Okudingeka ukwazi nge-Lymphoma - Ake sixoxe!

Wake waba namaqhubu amancane emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nentamo yakho, emakhwapheni, nasezinsinini? Noma wake wazizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi ukhathele ngaphandle kwesizathu? Lezi zinto zingenzeka ngisho noma unesifo somkhuhlane ovamile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi zingaba izimpawu zohlobo lomdlavuza olubizwa ngokuthi i-lymphoma . Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizoxoxa ngokuthi iyini i-lymphoma, ukuthi ikhula kanjani, yiziphi izimpawu, nokuthi ikhona yini indlela yokwelapha.

Iyini ngempela i-Lymphoma?

Kalula nje, i-lymphoma umdlavuza okhula ohlelweni lwethu lwe-lymphatic . Njengemithambo yegazi, umzimba wethu unenethiwekhi yeziteshi ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-lymphatic. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuvikela imizimba yethu ezifweni, okungukuthi, ukulwa namagciwane. Lolu hlelo lwe-lymphatic lwakhiwe ngama-lymph node, imithambo ye-lymphatic, kanye nezinye izitho eziningana.

Uhlobo olukhethekile lweseli kulesi simiso se-lymphatic lubizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte . Empeleni lawa uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi. I-Lymphoma yenzeka lapho lawa maseli e-lymph eqala ukukhula ngendlela engavamile, engalawuleki. Njengokhula, lawa maseli akhula kakhulu futhi ahlangane ndawonye ukuze akhe amathumba. Lokhu kubhekwa futhi njengomdlavuza wegazi, ngoba uqala emaseli amhlophe egazi.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-lymphoma:

1. I-Hodgkin lymphoma

2. I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70 ze-subtype. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma zinolaka kakhulu , kanti ezinye zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi isikhathi esiningi, i-lymphoma ingalawulwa (ingasuswa) noma yelapheke ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa. Noma ubani angaba ne-lymphoma, kusukela ezinganeni ezincane kuya kubantu abadala. Kodwa kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma kakhulu nge-lymphoma kubantu abadala.

Ingabe i-lymphoma iyisifo esivamile?

Cha, i-lymphoma ayisona isifo esivame kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Isibonelo, i-American Cancer Society ilindele ukuthi kuzotholakala amacala amasha angaba ngu-89,000 e-lymphoma e-United States ngo-2023. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuthiwa futhi kuzotholakala amacala angaba ngu-236,740 omdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala sengathi i-lymphoma ayivamile.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-lymphoma?

• I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma ivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-60 no-80. Amadoda anamathuba amaningi okuba nayo kunabesifazane.
• I-Hodgkin lymphoma ingakhula kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-20 no-39 kanye nakubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65. Ivame kakhulu futhi kwabesilisa.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile ze-lymphoma?

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ze-lymphoma zingafana nezezinye izifo ezingatheni kangako. Ungesabi ukucabanga ukuthi une-lymphoma ngoba nje unalezi zimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko noma izimpawu ezintsha ezingapheli ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, kungcono ukubona udokotela ukuze akunike iseluleko.

Izimpawu ezingase zivamile kokubili i-Hodgkin kanye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala okungenabuhlungu: I-lymph node eyodwa noma ngaphezulu entanyeni, emakhwapheni, noma embotsheni evuvukele futhi engaphezi ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale njengezigaxa ezincane ezingazwakala esandleni.
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo: Ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi uvilapha usuku lonke, ngisho nangemva kokulala kahle.
• Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo: Umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-Fahrenheit angu-103 (39.5 Celsius) izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili, noma umkhuhlane ophela bese ubuya.
• Ukujuluka ebusuku okumanzi: Ukujuluka kakhulu ebusuku ngenkathi ulele kangangokuthi amashidi nezingubo kuyamanzi.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Umuzwa wokuqina esifubeni, njengokungathi awukwazi ukuphefumula.
• Ukwehlisa isisindo okungachazeki: Ukulahlekelwa cishe yi-10% yesisindo sakho sisonke zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha, ngaphandle kokudla noma ukuzivocavoca.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, akusho ukuthi une-lymphoma. Kodwa-ke, kusabalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Ziyini izimbangela ze-lymphoma?

I-Lymphoma ibangelwa izinguquko zofuzo (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) emangqamuzaneni amhlophe egazi ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic, okubangela ukuba abe amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhula ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulawulwa. Ngokuvamile kunzima ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lezi zinguquko zofuzo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zivame ukwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo .

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izimo nezinkinga ezithile zingandisa ingozi yokuba ne-lymphoma. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Uma uke waba noma okwamanje unegciwane elifana ne -HIV (igciwane le-human immunodeficiency virus) , igciwane le-Epstein-Barr (igciwane elibangela i-mononucleosis noma isifo sokuqabulana) , noma igciwane le-Kaposi sarcoma human immunodeficiency virus .
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-lymphoma (umlando womndeni).
• Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka ngenxa yezinye izifo noma ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha. Isibonelo, abantu abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba bathatha imithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-immunosuppressants ukuvimbela umzimba ukuthi wenqabe isitho esifakelwe. Le mithi yenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka.
• Uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba , lesi yisimo lapho amasosha omzimba wakho ehlasela khona umzimba wakho ngephutha esikhundleni sokukuvikela.

I-lymphoma itholakala kanjani?

Odokotela benza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole i-lymphoma.

1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Hlola izimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla. Hlola ama-lymph node avuvukele kanye nezitho zomzimba ezifana ne-spleen.

2. I-Biopsy: Lolu vivinyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokuqinisekisa i-lymphoma. Ingcezu encane yezicubu ithathwa ku-lymph node evuvukele noma kwenye izicubu ezisolisayo bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ngudokotela wezifo . Yilokhu okuzokutshela ngqo ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza akhona yini nokuthi, uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni lwe-lymphoma.

Uma lezi zivivinyo zibonisa i-lymphoma, odokotela bazokwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwezithombe ukuze bathole okwengeziwe ngalesi simo futhi bahlele ukwelashwa.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (i-CBC) ngomehluko: Lokhu kuhlola amazinga ezinto ezifana namaseli amhlophe egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi, nama-platelet.
• Izinga lokushiswa kwe-erythrocyte (ESR): Lokhu kusiza ukuthola umbono wokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• I-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): Leli zinga linganda uma amaseli ekhula/efa ngokushesha.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi nezinso.
• I-Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP): Lokhu kubalulekile ukubheka amaprotheni angajwayelekile (amaprotheni e-M) akhiqizwa kwamanye ama-lymphoma.

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe

• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scan): Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi ama-lymph node, i-spleen, noma ezinye izitho zivuvukele yini, nokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron emissions tomography - i-PET scan): Lokhu kusiza kakhulu ekuboneni izindawo lapho kukhona khona amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukuskena kwe-PET kuvame ukwenziwa kanye ne- CT scan . Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa nokuskena kwe-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) .

Uma une -non-Hodgkin lymphoma , udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze athole izakhi zofuzo ezithile namaprotheni ahlobene nayo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-lymphoma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-lymphoma. Isibonelo, uma unohlobo lwe-lymphoma olunolaka kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase ancome lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuqapha okusebenzayo noma ukulinda ngokuqapha ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impilo yakho kanye nezimpawu ze-lymphoma ziqashwe ngokucophelela, futhi ukwelashwa akuqalwa kuze kube yilapho isifo siba sibi kakhulu.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivame kakhulu ze-lymphoma yilezi:

• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ukwelashwa okuqondiwe
• Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy
• Ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-CAR T
• Ukufakelwa kweseli le-stem noma umnkantsha wethambo

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukunakekelwa kokunciphisa ubuhlungu njengengxenye yohlelo lwakho lokwelashwa. Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi uphathe izimpawu nemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. Kuhlanganisa nokunikeza ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo kanye nenduduzo.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ukwelashwa nge-lymphoma kungabangela imiphumela ehlukahlukene emibi. Ngenxa yokuthi wonke umuntu usabela ngendlela ehlukile ekwelashweni okufanayo, kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa kwakho nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-lymphoma?

Abacwaningi basaphenya ngezinto ezingabangela i-lymphoma. Kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane kanye nomlando womndeni kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-lymphoma. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube sengozini yokuthola i-lymphoma ngenxa yomlando wakho wezokwelapha noma umlando womndeni, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.

Yiliphi ithemba umuntu one-lymphoma angaba nalo?

Ukubikezela kwakho yilokho ongakulindela ngemva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengohlobo lwe-lymphoma onayo, ubudala bakho, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kungenza i-lymphoma ikhululeke noma ize iyelaphe ngokuphelele. Ukuxolelwa kusho ukuthi awunazo izimpawu ze-lymphoma futhi azikho izimpawu ze-lymphoma ezingatholakala ekuhlolweni.

Kodwa-ke, i-lymphoma esesimeni esihle ingaphinde ivele. Uma une-lymphoma esesimeni esihle, kuzodingeka ubone udokotela wakho ukuze uthole ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela njalo. Udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo ukuhlola izimpawu ze-lymphoma. Izimpawu yizinto ozizwayo futhi ongazichaza. Izimpawu ziyizinguquko ezintweni ezingalinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, njengomkhuhlane kanye nokubalwa kwamaseli amhlophe egazi.

Lingakanani izinga lokwelashwa kwe-lymphoma?

Sekukonke, idatha ikhombisa ukuthi abantu abangu-89% abane -Hodgkin lymphoma kanye nabantu abangu-74% abane -non-Hodgkin lymphoma baphila iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa.

