Kusho ukuthini ukuthi "i-Contagious"? Ake sifunde konke ngakho!

Uma ungenwa umkhuhlane, noma othile emndenini wakho ekhwehlela, ucabanga ukuthi, "O, angazi ukuthi ngizowuthola yini nakwabanye," akunjalo? Ezinye izifo zisakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu zisuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye. Yingakho sizibiza ngokuthi 'zithathelwanayo.' Ngakho-ke namuhla sizokhuluma ngalokhu 'okuthathelwanayo' nokuthi singazivikela kanjani ezifweni ezinjalo. Uma sazi izinto ezifanele, singazigwema izifo eziningi.

Kusho ukuthini ngempela ukuthi “isifo esithathelwanayo”?

Kalula nje, "ukuthelelana" kusho ukuthi isifo singasakazeka kalula sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Cabanga ngomngane wakho enomkhuhlane. Uma ekhwehlela noma ethimula, amagciwane amancane akhishwa emlonyeni nasekhaleni lakhe. Uma useduze naye ngaleso sikhathi, lawo magciwane angangena emzimbeni wakho futhi ungathola nomkhuhlane. Yingakho sibiza umkhuhlane ngokuthi isifo esithathelwanayo .

Ziyini lezi zinambuzane? Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zazo esivame ukukhuluma ngazo.

1. Amabhaktheriya: Lawa amagciwane amancane angabonakali ngeso lenyama. Amanye amabhaktheriya alungele imizimba yethu futhi aze asisize. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zamabhaktheriya zingabangela izifo uma zingena emizimbeni yethu.

2. Amagciwane: Lawa mancane kakhulu kunamagciwane. Amagciwane awakwazi ukuphila ngokwawo; adinga ukungena esitokisini emzimbeni wethu ukuze akhule. Amagciwane avame ukubangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-chickenpox, kanye ne-measles.

Ngakho-ke, uma igciwane (okungukuthi, igciwane noma igciwane) elibangela isifo lingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu liye komunye, sibiza leso sifo ngokuthi "isifo esithathelwanayo."

Lesi sifo esithathelwanayo sisakazeka kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana izifo ezithelelanayo ezingasakazeka ngazo zisuka komunye umuntu ziye komunye. Ake sizibheke manje.

1. Ukuxhumana Okuqondile

Lena indlela elula kakhulu. Lesi sifo singadluliselwa uma uthinta umuntu ogulayo noma uthinta uketshezi lomzimba wakhe.

• Ukuxhawulana: Uma umuntu ogulayo enamagciwane ezandleni zakhe, uma umxhawula, lawo magciwane angangena ezandleni zakho. Uma uthinta umlomo wakho, impumulo, noma amehlo ngaleso sandla, amagciwane angangena emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukuqabulana: Ezinye izifo (njenge-herpes) zingadluliselwa ngokuqabulana.
• Ukuthinta inxeba lomuntu ogulayo: Uketshezi oluvela emanxebeni lungaqukatha amagciwane.

Cabanga nje, umngane wakho uNimal unesifo somkhuhlane. Uhlala esula ikhala lakhe futhi avale umlomo wakhe ngesandla sakhe uma ekhwehlela. Bese enikina isandla sakho ngesandla esifanayo. Bese igciwane lomkhuhlane elalisesandleni sikaNimal lifika esandleni sakho. Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, lokhu kuyinto eyingozi ukuyenza!

2. Ngomoya - Amaconsi nezinhlayiya ezincane

Lena ngokuvamile yindlela eyinhloko izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane ezisakazeka ngayo.

• Uma ukhwehlela futhi uthimula (Droplet Spread):Uma umuntu ogulayo ekhwehlela noma ethimula, akhipha amaconsi amathe kanye noketshezi lwamakhala. La maconsi agcwele amagciwane abangela ukugula. Ngokuvamile angahamba ibanga elingamamitha elilodwa kuya kwamabili. Uma la maconsi ewela ekhaleni, emlonyeni, noma emehlweni omuntu oseduze, angasakaza lesi sifo.
• Uma ukhuluma, uphefumula (Ukusabalala Komoya - kwezinye izifo): Amanye amagciwane mancane kakhulu. Angantanta emoyeni isikhathi eside futhi ahambe amabanga amade. Izifo ezifana nesifo sofuba kanye neSimungumungwane zingasakazeka ngale ndlela.

3. Ukuxhumana Okungaqondile (AmaFomite)

Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngezinto ezithintwe ngumuntu ogulayo.

Cabanga ngomuntu ogulayo ethinta isibambo somnyango, itafula, noma ipeni elisetshenzisiwe noma ucingo ngesandla sakhe esinamagciwane. Uma umuntu ophilile ethinta leyo nto bese ethinta umlomo, impumulo, noma amehlo akhe, angangenwa yileli gciwane. Kwezokwelapha, lezi zinto ezinamagciwane sizibiza ngokuthi 'ama-fomite' .

