Ingabe ukhathazekile ngemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho? Ake sixoxe ngeSifo Semithambo Yegazi

Wake wazizwa unesiyezi noma ulahlekelwe ukuqonda ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba wakho? Ungase ube nobunzima bokukhuluma. Lokhu kungabangelwa inkinga yemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni bakho. Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-cerebrovascular, okuwuhlobo lwesifo sobuchopho.

Siyini isifo semithambo yegazi? Masisiqonde kalula.

Kalula nje, leli igama elijwayelekile leqembu lezifo ezithinta imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni. Igama elithi 'Cerebro' lisho ubuchopho bakho. Igama elithi 'Vascular' lisho imithambo yegazi, okungukuthi, imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, elithi 'cerebrovascular disease' libhekisela ezifweni ezihlobene nemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni. Uyaqonda?

Kunezinto ezimbili eziyinhloko ezingenzeka ngenxa yalesi sifo semithambo yegazi.

1. Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni: Ngokwezokwelapha lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'ischemia'. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo wegazi uvaleka.

2. Ukopha ngaphakathi ebuchosheni: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukopha kwegazi'. Lokhu kungenzeka uma umthambo wegazi uqhuma.

Zombili lezi zimo zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesimo esibi esisibiza ngokuthi 'i-stroke' . I-stroke ingenzeka ngenxa yezifo zemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye izifo eziningi zemithambo yegazi.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma wena noma umuntu oseduze nawe enesifo sohlangothi, ubuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amangqamuzana obuchopho angafa ngokushesha, okuholela ekukhubazekeni okungapheli noma ekufeni. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kufanele kuphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo.

Yimiphi le mithambo yegazi ethinta ubuchopho?

Kokubili imithambo yegazi kanye nemithambo yegazi kungathinteka ezifweni zemithambo yegazi. Imithambo yegazi eminingi emikhulu ehlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni bethu isengozini enkulu yalezi zifo:

• Imithambo ye-carotid: Le mithambo yegazi itholakala ngaphambili entanyeni yakho. Iningi labantu linomthambo owodwa we-carotid kokubili ohlangothini lwesokudla nolwesobunxele.
• Imithambo yegazi yomgogodla: Le mithambo yegazi itholakala ngemuva kwentamo yakho. Iningi labantu lineyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwentamo yabo, ngakwesokudla nakwesobunxele.

Lena yimithambo yegazi eyinhloko ethwala igazi liye ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke uma kukhona ukuvaleka noma inkinga kule mithambo yegazi, kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kobuchopho.

Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zalesi sifo?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezifo eziwela esigabeni 'sesifo se-cerebrovascular'. 'Isifo sohlangothi' sivame kakhulu kulezi futhi uhlobo cishe sonke esike sezwa ngalo. Kodwa, lesi akusona sodwa. Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo ezimbalwa, akunjalo?

• Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (AVM): Lesi yisimo lapho imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elihle) kanye nemithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elibi) kuhlangene ngendlela engavamile ebuchosheni.
• I-Brain aneurysm: Umthambo wegazi obuthakathaka ebuchosheni ovuvukala njengebhaluni. Lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba uma uqhuma, kungabangela ukopha ebuchosheni.
• Ukopha ebuchosheni, ukopha kwegazi / Ukopha kwegazi ngaphakathi kobuchopho: Lokhu kuhlanganisa noma yikuphi ukopha okwenzeka ngaphakathi ebuchosheni.
• Isifo semithambo ye-carotid / I-Carotid artery stenosis: Imithambo ye-carotid entanyeni, esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili, ivinjiwe yizinqwaba zamafutha nezinye izinto.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwemithambo yomlomo wesibeletho: Igazi liyavuza phakathi kwezingqimba zodonga lwemithambo entanyeni, okubangela ukuba imithambo idabuke noma ivaleke.
• I-Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: Isimo lapho imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni incipha ngokuzumayo bese ibuyela esimweni sayo esijwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungabangela ikhanda lesikhashana.
• Ukopha kwegazi okungaphansi kwe-Subarachnoid (SAH): Ukopha kwegazi kulwelwesi oluncane oluzungeze ubuchopho. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho i-aneurysm iqhuma.
• Ukuhlasela kwe-ischemic okufushane (i-TIA) noma i-mini-stroke: Lokhu kufana ne-stroke encane. Ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni kuncipha okwesikhashana, futhi izimpawu ziyavela futhi zinyamalale ngemva kwesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, akukuhle ukukushalazela njengoba kungaba yisandulela se-stroke enkulu.
• I-telangiectasia ye-hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT): Lesi yisifo sofuzo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Kulokhu, imithambo yegazi ikhula ngendlela engavamile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.
• Isifo sikaMoyamoya: Lesi yisimo esingavamile lapho umthambo oyinhloko osezansi kobuchopho uvaleka kancane kancane, bese ushintshwa yimithambo eminingi emincane, ebuthakathaka yamagatsha.

