Igazi lakho lilandisa indaba - Konke mayelana ne-Complete Blood Count (CBC)!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento ebaluleke kakhulu kimi nawe. Lokho ukuhlolwa okwenziwa egazini emzimbeni wethu. Mhlawumbe uke wezwa udokotela ethi, "Masenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi" uma uya kudokotela? Enye yezivivinyo zegazi ezivame kakhulu nezibalulekile yi-"Complete Blood Count (CBC)". Lokhu kungasitshela okuningi ngabasebenzi abancane nabaqaphi abangaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-'CBC' kuyini, kungani kwenziwa, nokuthi kusitshelani?

Liyini igazi, futhi kungani liyigugu kangaka kithi?

Cabanga nje, umzimba wethu ufana nedolobha elikhulu. Kukhona inethiwekhi yemigwaqo yokuthutha izimpahla, imiyalezo, kanye nemfucuza yonke indawo kuleli dolobha, akunjalo? Yileyo ndlela igazi eligeleza emithanjeni yethu eliyiyo. Kunezinto eziningi ezimangalisayo ngaphakathi kwaleli gazi, lifana nomhlaba omncane! Kunezingxenye ezintathu esigxila kuzo kulolu vivinyo lwe-'CBC'.

Amaseli Egazi Abomvu - Igazi lokuphila kwemizimba yethu

Uyazi ukuthi ubani othwala umoya-mpilo ofika emaphashini lapho siphefumula uye kuwo wonke amaseli amancane emzimbeni, kusukela ezithendeni zeminwe yethu kuya kumaseli obuchopho? Leyo nkonzo enhle yenziwa amaseli abomvu egazi, noma 'ama-Red Blood Cells (ama-RBC). Lawa afana nama-disc amancane, ayindilinga, ahlanganisiwe. Lawa yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba, awusakaze kuwo wonke amaseli, futhi alethe umkhiqizo ongcolile walawo maseli, i-'Carbon Dioxide', emaphashini. Sithola amandla okugijima, ukugxuma, ukusebenza, nokucabanga ngoba la maseli abomvu egazi enza umsebenzi wawo kahle. Uma la maseli abomvu ephansi, sithi izinto ezifana 'ne-anemic'', 'pale'', 'ukukhathala kancane'', 'ukuzizwa ukhathele'. Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi 'i- anemia ''.

Amaseli Egazi Amhlophe - Amasosha Okuzivikela Omzimba

Manje bheka, lapho amagciwane abangela izifo, njengebhaktheriya, amagciwane, kanye nesikhunta, ezama ukungena emizimbeni yethu, ingabe ukhona umuntu ozokulwa nawo? Yilokho okwenziwa amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, noma 'amaseli amhlophe egazi (ama-WBC). Laba bantu bafana nebutho namaphoyisa ezweni lakithi. Lawa mangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela .

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zala maseli amhlophe egazi, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile oluwunikiwe.

• Amanye amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aya ngqo kumagciwane bese 'ewadla' (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Phagocytosis').
• Abanye benza amaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-antibodies' ngokumelene nalawo magciwane. Lawa ma-antibodies anamathela kumagciwane futhi awavimbe.

Ngakho-ke, lapho imizimba yethu ithola ukutheleleka, inani lala maseli amhlophe egazi liyakhula ukuze lilungiselele impi. Ngokufanayo, kwezinye izimo zokungezwani komzimba, ezinye izinhlobo zala maseli amhlophe egazi nazo zinganda.

Ama-Platelet - amaqhawe amancane ayeka ukopha

Uyakhumbula ukuthi wawa nini ngenkathi udlala noma usika isandla sakho ngommese ngenkathi usika imifino, futhi ukuphuma kwegazi kwaphela ngemva kwesikhashana? Yilokho ama-platelet, noma 'ama-Platelet' (elinye igama elithi 'ama-Thrombocyte'), akusiza ngakho. Lawa empeleni akuwona amaseli aphelele, kodwa izingcezu eziqhekeka kumaseli amakhulu emnkantsheni wamathambo. Kodwa noma emancane, enza umsebenzi omkhulu. Lapho umthambo wegazi wonakele endaweni ethile futhi igazi liqala ukuphuma, lawa ma-platelet yiwo afika ngokushesha lapho futhi anamathele ndawonye, ​​​​akha i-mesh yokuvala inxeba. Njengalapho kwakheka imbobo emgodini wokugaya ukudla emgwaqweni, kusetshenziswa amatshe nesihlabathi ukuyigcwalisa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukujiya kwegazi . Uma inani lala ma-platelet lehla, kungaba nzima ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi ngisho nasenxebeni elincane. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinsini zingase zophe, futhi umzimba ungavele uphenduke ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezindaweni ezithile (njengokungathi usanda kushaywa).