Lawa mazinga okusinda ayizilinganiso ezisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamaqembu anesifo esifanayo. Awanikezi isilinganiso esiqondile sokuthi umuntu uzophila isikhathi esingakanani ne-lymphoma. Uma unemibuzo ngalokhu, buza udokotela wakho.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani uma ngine-lymphoma?

Uma une-lymphoma, kungaba usizo kakhulu ukwenza uhlelo lokuphila nayo. Lolu hlelo luzokusiza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokuqala, kanye nangesikhathi sokuvakasha okulandelayo. Nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho wenza uhlelo lwakho:

• Thola ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kuzokuthinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Ngemuva kwalokho unganquma ukuthi udinga usizo ekhaya noma ukuthi uzoya nini ukuyothola ukwelashwa.
• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo. Faka inyama engenamafutha amaningi, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye ne-yogurt ekudleni kwakho. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kungabangela ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khuluma nochwepheshe wezokudla ngezindlela zokuthola izakhamzimba ozidingayo ukuze uhlale unamandla ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
• Zenzele isikhathi. Yenza izinto ezifana nokubhala phansi, ukulalela umculo, ukuchitha isikhathi ngaphandle. Ukuphila nomdlavuza kuyacindezela. Izinto ezifana nokuzindla nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula zingasiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka.
• Zivocavoce. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukuzivocavoca kunganciphisa ukukhathala nokucindezeleka futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu abane-lymphoma.
• Umdlavuza ungaba yinto ekwenza uzizwe unesizungu. Kungaba nzima ukukhuluma nomndeni wakho nabangani bakho ngesifo sakho. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinsizakalo nezinhlelo ezingakusiza.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Bona udokotela wakho noma nini lapho ucabanga ukuthi izimpawu zakho ze-lymphoma ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, noma noma nini lapho udinga usizo lokulawula imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa.

Kunini lapho kudingeka uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?

Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha umdlavuza zithinta amasosha omzimba wakho. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho umdlavuza kungandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izifo. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezingase zidinge ukuthi uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo:

• Umkhuhlane ongu-100.3 Fahrenheit (39.5 Celsius) noma ngaphezulu.
• Ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uqhaqhazela (Ukugodola).
• Ukukhwehlela okuphumelelayo noma "okumanzi".
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Uhudo oluqhubekayo isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Imibuzo ongase ube nayo phakathi nohambo lwakho nomdlavuza ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Uma usanda kutholwa une-lymphoma, nansi eminye imibuzo eyisisekelo ongayibuza:

• Wazi kanjani ukuthi ngine-lymphoma?
• Nginaluphi uhlobo lwe-lymphoma?
• Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani nginale lymphoma?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Iyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngakunye?
• Yini engingayilindela ngesimo sami (isibikezelo)?

Ingabe i-lymphoma ingumdlavuza oyingozi kakhulu?

Kuya ngohlobo lwe-lymphoma onayo. Isibonelo, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Lokhu kungenza umzimba wakho ube sengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ezisongela ukuphila, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Ngokwezibalo, abantu abangaba ngu-300,000 emhlabeni wonke bafa ngenxa yohlobo oluthile lwe-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Ingabe i-lymphoma ingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungabona izinto ezifana nokwanda kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zomdlavuza wegazi njenge-lymphoma noma i-leukemia. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuphela akukwazi ukuqiniseka ukuthi une-lymphoma. Odokotela bahlonza i-lymphoma ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe -biopsy kanye ne-imaging .

I-lymphoma iqala kuphi kakhulu?

I-Lymphoma ingaqala noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho lapho une-lymphocytes khona. Lawa uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elilwa nokutheleleka. Atholakala kuma-lymph node akho, ubende, umnkantsha wamathambo, nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Uphawu lokuqala oluvame kakhulu ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph node entanyeni, esifubeni esingenhla, emakhwapheni, esiswini, noma endukwini.

I-lymphoma ingaba khona isikhathi esingakanani ngaphandle kokwaziwa?

Ungaba ne-lymphoma iminyaka eminingi ngaphandle kokuthola izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ze-lymphoma zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezithombe okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Lymphoma iyisifo esibi kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, ukwelashwa kwe-lymphoma kuyathuthuka, kusiza abantu baphile isikhathi eside. Izinga lokusinda liyakhula minyaka yonke. Abacwaningi bathola okwengeziwe ngezinto ezingabangela i-lymphoma.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube sengozini yokuthola i-lymphoma, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma kunjalo, uzochaza ukuthi yini ongayenza ukuze uvikele impilo yakho.

Khumbula, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okufanele yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Uma uneminye imibuzo mayelana nalokhu, ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela. Hlala uphilile!

i- lymphoma, umdlavuza, ama-lymph node, izimpawu, ukwelashwa, i-Hodgkin lymphoma, i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma