Ake sifunde kabanzi ngeSifo samaLegionnaires! Ake sixoxe!

Wake wezwa ngesifo samaLegionnaires? Igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile, akunjalo? Kodwa empeleni ukutheleleka okuthinta amaphaphu ethu, futhi kungaba yingozi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi. Kubangelwa yibhaktheriya. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngeSifo samaLegionnaires ngendlela elula neqondakala kalula.

Iyini Isifo Se-Legionnaires?

Kalula nje, isifo se-Legionnaires siwukutheleleka okukhulu kwamaphaphu ethu okubangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi `(Legionella)`. Sifana ne-pneumonia. Singathinti amaphaphu ethu kuphela, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ubuchopho bethu ngisho nomgudu wethu wokugaya ukudla.

Kukhona omunye umkhuhlane omncane obangelwa yibhaktheriya efanayo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pontiac fever. Awubi mkhulu njengesifo se-Legionnaires, futhi ubangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile, njengomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba. Kodwa-ke, isifo se-Legionnaires singasongela impilo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-pneumonia nesifo se-Legionnaires?

Manje cishe ucabanga ukuthi, "Ngakho-ke i-pneumonia nesifo se-Legionnaires ziyizinto ezimbili ezihlukene?" Yebo, zihlukile. I-pneumonia yigama elivamile lokutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Isifo se-Legionnaires siwuhlobo olufanayo lwe-pneumonia, kodwa kwenzeka ngqo lapho igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(Legionella)` lingena emaphashini.

Iningi labantu abathola lesi sifo futhi abalaliswe esibhedlela banezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane nokukhwehlela. Kodwa-ke, abanye bangase babe nezinye izimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo kanye nokudideka (ukulahlekelwa ukwazi).

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola isifo seLegionnaires?

Eqinisweni, akuwona wonke umuntu ochayeke kubhaktheriya i-`(Legionella)` ozoqala lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokusiqala. Bheka ukuthi la maqiniso ayasebenza yini kuwe:

• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 ubudala.
• Uma ubhema, noma uke wabhema esikhathini esidlule.
• Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka. Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha (isibonelo, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, isifo sezinso noma sesibindi) kanye neminye imithi kunganciphisa amasosha omzimba wakho.
• Uma unesifo sokuphefumula sesikhathi eside, njenge-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu) noma i-Emphysema.
• Uma uhlala esikhungweni sokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, njengekhaya lasebekhulile.
• Uma usanda kulaliswa esibhedlela.
• Uma usanda kuhlinzwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia.
• Uma usanda kufakelwa isitho.

Laba bantu bathambekele kakhulu ekutholeni isifo samaLegionnaires kunabanye.

Sivame kangakanani isifo seLegionnaires?

Ezweni elifana neMelika, abantu ababalelwa ku-18,000 bangeniswa esibhedlela minyaka yonke ngenxa yalesi sifo. Sivame ukubonakala kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba. Izimo ezifanayo zingabikwa naseSri Lanka, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuqaphela.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo seLegionnaires?

Izimpawu zeLegionella ziqala ukuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili kuya kweziyishumi nane ngemuva kokuchayeka kubhaktheriya. Izimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia yizo eziqala ukuvela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezihilela uhlelo lwezinzwa (ubuchopho) kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla (amathumbu) nazo zingavela.

Ake sibheke ezinye zezimpawu eziyinhloko:

• Umkhuhlane (ngokuvamile odlula ama-degree Celsius angu-40 (104⁰ F/40⁰ C))
• Ukukhwehlela (ngokuvamile ukukhwehlela okomile)
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (i-Dyspnea)
• Uhudo
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isicanucanu (ukuzizwa ugula)
• Ukudideka (ukudideka, ukudideka)
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-Hemoptysis)
• Ubuhlungu besisu

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela isifo seLegionnaires?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, imbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo yibhaktheriya `(Legionella)`. Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-60 zamabhaktheriya `(Legionella)`, evame kakhulu ebangela isifo seLegionnaires `(Legionella pneumophila). Lesi sifo senzeka lapho leli bhaktheriya lingena emaphashini ethu futhi libangela ukutheleleka.

Leli gciwane elithi `(Legionella)` lihlala ngokwemvelo emachibini, emifuleni, nasenhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, livame ukusabalala kubantu ezindaweni ezifana nezinhlelo zamanzi nezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya ezakhiweni ezinkulu. Isibonelo, uma lezi zinhlelo emahhotela, ezibhedlela, nasemahhovisi amakhulu zinganakekelwa kahle, leli gciwane lingakhula futhi likhishwe emoyeni njengamaconsi amanzi. Uma siphefumula lawo maconsi amanzi, angaya ngqo emaphashini ethu. Noma, amanzi angcolile emlonyeni wethu angangena ngengozi "emphinjeni" futhi angene emaphashini ethu (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(aspiration)`).