Ngakho-ke luyini lolu vivinyo lwe-Complete Blood Count (CBC)?

Kulungile, manje usunomqondo omncane ngamasosha ayinhloko kanye nezisebenzi egazini lakho. Ngakho-ke, lokhu `Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC)` kuwukuhlolwa okubala ukuthi mangaki ala maseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet asesampula yegazi lakho. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kungalinganisa nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile ngala maseli, isibonelo, ukuthi makhulu noma mancane kangakanani (okungukuthi, usayizi) amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, ukuthi anjani, nokuthi ingakanani i-hemoglobin `(i-Haemoglobin noma i-Hb)`, iphrotheni ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi athwala umoya-mpilo. Kubheka nokuthi mangaki uhlobo ngalunye lwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi akhona.

Udokotela angase acele lolu hlolo lwe-"CBC" ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

• Thola ukuthi unesifo yini: Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, izinhlungu zomzimba, ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphaphatheka, kanye nokutheleleka okuvamile, lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi imbangela iyisifo, i-anemia, noma enye inkinga.
• Hlola isimo sesifo esikhona: Kwezinye izifo (isib. i-leukemia, ezinye izifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba), izinguquko ziyenzeka emangqamuzaneni egazi. Ngakho-ke, i-CBC iyasiza futhi ukubona ukuthi isifo siyalawuleka yini nokuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza yini.
• Hlola imiphumela yemithi ethile: Eminye imithi (isib. i-chemotherapy, ama-antibiotic) ingathinta umongo wethambo, okwenza amaseli egazi. Ngakho-ke, uma unikezwa leyo mithi, lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ibangela umonakalo noma inciphisa inani lamaseli egazi.
• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa okukhulu: I-CBC ibalulekile ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi inani legazi liyanele yini, ukuthi igazi liyakwazi yini ukujiya kahle, nokuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka.
• Njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo okuvamile:Ngisho noma kungekho ukugula, ngezinye izikhathi i-CBC ingenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kusebenza kahle emizimbeni yethu. Kunezikhathi lapho kungasisiza khona ukuhlonza kusenesikhathi, noma ngabe kuyisifo esiqala ngaphakathi kithi singaqapheli.

Yini esingayifunda ekuhlolweni kwe-CBC?

Uma ubona izinombolo nezinhlamvu eziningi kulo mbiko we-'CBC', ungase ucabange, "O, kuyini lokhu?" Ungesabi. Udokotela wakho kuphela ongawuchaza kahle lo mbiko futhi akunike iseluleko esiqondene nesimo sakho. Kodwa ukuze uthole ulwazi olujwayelekile, ake sibheke ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko ezikushoyo.

Izinto okufanele uzibheke ngokombono wamaseli abomvu egazi (ama-RBC):