Kunezinye izimo eziningi ezifana nalezi. Akudingeki ukwazi ngazo ngokujulile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izinto ezahlukene ezifana nalezi zingathinta imithambo yegazi ebuchosheni.

Ubani onamathuba amaningi okuthola lesi sifo?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, angaba nesifo semithambo yegazi. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu kancane. Isibonelo, le ngozi iyanda njengoba iminyaka ikhula . Futhi, ezinye izici zofuzo zingadlala indima.

Emazweni afana ne-United States, isifo semithambo yegazi singenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokulimala kobuchopho okusongela impilo. Futhi siyimbangela yesihlanu ehamba phambili yokufa. E-United States kuphela, ukufa okungaphezu kuka-160,000 kubangelwe yilesi sifo ngo-2020. Lesi simo asinakubukelwa phansi naseSri Lanka.

Yiziphi izizathu zalesi simo?

Kungaba nezimbangela ezahlukahlukene zesifo se-cerebrovascular. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko:

• Kwakheka ihlule legazi ngaphakathi komthambo wegazi ebuchosheni: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-thrombosis'. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka endaweni lapho umthambo wegazi usuvele unciphile noma ungajwayelekile.
• Ihlule legazi elakheka kwenye indawo emzimbeni liya ebuchosheni: Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-embolism'. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho ihlule legazi elakheka enhliziyweni liya ebuchosheni.
• Ukopha: Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngomfutho wegazi ophakeme ongalawuleki.
• I-Atherosclerosis: Njengokugqwala okwakheka emapayipini amanzi, ama-fat deposits akheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, ayivale.
• Izinkinga zesakhiwo emithanjeni yegazi yobuchopho: Kungabangelwa futhi ezinye izinkinga zokuzalwa nazo.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu (i-TBI): Ukulimala ekhanda okukhulu ngenxa yengozi nakho kungabangela izinkinga emithanjeni yegazi.

Ziyini izimpawu? Sizibona kanjani?

Izimpawu zesifo se-cerebrovascular zingahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yobuchopho ethintekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezimpawu ezithile ezivamile, ezisheshayo ezingavela:

• Izinkinga zokulinganisela: Ngokungazelelwe awukwazi ukuhamba, ukukhubeka.
• Ukuhlanya: Ukulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukulahlekelwa yindawo.
• Ukuquleka.
• Ukukhubazeka kokubona: Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, ukubona okubili, noma uhlangothi olulodwa lombono lube mnyama.
• Ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba noma lobuso.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu ngokuzumayo: Lokhu akufani nekhanda elibuhlungu elivamile, kungaba ikhanda elibuhlungu ongakaze ulibone empilweni yakho.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda okushiwoyo (i-Aphasia).
• Inkulumo engacacile / i-Dysarthria.
• Ushintsho ekuzweleni kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba noma lobuso: ukungazweli noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa.

I-American Stroke Association isungule indlela emfushane ebizwa ngokuthi i-FAST ukukusiza ukuthi uqaphele lezi zimpawu ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu:

* F – Ubuso obugobile: Bheka ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luyagobile yini uma umuntu ecelwa ukuba amamatheke.

* A – Ubuthakathaka bengalo: Uma ucelwa ukuthi uphakamise zombili izingalo, bheka ukuthi ingalo eyodwa iyawa yini.