Isifo samaLegionnaire sisakazeka kanjani kithi?

Lesi sifo sidluliselwa kakhulu ngokuphefumula amaconsi amancane amanzi (amanzi afakwe umoya noma inkungu) angcoliswe yibhaktheriya iLegionella. Noma, ngokuphefumula amanzi angcolisiwe ngqo emaphashini (i-aspiration).

Ukuqubuka kwesifo seLegionnaires kubikwe ezindaweni ezifana namahhotela, izibhedlela, izindawo zokuhlala asebekhulile kanye nemikhumbi yokudoba. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvame ukubikwa njengezehlakalo ezingavamile.

Kunezindawo eziningana lapho lesi sifo singadluliselwa khona:

• Ama-hot tub nama-jacuzzi
• Ikhanda leshawa (ishawa ezindlini zokugezela)
• Impompi yamanzi
• Ama-humidifier
• Izici zamanzi okuhlobisa njengemithombo yamanzi
• Izinhlelo zokushisa nokupholisa ezakhiweni ezinkulu
• Ukufakwa kwepayipi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
• Inhlabathi (ikakhulukazi ebangelwa ukuphefumula uthuli ezindaweni zokwakha)

Okubalulekile: Isifo samaLegionnaires asisabalali sisuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Okusho ukuthi, akusona isifo esithelelanayo. Usithola kuphela uma uthola amagciwane endaweni ezungezile.

Isifo sikaLegionnaire sitholakala kanjani?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo sikaLegionnaires, uma ubona udokotela, bazoqala bakubuze ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wakho wezempilo, kanye nanoma yimuphi umlando wohambo lwakamuva. Bese bezokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo noma ukuhlolwa kwesikhohlela: Lezi yizivivinyo ezivame kakhulu. Zibheka amagciwane eLegionella kusampula yomchamo wakho noma kusampula yesikhohlela esiphuma ekukhwehleleni kwakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Kungathathwa isampula yegazi lakho ukuze kuhlolwe ama-antibodies noma izingxenye zamagciwane umzimba wakho owawenzile ngokumelene namagciwane e-Legionella. Lokhu kungahlola nokuthi ezinye izitho zakho zomzimba zisebenza kahle kangakanani.
• I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan: Lezi zithombe zingasiza ekuhloleni ukutheleleka emaphashini akho, njenge-pneumonia.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela angadinga ukufaka ithubhu elincane, elifakwe ikhamera emaphashini. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi ahlole ngqo ingaphakathi lamaphaphu futhi athathe amasampula ukuze ahlolwe.
• I-Thoracentesis: Uma kukhona uketshezi oluzungeze amaphaphu, isampula yalolo ketshezi ingathathwa futhi ihlolwe amagciwane e-Legionella.

Lezi zivivinyo ziyindlela kuphela yokunquma ngokunembile ukuthi unesifo se-Legionnaires noma cha.

Isifo sikaLegionnaire siphathwa kanjani?

Isifo se-Legionnaires selashwa ngama -antibiotic . Lawa ma-antibiotic anganikezwa njengomjovo emthanjeni (IV) noma njengamaphilisi, kuye ngokuthi isifo sibucayi kangakanani.

Uma unenkinga yokuphefumula, kungadingeka unikezwe umoya-mpilo. Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kuvame ukudinga ukuhlala esibhedlela.

Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ekwelapheni yilezi:

• I-Azithromycin
• I-Levofloxacin, i-Moxifloxacin noma i-Ciprofloxacin
• I-Tetracycline, i-doxycycline , noma i-minocycline
• I-Rifampin (enikezwa kanye namanye ama-antibiotic)

Kwezinye izimo ezinzima, uma ungakwazi ukuphefumula wedwa, kungadingeka unikezwe usizo lokuphefumula ngosizo lomshini (umoya womoya).

Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele esifweni samaLegionnaires?

Kunezinto thina, kanye nabaphathi bokwakha, esingazenza ukunciphisa le ngozi.