• Inani Lamaseli Egazi Abomvu (Inani Lama-RBC): Leli inani eliphelele lamaseli egazi abomvu emzimbeni. Uma lokhu kuphansi kunokujwayelekile, kungase kubonise i-anemia.
• I-Haemoglobin (Hb): Lena yiprotheni engaphakathi kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ethwala umoya-mpilo. Ukwehla kwaleli nani nakho kuyisibonakaliso esikhulu se-anemia. Amanani ajwayelekile alokhu ayahlukahluka kwabesilisa, abesifazane, izingane ezincane, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe.
• I-Hematocrit (Hct) / Umthamo Weseli Elihlanganisiwe (PCV): Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi yiliphi iphesenti legazi lakho elenziwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi. Kalula nje, kufana 'nobukhulu' bamaseli abomvu egazini lakho. Lokhu kusiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi une-anemia yini. Odokotela banaka nendlela leli nani 'le-PCV' elishintsha ngayo ezifweni ezifana ne-dengue.
• I-MCV (Umthamo We-Corpuscular Ophakathi), i-MCH (Umthamo We-Corpuscular Ophakathi), i-MCHC (Umthamo We-Corpuscular Haemoglobin Ophakathi), i-RDW (Ububanzi Bokusabalalisa Amaseli Abomvu): Lezi zinhlamvu zesiNgisi zikutshela ubukhulu obujwayelekile bamaseli akho abomvu egazi, inani le-hemoglobin (Hb) eseli elilodwa legazi elibomvu, ukuthi i-hemoglobin iqine kangakanani ngaphakathi kwamaseli abomvu egazi, kanye nobukhulu bamaseli abomvu egazi (okungukuthi, ukuhlukahluka kobukhulu). Lezi yizinto udokotela wakho angazisebenzisa ukuthola ukuthi une-anemia, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenxa ye-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi, i-vitamin B12 noma i-folic acid deficiency (i-Megaloblastic Anaemia), isimo esizuzwe njengefa njenge-thalassaemia, noma okunye.

Izinto okufanele uzibheke maqondana namaseli amhlophe egazi (i-WBC):

• Inani Lamaseli Amhlophe Egazi (Inani Lama-WBC): Leli inani eliphelele lamaseli amhlophe egazi emzimbeni. Uma lokhu kuphakeme kunokujwayelekile, kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethile emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, leli nani lingaba phezulu ngokungavamile ezimweni zomdlavuza njenge-leukemia. Kuyinkinga futhi uma leli nani liphansi kunokujwayelekile. Kungaba ngenxa yezifo ezithile ezibangelwa amagciwane (isib., izigaba zokuqala ze-dengue), izinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo, noma eminye imithi.
• Inani Lokwehluka (DC):Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli amhlophe egazi (ikakhulukazi) akhona njengephesenti.
• Ama-neutrophil: Lawa ngamasosha ayinhloko alwa nokutheleleka ngamagciwane. Amaphesenti awo kanye nenani eliphelele liyakhula ngesikhathi sokutheleleka ngamagciwane.
• Ama-lymphocyte: Lawa asiza ekulweni nokutheleleka ngamagciwane futhi akhe amasosha omzimba. Emikhuhlaneni yamagciwane efana ne-dengue, iphesenti lawo lingakhuphuka, kanti iphesenti lama-neutrophil lingancipha (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Relative Lymphocytosis').
• Ama-monocyte: Lawa asebenza futhi ekulweni nokutheleleka, 'ehlanza' amangqamuzana afile namagciwane.
• Ama-Eosinophil: Lawa anganda ezimweni zokungezwani komzimba (isib. i-asthma, i-eczema, ukungezwani komzimba nezibungu zothuli) kanye nezifo ezibangelwa yizinambuzane (isib. izikelemu).
• Ama-Basophil: Lawa abalulekile nasezinkingeni zokungezwani komzimba kanye nezinye izimo zokuvuvukala.

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngokombono wama-platelet:

• Inani Lamaplatelet: Leli inani lamaplatelet asiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Uma lawa ephansi kunokujwayelekile (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-Thrombocytopenia'), kunethuba eliphezulu lokopha. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngokuncipha kwala maplatelet ngesikhathi somkhuhlane we-dengue. Kungaba yingozi. Futhi, uma lawa ephakeme ('i-Thrombocytosis'), ngezinye izikhathi ama-blood clots angakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ngokungadingekile.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Izinombolo ngayinye ine-"Normal Range." Kodwa kufanele wazi ukuthi lezo zinombolo zingahluka kancane kusuka kwelebhu kuya kwelebhu, kanye nokuya ngezinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, ubulili, kanye nokuphakama. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole imininingwane eqondile yezinombolo embikweni wakho, kufanele nakanjani ukhulume nodokotela wakho . Sicela ungacabangi ukuthi unesifo ngokubuka izinto ku-inthanethi noma ngokuziqhathanisa nombiko womngane. Lokho kuzobangela ukwesaba okungadingekile.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kwenziwa kanjani? Ingabe kuyinto okufanele uyesabe?