• Bamba umnyango, bamba ifasitela.
• Amatafula, izihlalo
• Amathoyizi (ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane ezincane)
• Amathawula, amathawula ezandla
• Amanothi, izinhlamvu zemali
• Amafoni, amakhibhodi ekhompyutha

4. Ukudla Namanzi Angcolile

Ezinye izifo ezithelelanayo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlushwa yisisu kanye nesifo sohudo (i-gastroenteritis), zibangelwa ukudla noma ukuphuza ukudla noma amanzi angcolile. Lezi zifo zingatholakala ngokudla ukudla noma ukuphuza amanzi angcoliswe amagciwane.

• Inyama, inhlanzi, namaqanda angaphekiwe kahle
• Izithelo nemifino engagezwanga
• Amanzi angcolile, iziphuzo ezingahlanzwanga kahle

5. Izilwane Nezinambuzane - Izilwane Eziphilayo

Ezinye izifo ezithelelanayo zingasakazeka zisuka ezilwaneni ziye kubantu noma ngezinambuzane. Sibiza izinambuzane ezithwala lezi zifo ngokuthi izinambuzane.

• Omiyane badlulisela izifo ezifana ne-Dengue, i-Malaria, kanye ne-Chikungunya.
• Ezinye izifo zingadluliselwa futhi ngama-fleas nama-tick.
• Ezinye izilwane zingadlulisela izifo ezifana ne-rabies (ngokulunywa yizilwane ezifana nezinja namakati) kanye ne-leptospirosis (ngokusebenzisa amanzi angcoliswe izinto ezifana nomchamo wamagundane).

Manje cishe uyaqonda ukuthi zingaki izindlela izifo ezithelelanayo ezingasakazeka ngazo, akunjalo?

Yiziphi izifo ezithelelanayo ezivame kakhulu?

Kunezifo eziningana ezithelelanayo ezivamile phakathi kwethu.

• Umkhuhlane Ovamile: Lokhu kuyinto cishe wonke umuntu ake wabhekana nayo. Kungabangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane. Kusakazeka ngokukhwehlela nokuthimula.
• Umkhuhlane: Lokhu kubangelwa yigciwane. Kubi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile. Kubangela izinhlungu zomzimba, umkhuhlane omkhulu, kanye nokukhwehlela. Kusakazeka kakhulu emoyeni.
• Inqubulunjwana:Lesi futhi yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane. Sibangela amabhamuza emzimbeni futhi siyaluma. Singasakazeka ngokuthintana ngqo namabhamuza omuntu onegciwane, noma uma ekhwehlela noma ethimula.
• Isimungumungwane: Lesi futhi yisifo esithathelwanayo kakhulu futhi esingaba yingozi esibangelwa amagciwane. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, amehlo abomvu, kanye nokuqubuka. Sisakazeka emoyeni.
• Ukhunta: Isifo esibangelwa yigciwane esibangela ukuvuvukala kwezindlala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zezihlathi. Sisakazeka ngamaconsi amathe.
• I-Covid-19 (COVID-19): Wonke umuntu useyazi ngalokhu manje. Kubangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(SARS-CoV-2)`. Lidluliselwa kakhulu ngomoya, okungukuthi, ngamaconsi akhishwa uma ukhwehlela, uthimula, noma ukhuluma.
• Umkhuhlane We-Typhoid: Lesi yisifo esibangelwa amagciwane futhi sidluliselwa ngokudla namanzi angcolile.
• I-Conjunctivitis / Iso Elipinki: Isifo esibangela ukuba amehlo abe bomvu, alume, futhi abe namanzi. Lokhu futhi kudluliseka kalula. Kungadluliselwa uma ukuphuma kwamehlo komuntu onegciwane kungena ezandleni futhi izandla zithinta amehlo omunye umuntu.

Kunezinye izifo eziningi ezithelelanayo ezifana nalezi. Into ebalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi cishe zonke lezi zifo zisakazwa uhlobo oluthile lwegciwane (ibhaktheriya, igciwane, noma esinye isidalwa esincane).

Ingabe "okuthelelanayo" kanye "nokuthelelanayo" kuyinto efanayo?

Nakuba la magama amabili evame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana, kunomehluko omncane.

"Okuthelelanayo" kusho ukuthi igciwane (ibhaktheriya, igciwane, isikhunta, noma i-parasite) lingena emzimbeni bese libangela izifo.

"Okuthelelanayo" kusho ukuthi lesi sifo esithelelanayo singasakazeka kalula sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye .

Kalula nje, zonke izifo ezithelelanayo ziyisifo esithelelanayo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izifo ezithelelanayo ezithelelanayo.