* S – Ubunzima bokukhuluma: Bheka ukuthi amagama aphinyiselwe kahle noma ukuthi kukhona yini ubunzima bokukhuluma uma ucelwa ukusho umusho olula.

* T – Isikhathi sokushayela ucingo ngo-1990: Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, ungachithi isikhathi bese uya esibhedlela ngokushesha. Ngoba umzuzwana ngamunye ubalulekile!

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Isifo semithambo yegazi yisimo esidinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo.Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa ngokushesha. Udokotela uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Bese ekwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba. Bazobheka izinto ezilandelayo ikakhulukazi:

• Isimo sengqondo: Ingabe uyaqaphela futhi uyazi ngendawo okuzungezile?
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo nokubona: Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungavamile, izinguquko embonweni.
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka.
• Ukuncipha noma ukungajwayelekile kokuzwa.
• Izici ezahlukene zokukhuluma: ukuhleleka kwamagama, ukuqonda, ukuqamba amagama.
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi nokuxhumana.
• Isiyezi noma umuzwa wokuthi igumbi liyajikeleza (Vertigo).

Ngemva kwalezi zivivinyo, uma udokotela esola ukuthi unesifo semithambo yegazi, angase acele ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okwengeziwe. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Cerebral angiography: Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwemithambo yegazi ebuchosheni.
• I-Coronary computed tomography angiogram (CT Angiogram): I-CT scan yokubheka imithambo yegazi.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Ihlola ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• I-MRI (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Thola izithombe ezinemininingwane zobuchopho.
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla: Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile.

Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi athole imbangela yesifo sakho se-cerebrovascular. Kuye ngesimo sakho, kungadingeka wenze izivivinyo ezengeziwe.

Ungayiphatha kanjani? Ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela!

Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-cerebrovascular kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sakho esithile. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. Yilapho unganciphisa khona ukulimala kobuchopho.

Odokotela bavame ukukwelapha ngemithi. Le mithi isebenza ngokuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. Le mithi ingafaka:

• Imithi yokucindezela kwegazi.
• Izithibisi zegazi / Ama-anticoagulant.
• Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• Imithi kashukela egazini: Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.

Uma uvalekile kakhulu emithanjeni yegazi yakho, ungadinga ukuhlinzwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa zifaka:

• I-Carotid angioplasty: Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka idivayisi efana nebhaluni emthanjeni wakho bese eyifutha ukuze andise umthambo ovalekile.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Carotid endarterectomy: Udokotela ohlinzayo usika umthambo wakho we-carotid futhi asuse ama-fatty deposits (i-plaque) aqongeleleke ngaphakathi.
• Ukufaka i-Carotid stenting: Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka ishubhu elincane lensimbi (i-stent) emthanjeni wakho we-carotid ukuze athuthukise ukugeleza kwegazi.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-thrombectomy okuqondiswa yi-catheter: Udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka i-catheter (ithubhu elincane) emthanjeni bese efaka idivayisi ngayo ukuze akhiphe ihlule legazi.

Singakugwema kanjani lokhu? Singakunciphisa kanjani ingozi?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthola isifo se-cerebrovascular. Cabanga ngalezi zinto:

• Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme (Umfutho wegazi ophakeme): Uma unomfutho wegazi ophakeme, thatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo. Hlola umfutho wegazi wakho njalo.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo okunosawoti omncane, uwoyela omncane, nama-calories amaningi: Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi, kanye nokudla okune-fiber eningi.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba noma ukugijima okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa utshwala.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ungasebenzisi eminye imithi.
• Gcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
• Lawula amazinga kashukela egazini lakho kanye ne-cholesterol.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Ukuzindla, i-yoga, kanye nezinto zokuzilibazisa kuyizindlela ezinhle zokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
• Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha njalo ngezikhathi ezithile.
• Uma unezimo ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, thatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Uma uthatha ukwelashwa kokushintsha ama-hormone (HRT) ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezingozi nezinzuzo zokuqhekeka kwegazi.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izinto eziyingozi?