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ngabe lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-'CBC' kuyinto okufanele uyenze, noma kuzolimaza. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe. Kulula kakhulu, futhi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje.

Ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yegazi emthanjeni ongalweni yakho (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwengqiniba yakho, lapho ibonakala khona kalula). Lokhu kwenziwa udokotela, umhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe, noma uchwepheshe welabhorethri yezokwelapha elabhorethri.

1. Okokuqala, indawo lapho kuzokhishwa khona igazi ihlanzwa kahle ngesibulali-magciwane njengotshwala.

2. Ngemuva kwalokho, inaliti encane, encane (inaliti engcolile) ifakwa ngokucophelela emthanjeni, bese kuqoqwa inani legazi elidingekayo (cishe amamililitha ambalwa) epayipini elikhethekile. Leli payipi liqukethe into yamakhemikhali (i-anticoagulant) evimba igazi ukuthi lingaqini.

3. Ngemva kokususa inaliti, beka ucezu oluncane lweplasta noma uboya bekotini endaweni bese ulubamba lapho isikhashana kuze kube yilapho ukopha kuphele ngokuphelele.

Uma inaliti ifakwa, kungase kuzwakale sengathi intuthwane encane noma umiyane uyakuluma . Kodwa ihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Ngemva kwalokho, abukho ubuhlungu. Abanye abantu bayesaba kancane izinaliti, okuyinto evamile. Uma unjalo, ungabheka eceleni bese uphefumula kakhulu ngenkathi igazi likhishwa. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukwesaba kancane. Ukubamba isandla sakho isikhashana ngemva kokukhishwa kwegazi kuzosiza futhi ukunciphisa amathuba okuba indawo iphenduke luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Leli sampula legazi libe selithunyelwa elabhorethri, lapho kubalwa khona izinhlobo zamaseli okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla bese kuhlolwa imininingwane yawo. Ngokuvamile kungathatha amahora ambalwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngosuku, ukuthi umbiko ufike, kuye ngomthwalo womsebenzi wale labhorethri.

Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule ngale CBC? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sesikhulume kakhulu ngokuhlolwa kwe-`Complete Blood Count (CBC)`. Ngakho-ke, nanka amaphuzu ayinhloko okudingeka uwakhumbule kukho konke lokhu:

• I-'CBC' iwukuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu nokuwusizo okukala izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli egazini lakho, okungukuthi amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet, kanye nezinye izici zawo ezibalulekile (njenge-hemoglobin).
• Lokhu kuhlolwa kukusiza ukuthi uhlole izifo ezithile emzimbeni wakho (isib. i-anemia, izifo ezahlukahlukene, eminye imidlavuza), ubone isimo samanje sesifo, futhi uqaphe imiphumela yemithi.
• Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli egazini lunomsebenzi othile. Amangqamuzana abomvu athwala umoya-mpilo, amangqamuzana amhlophe avikela ezifweni, futhi ama-platelet ayayeka ukopha. Uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuntuleka, impilo yethu ingathinteka.
• Kubalulekile ukushiya incazelo yezinombolo nezinhlamvu embikweni we-'CBC' kudokotela. 'I-'Normal Range' ingahluka kancane kuye ngelabhorethri. Ngakho-ke, ungasheshi ufinyelele eziphethweni bese wesaba noma ujabule ngokungadingekile.
• Ukunikela ngegazi kuyinqubo elula kakhulu ehilela ubuhlungu obuncane, obuthatha imizuzwana embalwa. Akukho okufanele ukwesabe.
• Uma ugula noma unezimpawu ezingachazeki (isib. ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, umkhuhlane ovamile, ukuphuma kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba), bona udokotela ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko. Uma kudingeka, angase acele i-"CBC" noma ezinye izivivinyo.

Okokugcina, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-'CBC' kufana 'nesibuko' esitshela okuningi ngezwe elincane elingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, ngempilo yethu. Ngakho-ke, kuwusizo olukhulu kithi ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa ngesikhathi esifanele, sisebenzise ulwazi olutholakale kukho ngendlela efanele, futhi silondoloze impilo yethu. Ngifisela wonke umuntu impilo enhle!

` Inani eliphelele legazi, i-CBC, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ama-platelet, i-hemoglobin, ukuxilongwa