyroid, ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, kanye ne-anemia. |
| I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Hlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwenhliziyo ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini izinkinga ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile. |
| I-Echocardiogram | Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo. Kuyasiza ukuthola isithombe esicacile sesakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wenhliziyo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kwethebula Elithambekile | Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuklanyelwe ngqo ukuthola i-orthostatic hypotension. Wenziwa ulale embhedeni futhi umfutho wegazi lakho kanye nesilinganiso senhliziyo yakho kuyaqashelwa njengoba umbhede uthambekela kancane kancane phezulu. |
Ukwelashwa nokuphathwa komfutho wegazi ophansi
Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapho welapha ukuthola imbangela eyisisekelo yomfutho wegazi ophansi bese uyelapha. Isibonelo, uma umfutho wegazi ophansi ubangelwa umphumela omubi womuthi, udokotela uzoshintsha umthamo walowo muthi noma akunike omunye umuthi. Uma ubangelwa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, uzonikezwa uketshezi olufana nosawoti.
Ngaphezu kokwelapha imbangela, ungenza izinto ezinjengalezi ukulawula izimpawu:
- Izinguquko ekudleni: Abanye abantu bangase belulekwe udokotela wabo ukuba bangeze usawoti owengeziwe ekudleni kwabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi usawoti (i-sodium) ungasiza ekwandiseni ukugcinwa koketshezi emzimbeni futhi wandise umfutho wegazi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngaphansi kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho. Akukuhle ukudla usawoti ngendlela othanda ngayo.
- Phuza amanzi anele: Phuza okungenani izingilazi zamanzi ezingu-8-10 ngosuku. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcina amazinga oketshezi emzimbeni futhi kuvimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
- Amasokisi Okucindezela: La masokisi afaka ukucindezela okuncane emilenzeni nasezinyaweni, okusiza ukuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingahlangani emilenzeni bese liyihambisa phezulu. Lokhu kungandisa ukucindezeleka.
- Imithi: Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi ekhethekile ukusiza ekwenyuseni umfutho wegazi.
Uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphansi, ungazinakekela kanjani?
Ngaphezu kokwelashwa udokotela wakho akunikeza kona, uma unakekela lezi zinto ezincane empilweni yakho yansuku zonke, ungagwema kakhulu izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophansi.
- Vuka kancane: Uma uvuka embhedeni ekuseni, ungavuki ngokuzumayo. Okokuqala, hlala embhedeni cishe umzuzu. Bese uvuka kancane. Kunjalo nangokuvuka esihlalweni.
- Ukudla: Yidla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile esikhundleni sokudla okukhulu, okwanelisayo. Abanye abantu bangase babhekane nokwehla komfutho wegazi ngemva kokudla okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi (njengelayisi nesinkwa).
- Nciphisa utshwala: Utshwala bungabangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nokwehla komfutho wegazi, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuphuza kwakho utshwala.
- Hlala phansi uma uzizwa unesizungu: Uma uzizwa unesizungu noma unesizungu, hlala phansi noma esihlalweni ngokushesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenzani. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuphepheni kwakho njengoba kungakuvimbela ukuthi ungawi.
Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela? Kufanele ngiye nini e-ETU?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela ngokujwayelekile nokuthi kufanele uye nini esibhedlela ngokushesha.
| Uzobona nini udokotela | Isikhathi sokuya esibhedlela ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) |
|---|---|
| Uma uzwa izimpawu ezivamile zomfutho wegazi ophansi (njengokuzungeza, ukuquleka). | Uma unezinhlungu esifubeni . |
| Uma lezi zimpawu ziphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. | Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo ngemva kokuphela kosuku. |
| Uma usola ukuthi umuthi owuthathayo ubangela ukwehla komfutho wegazi lakho. | Uma uwa futhi ulimele ikhanda lakho ngenxa yesiyezi (ikakhulukazi uma uthatha umuthi wokwehlisa igazi). |
| Uma lezi zimpawu zivela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. | Uma ubonisa izimpawu zokushaqeka: isikhumba esibandayo, ukujuluka, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma izinzipho. |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi (Hypotension) akusona isifo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa uma unezimpawu ezifana nesiyezi noma ukuquleka, ungakuzibi. Ngokuqinisekile bonana nodokotela.
- Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelashweni ukuthola imbangela eyisisekelo yomfutho wegazi ophansi bese uyelapha.
- Izinto ezilula njengokuphuza amanzi amaningi nsuku zonke, ukushintsha izindlela zokudla kancane kancane, nokulungisa ukudla kwakho njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ngezinga elikhulu.
- Uma nje uzizwa unesizungu, cabanga ngokuphepha bese uhlala phansi noma esihlalweni. Ukuvimbela ukuwa kuyinto eza kuqala.
- Uma uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukuwa nokulimala ekhanda, noma izimpawu zokushaqeka, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
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