Ngokuvamile, usengozini enkulu yokuthola isifo se-cerebrovascular uma unalezi zimo:

• Isifo sikashukela.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezilandelayo zingandisa ingozi yokuthola izinhlobo ezithile zesifo se-cerebrovascular:

• Uma ukhulelwe: Ingozi yokuqhekeka kwegazi emithanjeni yobuchopho (i-cerebral venous thrombosis) iphakeme ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Uma unesifo sofuzo (sokuzalwa): Lokhu kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo zemithambo yegazi njenge-brain aneurysms.
• Uma uke walimala kakhulu ekhanda (ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu).
• Uma usebenzisa i-Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Uma usuvele unesifo se-atherosclerosis noma isifo se-carotid artery, i-HRT ingandisa ingozi yakho yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi.

Yini ongayilindela uma uhlaselwa yilesi sifo?

Abantu abaye baphatha isifo semithambo yegazi ngokuvamile bayalulama ngokugcwele futhi baphile impilo evamile. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, lesi sifo singaholela ekufeni noma ekukhubazekeni unomphela. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingase zenzeke zifaka:

• Ubunzima bokuthola amagama (i-Aphasia).
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba.
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Ukukhubazeka noma ubuthakathaka ebusweni, ezingalweni, noma emilenzeni.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo kwesikhashana noma okuhlala njalo.
• Ubunzima bokucabanga nokucabanga (Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo).

Ayini amathuba okululama?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, abanye abantu balulama ngokuphelele, kanti abanye bangase babe nokukhubazeka okuqhubekayo. Uma unesifo se-cerebrovascular, amathuba akho okululama ancike ku:

• Indlela othole ngayo ukwelashwa ngokushesha.
• Ubunzima besifo noma ubukhulu besifo sohlangothi.
• Yisiphi isifunda sobuchopho esithintekile?
• Uhlobo lwesifo se-cerebrovascular.

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho ubona izimpawu.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Njengomuntu onesifo se-cerebrovascular, ungaqhubeka nokuzinakekela ngokwenza okulandelayo:

• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo (njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izinto ezifana nokudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca, nokungabhemi).
• Ukuthatha imithi efanele yezimo zezempilo eziyisisekelo (isib. umfutho wegazi, isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol).

Uma ukusebenza kobuchopho bakho kuye kwathinteka yisifo semithambo yegazi, ungase udinge izindlela zokwelapha zokulungisa ukuze zikusize:

• Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Ukuqeqeshwa ukuze uthole amakhono emisebenzini yansuku zonke.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba: Kusiza ukubuyisela ukunyakaza komzimba, amandla, kanye nebhalansi.
• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo: Kusiza ekucindezelekeni nasekudabukeni okuhambisana nalesi simo.
• Ukwelashwa ngenkulumo: Kusiza ekunqobeni ubunzima bokukhuluma nokugwinya.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela? Ubona kanjani isimo esiphuthumayo?

Shayela u-1990 ngokushesha! Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zengozi yemithambo yegazi (ikakhulukazi isifo sohlangothi), shayela u-1990 (i-ambulensi) noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze ngaphandle kokulibala. Khumbula indlela ye-FAST esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili.

Futhi, uma unemiphumela emibi evela ekwelashweni kwakho noma uma ungaboni imiphumela ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho futhi. Angaphakamisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingakusiza.

Khumbula njengesifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo semithambo yegazi yigama elijwayelekile lezimo ezithinta imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ebuchosheni bakho. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho ngokunciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo eliwutholayo. Esivame kakhulu kulezi zimo isifo sohlangothi. Sihlanganisa nezinye izimo ezifana ne-brain aneurysms, ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni, isifo semithambo yegazi ye-carotid, kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okuhamba kancane (TIAs), okwaziwa nangokuthi i-mini strokes.

Izimpawu zingafaka phakathi ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, kanye nobunzima bokukhuluma . Odokotela bangelapha lesi simo ngemithi nokuhlinzwa. Unganciphisa nengozi yakho ngokwenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

Nakuba isifo semithambo yegazi yobuchopho singadala ukukhubazeka ngisho nokufa, ngokwelashwa okusheshayo nokuphathwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bayalulama futhi baphile impilo evamile nephelele. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu nokufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

isifo semithambo yegazi, isifo sohlangothi, ubuchopho, imithambo yegazi, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, isifo sikashukela, isihloko sezokwelapha saseSinhala, ukukhubazeka, izifo zobuchopho