Ingabe une-lymphocyte ephansi egazini lakho? Ake sixoxe nge-lymphopenia!

Ingabe uvame ukugula? Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nomkhuhlane omncane kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuba ngcono, noma uhlala uzizwa ubuthakathaka? Esinye sezizathu zalezi zinto kungaba ukwehla kohlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi elibizwa ngokuthi ama-lymphocyte, afana namasosha emzimbeni wakho alwa nezifo. Odokotela babiza lesi simo ngokuthi 'i-lymphopenia.' Ngakho-ke, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa namuhla, akunjalo? Akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Kuyini i-lymphopenia? Masiqonde kalula!

Kalula nje, i-lymphopenia yisimo lapho inani lama-lymphocyte egazini lakho liphansi kunejwayelekile. Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi ayini la ma-lymphocyte.

Kukhona uhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazini lethu. Lawo maseli amhlophe egazini yiwo asivikela ngokulwa namagciwane angena emizimbeni yethu, okungukuthi, amabhaktheriya namagciwane abangela izifo. Kufana nebutho elincane emizimbeni yethu. Phakathi kuka-20% no-40% wala maseli amhlophe egazini kukhona lolu hlobo olukhethekile lwamaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-Lymphocytes.

Imisebenzi eyinhloko yala maseli e-lymph (ama-lymphocyte) yile:

• Ukulwa namagciwane (amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, izimuncagazi, isikhunta) angena emzimbeni.
• Ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana angajwayelekile, njengamaseli omdlavuza.
• Sisebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile yesimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama-lymphocyte:

• Ama-T-lymphocyte noma ama-T-cell: Lawa asiza ekubhubhiseni ngqo amaseli athelelekile namaseli omdlavuza.
• Ama-B-lymphocyte noma ama-B-cell: Yilawa enza ama-antibodies. Lawa ma-antibodies asiza ekuboneni nasekuhlaseleni amagciwane.
• Amaseli Okubulala Angokwemvelo (amaseli e-NK): Lawa aphinde abe negalelo ekubhujisweni kwamaseli atheleleke ngegciwane kanye namaseli omdlavuza.

Ngakho-ke, lapho inani lama-lymphocyte lehla, okungukuthi, lapho kuvela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-lymphopenia, ikhono lomzimba wethu lokumelana nezifo liyancipha. Ngemuva kwalokho, izifo zingakhula kalula, futhi izifo ezikhula zingathatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukiswa.

I-Lymphopenia yaziwa nangokuthi i-lymphocytopenia kanye ne-lymphocytic leukopenia. I-Leukopenia ibhekisela ekunciphiseni kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ngokujwayelekile. I-"Lymphocytic" leukopenia ibhekisela ekunciphiseni kwama-lymphocyte ikakhulukazi.

Mangaki ama-lymphocyte okufanele abe khona ngokuvamile?

Inani lala maseli e-lymph (ama-lymphocyte) liyahlukahluka phakathi kwabantu abadala nezingane.

• Kubantu abadala: Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube namaseli e-lymph aphakathi kuka-1,000 no-4,800 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. I-Lymphopenia ilapho leli nani lingaphansi kuka-1,000.
• Ezabantwana:Ngokuvamile, kubalwa phakathi kuka-3,000 no-9,500 ama-lymphocyte nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Leli zinga eliphansi lingahluka kuye ngobudala bengane. Isibonelo, uma ingane engaphansi kweminyaka emi-2 inenani lama-lymphocyte elingaphansi kuka-3,000, kubhekwa njenge-lymphopenia.

Lezi zindinganiso zingase zihluke kancane kusukela kwelebhu kuya kwelebhu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuziqhathanisa nezindinganiso ezimaphakathi embikweni wakho.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-lymphopenia?

Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi uma une-lymphopenia yodwa, okusho ukuntuleka kwama-lymphocyte, uvame ukungabi nazimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhona isifo esiyisisekelo esibangela inani eliphansi lama-lymphocyte, ungase ube nezimpawu ezihlobene naleso sifo. Noma ungase ube nokutheleleka okuvamile.