Isibonelo, i-tetanus yisifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane. Kodwa asisabalali sisuka kumuntu siya komunye. Sibangelwa lapho amagciwane avela endaweni ezungezile (umhlabathi, uthuli) engena emzimbeni ngesilonda.

Kodwa umkhuhlane ovamile uyisifo esithathelwanayo, futhi udluliselwa kalula kusuka komunye umuntu uye komunye. Namuhla sikhuluma kakhulu ngezifo ezithathelwanayo .

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sizivikele ezifweni ezithelelanayo?

Kukhona isisho esithi "ukuvimbela kungcono kunokwelapha." Lokho kuyiqiniso nangalezi zifo ezithelelanayo. Uma siqaphela kakhudlwana, singazigwema eziningi zalezi zifo. Lezi izinto ezilula kakhulu, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu.

1. Geza Izandla Zakho Njalo

Lena yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu nelula kakhulu . Izandla zethu zingaqukatha izigidi zamagciwane angabonakali. Yingakho ukugeza izandla zakho ngendlela efanele kubaluleke kangaka.

• Kufanele ugeze nini izandla zakho?
• Ngaphambi kokudla nangaphambi kokulungisa ukudla.
• Ngemva kokuya endlini yokugezela.
• Uma uvala umlomo wakho ngesandla sakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, khona-ke...
• Ngemva kokuvakashela umuntu ogulayo, noma ngemva kokuthinta umuntu ogulayo.
• Ngemva kokuthinta izilwane.
• Ngemva kokuphuma nokubuyela ekhaya.
• Ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlanza inxeba.
• Ngemva kokuhlanza impumulo.
• Uzigeza kanjani izandla zakho ngendlela efanele?
• Okokuqala, manzisa izandla zakho ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
• Bese, engeza insipho eyanele bese uyihlikihla kuze kube yilapho ikhipha amagwebu kahle.
• Hlikihla ingemuva lesandla sakho, phakathi kweminwe yakho, ngaphansi kwezinzipho zakho, kanye nozwane lwakho olukhulu. Kufanele uhlikihle okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 (ungacula ngengqondo ingoma ethi "Usuku Lokuzalwa Olujabulisayo" kabili).
• Bese uyigeza kahle ngensipho namanzi.
• Sula izandla zakho ngendwangu ehlanzekile noma i-tissue. Ezindaweni zomphakathi, kungcono ukusebenzisa umshini wokomisa izandla, noma ulethe i-tissue yakho.

Uma insipho namanzi kungatholakali, ungasebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esiqukethe okungenani u-60% wotshwala. Kodwa khumbula, uma izandla zakho zingcolile, isihlanzi sodwa asanelanga. Ukugeza izandla zakho ngensipho kungcono kakhulu.

2. Vala umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela futhi uthimula.

Uma unomkhuhlane noma ukhwehlela, uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula, amagciwane akhishwa emoyeni. Lokhu kungathelela abanye.

• Sebenzisa njalo izicubu ukuvala umlomo nekhala lakho. Lahla ngokushesha izicubu ezisetshenzisiwe emgqonyeni kadoti ovaliwe.
• Uma ungenawo umshini wokuhlikihla, ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula ungene engonweni yendololwane yakho (ohlangothini lapho indololwane yakho igoba khona). Ungalokothi usebenzise izandla zakho ezingenalutho. Ngoba uma izandla zakho zithola amagciwane, zisakazekela kukho konke okuthintayo.

3. Hlala Ekhaya Uma Ugula

Uma unezimpawu zesifo esithelelanayo (njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ikhala eligobhozayo, izinhlungu zomzimba, uhudo, ukuhlanza), hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka. Gwema ukuya ehhovisi, esikoleni, noma ezindaweni zomphakathi. Lokhu kuzokusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa lesi sifo kwabanye. Kuzokunikeza nesikhathi sokululama ngokushesha.

4. Thola Ukugonywa

Imithi yokugoma iyisikhali esinamandla sokulwa nezifo eziningi ezithelelanayo. Kunemithi yokugoma yezifo ezifana nesimungumungwane, ugobho, i-rubella, i-chickenpox, i-influenza, i-COVID-19, isifo sofuba, i-polio, kanye ne-hepatitis B. Le mithi yokugoma iqeqesha amasosha omzimba ethu ukulwa nalezo zifo.

• Nikeza izingane yonke imijovo enikezwa ngaphansi koHlelo Lukazwelonke Lokugoma ngesikhathi.
• Abantu abadala bangadinga nemithi yokugoma (isib., umkhuhlane, i-pneumonia, i-tetanus booster). Buza udokotela ngalezi zinto.

