Ingabe ukutheleleka esifubeni? Ukukhwehlela nje? Noma ingabe i-pneumonia? Ake sixoxe!

Wake waba nomkhuhlane onomuzwa wokuqina esifubeni sakho kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula? Esikhathini esiningi, sicabanga ngalokhu njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yinto engathi sína kakhulu. Yilokho i-pneumonia eyikho. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia ngokuningiliziwe futhi kalula, kulungile?

Iyini ngempela i-pneumonia?

Kalula nje, i-pneumonia iwukutheleleka kwamaphaphu akho. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, yilapho amasaka amancane omoya ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu akho abizwa ngokuthi i-alveoli evuvukala futhi egcwala uketshezi noma ubomvu. Cabanga ngamaphaphu akho njengeqoqo elincane lamagilebhisi atholakala ngemuva kwama-bronchioles ahluma njengamagatsha esihlahla. Lawa masaka omoya yilapho umoya-mpilo esiwuphefumulayo umuncwa khona egazini. Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani lapho lawa etheleleka? Awukwazi ukumunca umoya-mpilo kahle, unenkinga yokuphefumula, uzwa ubuhlungu esifubeni, futhi ukhwehlela amafinyila. Uyaqonda? Lokhu kungenzeka ephashini elilodwa nje, noma kungenzeka kuwo womabili amaphaphu.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-pneumonia?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko zalesi sifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pneumonia. Isikhathi esiningi, sibangelwa izinto ezincane ezingabonakali emehlweni ethu.

• Amabhaktheriya: I-pneumonia ingenzeka uma izinhlobo ezithile zamabhaktheriya zingena emaphashini. I-Streptococcus pneumoniae iyimbangela evamile ye-pneumonia. Lolu hlobo lwamabhaktheriya ngokuvamile alubangeli monakalo emphinjeni nasemakhaleni ethu, kodwa lungaba yinkinga uma lungena emaphashini lapho amasosha ethu omzimba ebuthaka.
• Amagciwane: Amagciwane abangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kanye nomkhuhlane esiwuthola sonke ngezinye izikhathi angathuthuka abe yi-pneumonia. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu asebekhulile. Izibonelo zamagciwane zifaka phakathi `(igciwane lomkhuhlane)` (silibiza ngokuthi igciwane 'lomkhuhlane'), `(igciwane lokuphefumula elihambisana nokuhambisana nokuphefumula - RSV)`. Sibonile ukuthi igciwane le-Covid-19 (`i-COVID-19`) lingabangela ne-pneumonia enzima.
• Isikhunta: Lokhu akuvamile kangako, kodwa abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, noma labo abanezinye izifo ezinkulu (isib. i-HIV/AIDS), nabo bangaba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yokutheleleka ngesikhunta.
• Ukuhogela ukudla noma uketshezi emigwaqweni yomoya (i-Aspiration Pneumonia): Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangazi lutho (isib., umuntu oke waba nesifo sohlangothi) noma abanobunzima bokugwinya, ukudla noma isiphuzo, noma okuqukethwe esiswini (uketshezi olune-asidi) kungangena emaphashini, okubangela i-pneumonia. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-aspiration pneumonia.

Bheka, kunezimbangela ezahlukene, akunjalo? Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi udokotela kudingeka athole ukuthi hlobo luni lwegciwane elibangela lokhu ngaphambi kokukwelapha.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-pneumonia?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-pneumonia ngokusekelwe endleleni eqala ngayo nokuthi ivela kuphi. Awudingi ukufunda lokhu njengokungathi uya esivivinyweni esikhulu, kodwa kuhle ukwazi okuncane.

• I-Pneumonia Etholakale Emphakathini (i-CAP): Lolu uhlobo lwe-pneumonia esivame ukuyibona, etholakala ngaphandle kwezibhedlela, ezindaweni zansuku zonke.
• I-Pneumonia Etholakale Esibhedlela (HAP): I-Pneumonia eqala ngesikhathi umuntu esesibhedlela ngenxa yesinye isifo (ngokuvamile zingakapheli amahora angu-48 engeniswe esibhedlela). Lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu, njengoba amagciwane atholakala ezibhedlela ngezinye izikhathi engase amelane nemithi.
• I-Hambang Pneumonia: Lolu uhlobo lwe-pneumonia oluthambile nolungenamandla kangako. Abanye abantu abazi nokuthi banalo, luzwakala njengomkhuhlane ovamile. Bangakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke, yingakho lubizwa ngokuthi i-“hambang pneumonia”. Kodwa futhi lungaba yingozi uma lungelashwa kahle.

Ngisho noma kunezinhlobo ezinjengalezi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-pneumonia? - Izimpawu

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu ongase uzithole uma uthola i-pneumonia. Lezi aziveli ngendlela efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu. Abanye abantu bangase baqale kancane, kanti abanye bangase baqale ngokuzumayo.

• Ukukhwehlela: Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko. Ukukhwehlela ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuveze i-phlegm ephuzi, eluhlaza, onsundu, noma enegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi kungaqala njengokukhwehlela okomile.
• Umkhuhlane: Ungase ube nomkhuhlane, ongaba phezulu kuze kufike kuma-degree Celsius angu-38 (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit) noma ngaphezulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ubunzima bokuphefumula uma ukhathele kancane, noma uzizwa uphelelwa umoya noma ukuphefumula ngokushesha ngisho noma umile nje.
• Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ungase uzwe ubuhlungu obuhlabayo ohlangothini olulodwa noma phakathi kwesifuba sakho uma uphefumula noma ukhwehlela. Lobuhlungu bungase bube bubi nakakhulu uma uphefumula ngokujulile.
• Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ungakwazi ukwenza lutho.
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma uhudo: Abanye abantu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane.
• Ukudideka noma ukushintsha kwengqondo: Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu kubantu abadala (abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 ubudala). Bangase babe nokudideka okuthile, njengokulahlekelwa umuzwa wendawo nesikhathi.
• Ukujuluka nokuzizwa ubanda.
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (ukucindezeleka) kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha.

Okubalulekile: Ngaphezu komkhuhlane nokukhwehlela, ingane ene-pneumonia ingabonisa nezimpawu ezifana nokuhudula isifuba, ukuphefumula ngokushesha, ukwenqaba ukuncelisa, ukozela, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuvuvukala kwesisu. Ngakho-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu enganeni , kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kungcono ukubona udokotela kunokuthi umane ucabange ukuthi umkhuhlane.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-pneumonia?

Nakuba noma ubani engaba ne-pneumonia, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nayo, okungukuthi, basengozini enkulu .

• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala: Ngoba amasosha omzimba azo awakakhuli ngokugcwele.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Ngoba amasosha omzimba ayawohloka njengoba ekhula futhi kungase kube nezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona.
• Ababhemayo: Ukubhema konakalisa izindlela zokuzivikela zamaphaphu, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ahlaselwe amagciwane.
• Abantu abanezinye izifo zamaphaphu: Isibonelo, abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-asthma, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD), kanye ne-cystic fibrosis.
• Abantu abanesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka: Abantu abane-HIV/AIDS, abantu abathatha imithi yomdlavuza (isib. i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy), abantu abathola izitho zomzimba, kanye nabantu abathatha imithi yesikhathi eside ecindezela isimiso somzimba, njenge-steroids, banekhono eliphansi lokulwa nezifo.
• Abantu abanezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, kanye nesifo sezinso.
• Abantu abasanda kuhlinzwa kakhulu noma abathola ukwelashwa esibhedlela, ikakhulukazi labo abaxhunywe kumshini wokuphefumula.
• Abantu abanenkinga yokugwinya (i-dysphagia), isibonelo, ngenxa yesifo sohlangothi, isifo sikaParkinson.

Uma uwela kulesi sigaba, kungumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-pneumonia, futhi ucabange ngezindlela zokuvimbela i-pneumonia.

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-pneumonia?

Uma uya kudokotela, uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole ukuthi une-pneumonia yini.