Ezinye zezimpawu ezingase zivele yilezi:

• Imfiva
• Ukukhwehlela
• Impumulo egobhozayo
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba noma ezinye izifo zesikhumba
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele
• Ukuvuvukala kwamalunga
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba (i-Jaundice)
• Ubende obukhulu noma i-splenomegaly

Uma une-lymphopenia enzima, ungase uthole izifo kaningi, noma izifo zingathatha isikhathi eside ukuphulukiswa. Kodwa-ke, nge-lymphopenia encane, ungase ungabi nazimpawu.

Kungani inani lala ma-lymphocyte lincipha? Ziyini izimbangela?

Kungaba nezizathu ezahlukahlukene zokuthi kungani ungaba nama-lymphocyte aphansi. Ngezinye izikhathi ungazalwa unesimo esibangela lesi simo. Noma singase sikhule kamuva ekuphileni. Kuye ngembangela, i-lymphopenia ingaba yempilo yonke (engapheli) noma ingaphela ngokuzenzakalelayo (ngokushesha).

Ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-lymphopenia ukutheleleka, imithi ethile, kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo.

1. Ngenxa Yokutheleleka

Ukutheleleka okubangelwa amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, ama-parasite, kanye nesikhunta kungabangela ukwehla kwama-lymphocyte. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• `I-HIV` kanye `ne-AIDS`
• Umkhuhlane (umkhuhlane) - yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi umkhuhlane.
• `I-COVID-19`
• I-Hepatitis - isifo sesibindi
• Umalaleveva
• Isimungumungwane
• Inyumoniya
• Isifo sofuba

Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka okunjalo, amangqamuzana omzimba e-lymph (Lymphocytes) angabhujiswa ukuze alwe nawo, noma ukukhiqizwa kwawo kungavinjelwa okwesikhashana.

2. Ngenxa Yokuntuleka Kokudla Okunomsoco

Lena imbangela ehamba phambili ye-lymphopenia emhlabeni jikelele. Yithole ngokwanele ekudleni kwakho.Ukungondleki kahle, noma ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali afana ne -vitamin B12, i-folic acid, noma i-zinc, kungathinta ukukhiqizwa kwama-lymphocyte. Njengoba siphila impilo ematasa, ngezinye izikhathi asikunaki ngokwanele lokho esikudlayo. Uma izinto ezinjengalezi ziqhubeka, lezi zimo zingase zenzeke.

3. Ngenxa Yezimo Ezizuzwe Njengefa

Kunezifo ezithile ezingavamile zofuzo ezidluliselwa kusuka kubazali kuya ezinganeni. Lezi zifo zingabangela nokwehla kwama-lymphocyte. Ezinye izibonelo:

• `I-Ataxia-telangiectasia`
• "Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba okuvamile"
• `I-DiGeorge syndrome`
• "Isifo sokuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba esihlanganisiwe (i-SCID)"
• `I-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome`

Lezi ziyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa lezi yizimo ezingavamile kakhulu.

4. Ngenxa Yezifo Ezihlasela Amasosha Omzimba

Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba zilapho isimiso sethu somzimba, uhlelo olusivikela ezifweni, sihlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Cabanga nje, isimiso somzimba wakho sokuzivikela siyaphazamiseka bese siqala ukulwa namangqamuzana aso amahle. Yilokho okushiwo yilokhu. Ama-lymphocyte angaba phakathi kwamangqamuzana ahlaselayo.

Ezinye zezifo ezinjalo:

• I-Lupus
• I-Sarcoidosis
• I-Myasthenia gravis
• I-rheumatoid arthritis - lokho kusho ukuvuvukala kwamalunga

5. Ngenxa Yezinkinga Zegazi Nomdlavuza

Njengamanye amangqamuzana egazini, ama-lymphocyte akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wamathambo. Ngakho-ke, izifo zegazi kanye nomdlavuza othinta umnkantshe kungaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-lymphocyte.

• I-Aplastic anemia - isimo lapho umongo wamathambo ukhiqiza khona amaseli ambalwa
• I-Lymphoma - umdlavuza wesistimu ye-lymphatic
• I-Leukemia - umdlavuza wegazi
• Izifo ze-Myelodysplastic

6. Njengemiphumela Engemihle Yemithi Nokwelashwa

Ama-lymphocyte angancishiswa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwelashwa komdlavuza kanye neminye imithi yezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba.

• Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
• Ama-immunosuppressants - isibonelo, ama-corticosteroids.

7. Ngenxa Yobuthi Botshwala

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile (njengobhiya, iwayini, notshwala) nakho kungathinta kabi ama-lymphocyte, kunciphise inani lawo.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-lymphopenia?

Uma usola ukuthi une-lymphopenia, kungcono ukubona udokotela bese ukhuluma ngakho. Udokotela uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, izimpawu zamanje, kanye nendlela ophila ngayo. Bangase bakwenzele izivivinyo ezithile.

Ukuhlolwa nokubuzwa kukadokotela

• Umlando wezokwelapha: Udokotela wakho uzobuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha wangaphambilini, imithi yamanje, kanye nokwelashwa. Isibonelo, uma usanda kuba ne-COVID-19, udokotela wakho angase acabange ukuthi ukutheleleka ngegciwane kubangele ukwehla kwenani lama-lymphocyte akho. Uma uthatha imithi efana ne-corticosteroids, lokho kungaba yimbangela.
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi ahlole izinto ezifana nomkhuhlane, ama-lymph node avuvukele, kanye ne-spleen ekhuphukile.
• Imibuzo yendlela yokuphila: Ungabuzwa ngokudla kwakho ukuze kubonakale ukuthi unakho yini ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo. Ungabuzwa futhi ngempilo yakho yocansi (njengokuthi usebenzisa izindlela eziphephile yini) ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo ezifana ne-HIV.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezihlola amangqamuzana egazi kanye nomnkantsha.

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC): Lokhu kubala inani lazo zonke izinhlobo zamaseli egazini lakho (kufaka phakathi amaseli amhlophe egazi).
• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele okune-differential (i-CBC enokuhluka): Lokhu kubala inani lohlobo ngalunye lweseli elimhlophe legazi (kufaka phakathi ama-platelet) ngokwehlukana.
• I-Flow cytometry: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ngandlela thile. Kungalinganisa ngokwehlukana izinhlobo ezincane zama-lymphocyte, njenge-B cells, T cells, kanye nama-NK cells.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinga le-immunoglobulin: Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies egazini lakho. Kungasiza ekuxilongeni izimo eziningi ezihlotshaniswa ne-lymphopenia, njengezifo ezithathelwanayo, izifo ezizimele kanye nomdlavuza.
• Ukuhlaziywa komnkantsha: Lokhu akwenziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, kodwa udokotela wakho angancoma lokhu kuhlolwa uma kukhona okusolakala ukuthi kunenkinga enkulu ngokukhiqizwa kwama-lymphocyte.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo ukuhlola izifo ezithile ezingase zibangele i-lymphopenia (njengokuhlolwa kwe-HIV, ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba, ukuhlolwa komkhuhlane, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-COVID-19).

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-lymphopenia?

Ezimweni eziningi , i-lymphopenia encane, ikakhulukazi uma ingenazo izimpawu, ayidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Uma ibangelwa okuthile okufana nokutheleleka, inani lama-lymphocyte lizobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile uma umzimba usululama ekuthelelekeni.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-lymphopenia yelashwa ngokwelapha imbangela eyinhloko.

Ngemva kokuthola imbangela yama-lymphocyte akho aphansi, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ingabe i-Lymphopenia ingalapheka ngokuphelele?

Uma wazalwa unesifo sofuzo esikuvimbela ekwenzeni ama-lymphocyte ngendlela efanele, ukwelashwa okubizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwe-hematopoietic stem cell ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yindlela yokwelapha. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ama-stem cell akha igazi awonakele noma anephutha bese uwafaka endaweni yawo ama-stem cell anempilo. Lawa maseli amasha abe esekhiqiza ama-lymphocyte, kanye namanye amaseli egazi.

Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunezingozi ezihilelekile. Akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwenza lokhu. Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi lokhu kukufanele yini noma cha.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa

Uma une-lymphopenia enzima, okusho ukuthi uthola izifo njalo, udokotela wakho angakunikeza imijovo ye-immunoglobulin (IG) . Le mijovo iqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho futhi ikusize ulwe nezifo. Ungase futhi welulekwe ukuthi uqhubeke nokuthatha le mijovo ye-IG ukuze uvimbele izifo ezivame ukwenzeka.

Ingabe i-lymphopenia ingavinjelwa?

I-Lymphopenia ebangelwa yizimbangela zofuzo ayinakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokuthola i-lymphopenia ngenxa yezinye izimbangela:

• Zivikele emagciwaneni: Thatha zonke izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uzivikele emagciwaneni abangela izifo.
• Imikhuba yocansi ephephile: Landela izindlela eziphephile ukuze ugweme izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STI) njenge-HIV.
• Ukulawula utshwala: Uma uphuza utshwala, bunciphise. Kungcono ukuphuza ubhiya obungaphezu kwebhodlela elilodwa, ingilazi eyodwa yewayini, noma ijekiseni elilodwa lotshwala ngosuku.

Uma une-lymphopenia, ungazivikela kanjani ezifweni?

Uma inani lama-lymphocyte akho liphansi, kubalulekile ukuzivikela ezifweni. Nazi ezinye izinto ezingasiza:

• Goma: Goma umkhuhlane kanye ne-COVID-19. Buza udokotela wakho ngeminye imigomo.
• Gwema izindawo lapho ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu khona: Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo noma okungenzeka ukuthi bayagula. Nciphisa ukuchayeka ezindaweni eziminyene nezingenamoya omuhle endlini.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo: Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi, noma sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
• Gqoka imaski: Gqoka imaski uma uya ezindaweni lapho kungase kube khona amagciwane aphuma emoyeni.
• Ukuphepha kokudla: Pheka ukudla kahle. Geza izithelo nemifino kahle ngaphambi kokudla.
• Gwema ukulimala: Amanxeba afana nokusikeka nemihuzuko angangenisa amagciwane emzimbeni, ngakho-ke qaphela izingozi ezinjalo.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kukhona yini izinto okufanele uziqaphele kakhulu.

Sinjani isimo sempilo sabantu abane-lymphopenia? (Umbono/Isibikezelo)

Lokhu kuncike ngokuphelele embangweni we-lymphocyte yakho ephansi. Ngokuvamile, uma ukwehla kungenxa yokutheleleka, inani lama-lymphocyte lizobuyela esimweni esijwayelekile uma ukutheleleka sekwelaphekile. Kodwa-ke, uma kungenxa yesizathu esingathi sína, inqubo yokwelapha ingase ibe yinde kancane futhi ibe yinkimbinkimbi.

Yiziphi izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuya kudokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka (njengomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, izinhlungu zomzimba), bona udokotela ngokushesha. Uma unesifo esikufaka engozini yokutheleleka njalo (njenge-lymphopenia), buza udokotela wakho kusengaphambili ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngazo.

Ingabe i-lymphopenia ingumdlavuza?

Cha, i-lymphopenia ayiwona umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza (isib. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma) zingaphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-lymphocyte, okubangela i-lymphopenia. Futhi, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza (njenge-chemotherapy) zinganciphisa okwesikhashana izinga lama-lymphocyte.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kulungile, manje usuqonda kangcono lokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla, i-Lymphopenia. Khumbula:

• I-Lymphopenia ukwehla kwenani lama-lymphocyte, uhlobo lweseli elilwa nezifo egazini.
• Lokhu akuyona nje into ehlukile, kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokutheleleka, ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, imiphumela emibi yomuthi, noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha.
• Ezimweni eziningi, izimo ezincane azibonisi izimpawu.
• Uma ugula njalo, noma ungabaza ngalokhu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubona udokotela bese ucela iseluleko.
• Uma imbangela itholakala futhi yelashwa kahle, lesi simo singalawulwa kaningi.

Ngakho-ke, nakekela impilo yakho. Ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma unemibuzo. Hlala uphilile!

I- Lymphopenia, amaseli e-lymph, ama-lymphocyte, amaseli amhlophe egazi, ukuzivikela komzimba, izifo, izimpawu