5. Hlanza futhi Ubulale Amagciwane Ezindaweni Ezithintwa Njalo

Izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa njengezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, izibani zokukhanyisa, ocingweni, amakhibhodi ekhompyutha, kanye nezindlu zangasese zingaba namagciwane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlanza lezi zindawo njalo bese uzisula ngesibulali-magciwane esifanele, ikakhulukazi uma othile ekhaya egula.

6. Ungabelani Ngezinto Zomuntu Siqu

Ungabelani ngamathawula, izinsingo, amazinyo okuxubha, izitsha zokudlela, namabhodlela amanzi nabanye. Lokhu kungasakaza izifo.

7. Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo

Ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, ukulala ngokwanele (okungenani amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku), kanye nokuzivocavoca kungasiza ekugcineni amasosha omzimba wakho esezingeni elihle. Lokhu kuzokwandisa ikhono lakho lokumelana nokugula.

Isibonelo esincane: Cabanga ngomuntu ehhovisi lakho onesifo somkhuhlane. Uma engawuvali umlomo wakhe ngezandla zakhe lapho ekhwehlela noma ethimula, lawo magciwane angangena emadeskini nasezinkinobheni zeminyango ehhovisi. Uma uthinta lezo zindawo bese udla ukudla ngaphandle kokugeza izandla zakho, cishe uzogula. Kodwa uma wonke umuntu eqaphela kanje, uma egeza izandla zakhe, futhi uma egula, anganciphisa kakhulu ukusabalala kwalolu hlobo lwesifo, akunjalo?

Yini okufanele uyenze uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo esithathelwanayo?

Ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siqaphile kangakanani, sisengagula. Uma lokho kwenzeka, yenzani lezi zinto.

1. Funa iseluleko sezokwelapha: Uma unezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, izinhlungu zomzimba ezinzima, isifo sohudo esingalawuleki noma ukuhlanza, noma uma ukugula kwakho kungathuthuki phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Ngemuva kwalokho ungathola ukuthi yini ngempela engalungile bese uthola ukwelashwa okudingekayo. Ikakhulukazi uma useqenjini elisengozini (ingane encane, umuntu osekhulile, owesifazane okhulelwe, umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

2. Ukuphumula: Ukuphumula umzimba wakho kuyasiza ukuthi uphole ngokushesha.

3. Phuza uketshezi oluningi: Uma unomkhuhlane noma uhudo, umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi. Ngakho-ke phuza amanzi amaningi, umhluzi, iphalishi, isobho, kanye nojusi wezithelo.

4. Vimbela ukusabalalisa igciwane kwabanye: Hlala ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka. Gcina ibanga phakathi kwabanye (ukuqhelelana nabantu). Kungcono uma ungahlala ekamelweni elihlukile. Mboza umlomo wakho uma ukhwehlela futhi uthimula. Geza izandla zakho njalo. Geza izitsha ozisebenzisayo ngokwehlukana.

5. Landela imiyalelo kadokotela: Thatha umuthi njengoba uyalelwe, ngesikhathi, isikhathi sonke. Yenza lokho akutshela ukuthi ukwenze.

Izinto okufanele sizikhumbule kule ndaba (Umyalezo Ohamba Nawo Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, sikhulume kakhulu ngezifo ezithelelanayo namuhla, akunjalo? Ukukhumbula lezi zinto kuzoba yinzuzo enkulu kuwe, emndenini wakho, nakwabanye emphakathini.

• "Okuthelelanayo" kusho ukuthi amagciwane abangela isifo adluliselwa komunye umuntu aye komunye.
• Lesi sifo singasakazeka ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa nomoya, ngokuthintana, ngokudla namanzi angcolile, kanye nangezinto ezingcolisiwe (ama-fomite).
• Ukugeza izandla kuyindlela engcono kakhulu nelula yokuzivikela ezifweni ezithelelanayo. Kulungile, geza izandla zakho njalo.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukumboza umlomo nekhala lakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula.
• Uma unezimpawu zesifo esithelelanayo, hlala ekhaya ukuze ugweme ukusidlulisela kwabanye.
• Imithi yokugoma iyisivikelo esinamandla ezifweni eziningi ezithelelanayo. Thola imithi yokugoma efanele.
• Uma ungabaza, uma unesifo, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha . Ungenzi lokho ozizwayo, lalela lokho okushiwo udokotela.

Khumbula, ngokulandela le mikhuba emincane yezempilo, singagwema izifo eziningi ezinkulu futhi sihlale siphilile. Uma sonke sikunakekela lokhu, singenza umphakathi wethu wonke ube nempilo enhle. Ukuphepha kwakho kubaluleke njengokuphepha kwabanye!

Izifo ezithathelwanayo, imikhuba yezempilo, ukugeza izandla, ukugoma, ukuvikelwa kumagciwane, amagciwane, izifo