• Uzobuzwa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha: Ziyini izimpawu zakho, usunesikhathi esingakanani unazo, unazo ezinye izifo, uyabhema, uke wahamba uhambo muva nje, futhi ingabe ukhona omunye umuntu ohlala ekhaya lakho ogulayo?
• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Udokotela uzolalela isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope, efuna imisindo engavamile (njengokuqhekeka kanye ne-rhonchi) emaphashini akho. Bazohlola nomkhuhlane, izinga lokuphefumula, kanye nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• I-X-ray yesifuba: Lesi yisilingo esivame kakhulu esisetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa i-pneumonia. I-X-ray ingabonisa ngokucacile izindawo zokutheleleka (njengamabala amhlophe) emaphashini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi:Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-FBC) kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona yini ukutheleleka (ukwanda kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi) nokuthi kuyingozi kangakanani. Ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-C-Reactive Protein (CRP) kunganikeza nombono wobucayi bokutheleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kungenziwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukutheleleka kuyingozi.
• Ukukhuliswa kwe-sputum kanye ne-Gram stain: Uma une-phlegm, lolu vivinyo lungenziwa ukuze kuthathwe isampula ye-phlegm bese kutholwa ukuthi yiliphi igciwane elikuyo. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukunikeza umuthi ofanele walelo gciwane.
• I-Pulse Oximetry: Idivayisi encane efana ne-clip inamathiselwe emunweni wakho ukuze kulinganiswe ukugcwala komoya-mpilo egazini lakho. Lokhu kungaba kuncane kakhulu kwi-pneumonia (ngokuvamile kufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-95%).

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuhlolwa okukhethekile, njengokuhlolwa kwe-CT (kwesifuba), ukuhlolwa koketshezi lwe-pleural, noma i-bronchoscopy. Kodwa isikhathi esiningi, i-pneumonia ingatholakala ngokuhlolwa okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-pneumonia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-pneumonia kuncike ezintweni ezifana nembangela (yamagciwane noma yegciwane), ubudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kanye nobunzima bezimpawu zakho.

• Nge-pneumonia yamagciwane: Udokotela wakho uvame ukukunikeza ama-antibiotic . Kubalulekile ukuthatha le mithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile, isikhathi sonke sokwelashwa kwakho. Ungayeki ukuyithatha ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukutheleleka kwakho kube kubi kakhulu noma kubangele ukumelana nama-antibiotic.
• Nge-pneumonia ebangelwa amagciwane: Ama-antibiotic awasebenzi ngokumelene namagciwane. Kwezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (njengalezo ezibangelwa umkhuhlane), imithi yokulwa namagciwane inganikezwa zingakapheli amahora angu-48 okuqala okugula. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane liyaziqeda zingakapheli izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa. Kubalulekile ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele kanye noketshezi (amanzi, isobho, ujusi wezithelo) phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
• Nge-pneumonia yesikhunta: Kusetshenziswa imithi yokulwa nesikhunta kulokhu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithi inikezwa ukulawula izimpawu:

• Nciphisa umkhuhlane, nciphisa ubuhlungu: into efana ne-paracetamol.
• Umuthi Wokukhwehlela: Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela abanikezi imithi yokunciphisa ukukhwehlela ngoba ukukhwehlela kuyindlela yemvelo yokususa amafinyila emaphashini. Uma kunefinyila eningi, bangase banikeze imithi yokukhipha amafinyila ukuze inciphise kancane.

Ekhaya? Esibhedlela?

Iningi labantu lingalulama ekushayweni yi-pneumonia ekhaya ngokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, uma isimo sakho sibi kakhulu, njengobunzima bokuphefumula, amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini (ngaphansi kuka-92% ku-pulse oximeter), umuntu omdala (oneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 ubudala), umuntu onezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezingathi sína, noma ingane encane (ikakhulukazi engaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala), udokotela wakho angase anqume ukukulalisa esibhedlela. Esibhedlela, unganikezwa ama-antibiotic e-IV, ukwelashwa komoya-mpilo, isisombululo se-saline uma kudingeka, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezidingekayo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulalela lokho okushiwo udokotela bese uthola ukwelashwa okufanele. Uma uthatha umuthi ofanele futhi uphumule ngokwanele, uzoqala ukuzizwa ungcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Kodwa kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukululama ngokuphelele.

Izindlela zokugwema i-pneumonia

Kukhona isisho esithi, "Kungcono ukuphepheka kunokuzisola ngemva kokugula." Ake sibone ukuthi yini esingayenza ukuze sigweme i-pneumonia.