• Abaphathi bezakhiwo ezinkulu: Kubalulekile ukunakekela nokubulala amagciwane ngendlela efanele amapayipi, umoya opholile kanye nemibhoshongo yokupholisa yesakhiwo sakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekulawuleni ukukhula kwamagciwane eLegionella.
• Izinto esingazenza ekhaya:
• Hlanza izinto ezifana nama-shower head, ama-faucet, ama-hot tub, kanye nama-humidifier njalo.
• Ungasebenzisi amanzi alula esikhundleni soketshezi lwe-wiper ye-wiper emotweni yakho, njengoba la magciwane angakhula nakulelo thangi lamanzi.

Yini ongayilindela uma unesifo se-Legionnaires?

Isifo se-Legionnaires singakwenza ugule kakhulu, ngokuvamile sidinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi singelashwa ngama-antibiotic.

Kuzodingeka uphuze imithi ngisho nangemva kokufika ekhaya uvela esibhedlela kuze kube yilapho ukutheleleka sekuphelile ngokuphelele. Abanye abantu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu izinyanga eziningana ngemva kokuba sebelulame:

• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (Ukukhathala)
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela noma ukuhlanganisa
• Ubunzima bokuhamba
• Inkulumo engaqondakali
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha

Uma izimpawu ezinjengalezi ziqhubeka, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Izinkinga zesifo seLegionnaires

Ngezinye izikhathi, isifo se-Legionnaires singadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Lokhu kungathinta izitho zethu zomzimba kanye nemisipha.

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula: Uma amaphaphu engakwazi ukunikeza umoya-mpilo owanele egazini, kubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kokuphefumula. Kulokhu, ukuphefumula kunikezwa ngosizo lomshini (umoya wokuphefumula owenziwe ngomshini).
• Ukulimala kwezinso okubukhali (AKI): Uma izinso ziyeka ukusebenza, azikwazi ukuhlunga imfucuza egazini. Lokhu kwelashwa ngemithi noma ngomshini wokuhlanza igazi (i-dialysis).
• I-Encephalopathy: Izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa (ukudideka, izinkinga zokulinganisela, ubunzima bokukhuluma) zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu.
• I-Empyema: Umgodi ogcwele ubomvu esikhaleni esizungeze amaphaphu. Lokhu kungadinga ipayipi lesifuba ukuze kukhishwe ubomvu.
• Ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo yakho: Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane enhliziyo kungabangela ukuvuvukala. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungelashwa ngemithi.
• I-Rhabdomyolysis: Isimo esibangelwa ukulimala kwemisipha nokuwohloka kwayo. Lokhu kwelashwa ngokususa ubuthi emzimbeni.

Lezi zinkinga azenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa uma lesi sifo siba sibi kakhulu, lezi zinto zingenzeka, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ungakwazi yini ukusinda esifweni samaLegionnaire?

Nakuba isifo se-Legionnaires siyisimo esibi kakhulu, abantu abaningi bayalulama kuso. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, izinga lokufa ngenxa yokutheleleka kwamaphaphu okubangelwa yi-Legionella liphakathi kuka-5% no-10%. Kodwa-ke, uma singelashwa, ingozi yokufa ingaba phezulu ku-30% kuya ku-80%. Ngakho-ke, ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu kungasindisa impilo.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo seLegionnaires (njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ukuphelelwa umoya, isifo sohudo, kanye nokudideka esixoxe ngakho ekuqaleni), bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Futhi, uma uthola ngokuqubuka kwesifo seLegionnaires lapho usebenza noma uhlala khona, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha okufanele uzithathe.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unomkhuhlane ophakeme, ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula, ukukhwehlela igazi, noma izimpawu ezihlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa (izinkinga zokulinganisela, ukukhuluma okungacacile, ukudideka), iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi unesifo seLegionnaires, ungase ufune ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?
• Kufanele ngiwusebenzise kanjani ngempela lo muthi?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma eziqhubekayo okufanele ngikhathazeke ngazo?

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngakho-ke, i-Legionnaires' Disease, esikhulume ngayo namuhla, iyisimo okudingeka sikhathazeke ngaso ngempela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi singasongela ukuphila. Kodwa, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iyisifo esingelapheka futhi esingelapheka .

Khumbula:

* Uma uba nezimpawu zalesi sifo, ungachithi isikhathi futhi funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

* Qaphela kakhulu ngalokhu uma ungoweqembu elisengozini (njengabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, umuntu obhemayo, noma umuntu onesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka).

* Ukugcinwa kahle kwezinhlelo zamanzi ezisizungezile, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezakhiweni ezinkulu nasemahhotela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.

* Gcina izinto ezifana nompompi kanye namakhanda okugeza zihlanzekile ekhaya.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!

Isifo samaLegionnaires , i-Pneumonia, iLegionella, ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu, amabhaktheriya, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ama-antibiotic