• Thola Imithi Yokugoma: Kunemithi yokugoma elwa namagciwane athile abangela i-pneumonia.
• Umuthi wokugomela i-pneumococcal: Lo muthi uvikela amagciwane i-Streptococcus pneumoniae. Kunconywa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala, kanye nabantu abanezifo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona.
• Umuthi wokugomela umkhuhlane (umjovo womkhuhlane): Ukuthola lo muthi wokugomela minyaka yonke kungavimbela umkhuhlane futhi kungavikela ne-pneumonia ebangelwa umkhuhlane.
• Thola eminye imijovo yokuvikela izingane (njengomjovo we-Hib kanye nomjovo we-measles) ngesikhathi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngale mithi yokugoma bese uthola ekufanele.

• Landela imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka:
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi (okungenani imizuzwana engama-20), ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ngemva kokugula, nangemva kokuphuma ngaphandle. Sebenzisa insipho noma isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ngendololwane yakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula. Lahla ithishu ezisetshenzisiwe emgqonyeni kadoti ngokushesha.
• Zama ukuhlala kude nabantu abagulayo. Uma ugula, hlala ekhaya ukuze ugweme ukusabalala kwabanye.
• Gwema ukubhema: Uma ubhema, zama ukuyeka. Gwema ukuphefumula intuthu uma useduze nabanye abantu ababhemayo (ukubhema ugwayi). Ukubhema konakalisa izindlela zemvelo zokuzivikela zamaphaphu.
• Gcina amasosha omzimba wakho eqinile: Yidla ukudla okunempilo (imifino, izithelo, kanye nokudla okusanhlamvu okuphelele), lala ngokwanele (amahora angu-7-8 ngosuku), futhi uvivinye umzimba njalo. Lezi zinto zizokwandisa ikhono lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo.
• Lawula izifo ezingamahlalakhona: Uma unezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo senhliziyo, noma i-asthma, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ukuze uziphathe kahle.

Lezi zinto ezincane zingenza umehluko omkhulu, akunjalo?

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, ngaphandle komkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane ongapheli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

• Uma unenkinga enkulu yokuphefumula , noma uma isifuba sakho sibuhlungu uma uphefumula.
• Uma unezinhlungu zesifuba ezinzima .
• Uma umkhuhlane ungehli izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 , ​​noma uma umkhuhlane uqhubeka uphakeme ngaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-39 (102 Fahrenheit).
• Uma ukhwehlela igazi .
• Uma izindebe zakho noma izinzipho zakho ziphenduka zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lesi yisimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cyanosis, uphawu lokuthi igazi lakho alitholi umoya-mpilo owanele).
• Uma kukhona ukudideka noma izinguquko engqondweni (ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile).
• Uma kuzwakala sengathi kuya kuba kubi kakhulu kunakuqala , noma uma kuzwakala sengathi kubi kakhulu kunomkhuhlane ovamile.
• Uma uhlanza njalo futhi ungakwazi ukugcina lutho phansi.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, ikakhulukazi enganeni encane (ikakhulukazi ingane engaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili ubudala), umuntu osekhulile, noma othile onezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona, kungcono ukumyisa kudokotela ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Ekuphetheni, khumbula lokhu:

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu nge-pneumonia namuhla, akunjalo? Khumbula, i-pneumonia ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Ingabangelwa amagciwane afana namagciwane namagciwane. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu:

* Uma usola ukuthi unezimpawu ze-pneumonia, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ungazinyangi.

* Thatha imithi oyinikezwe udokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi ama-antibiotic, ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe kanye nomthamo onqunyiwe. Ungayeki ukuyithatha ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono.

* I-pneumonia ingavinjelwa kakhulu ngokugonywa, ukuzigcina uhlanzekile (ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla), nokugwema ukubhema.

* Phumula ngokwanele, udle ukudla okunomsoco, futhi uhlale unamanzi emzimbeni.

I-pneumonia akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa futhi akuyona into okufanele inganakwa. Uma uthola ukwelashwa okufanele, ungalulama ngokushesha. Ngikufisela impilo enhle wena nomndeni wakho!

I- pneumonia, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, ukukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ama-antibiotic, amaphaphu, i-X-ray, amabhaktheriya, igciwane