Sonke siyasaba kancane lapho sibona abazali bethu nabadala bethu belahlekelwa inkumbulo yabo kancane kancane njengoba bekhula. "Ingabe lokhu kungukuqala kwesifo i-Alzheimer?" Umbuzo usezingqondweni zethu. Kuze kube manje, isifo i-Alzheimer sivame ukutholakala ngokuhlola inkumbulo yomuntu nokufuna izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kokuziphatha. Kodwa manje, iqembu lochwepheshe bezokwelapha abadumile emhlabeni wonke lize nesiphakamiso esikhulu sokushintsha lolu hlelo. Bathi esikhundleni sokulinda ukuthi kuvele izimpawu, kufanele sisebenzise ubufakazi bezinto eziphilayo emzimbeni ukuze sithole lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sivele.
Kungani kudingeka uhlelo olusha kangaka?
Ungase ucabange, "Kungani kufanele kushintshwe lolu hlelo? Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle ngohlelo lwamanje?" Empeleni, uhlelo lwamanje luhlonza lesi sifo kuphela ngemva kokuba kube nomonakalo othile ebuchosheni futhi imiphumela yaso isiqalile ukubonakala njengezimpawu. Lokho kusho ukuthi sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthola ukuxilongwa.
Kodwa lo ngumqondo oyinhloko walesi siphakamiso esisha.
Isifo i-Alzheimer's kufanele sichazwe ngokwebhayoloji, hhayi ngokusekelwe ezimpawini.
Kalula nje, njengomseshi ofuna izinkomba ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe ubugebengu, umgomo uwukuthola izinguquko emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu futhi kutholakale isifo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi, ngentuthuko yakamuva kwezesayensi yezokwelapha, kuye kwasungulwa izindlela ezintsha zokuhlola ezingathola izinkomba ezinjalo zezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kuvumela iziguli ukuthi zazi ngesimo sazo kusenesikhathi, zenze izinqumo mayelana nokuphila kwazo ngokufanele, futhi zifune ukwelashwa okudingekayo ngokushesha. Futhi, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nezinye izifo ezibonisa izimpawu ezifanayo nesifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngenxa yale ndlela entsha, kulula kodokotela ukuhlonza ngokunembile nangokushesha ukuthi ngabe yi-Alzheimer's ngempela noma esinye isifo.
Ziyini lezi biomarkers?
Uma uzwa igama elithi " ama-biomarker ," ungase ucabange ukuthi igama elikhulu neliyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa empeleni lilula kakhulu. Cabanga ngemizimba yethu njengezimoto. Uma okuthile kuqala ukungahambi kahle ngenjini yemoto, ngezinye izikhathi isibani sesixwayiso siyakhanya kudeshibhodi, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, lapho okuthile kuqala ukungahambi kahle emizimbeni yethu, sibona izimpawu zako egazini lethu, ku-cerebrospinal fluid, noma kwezinye izicubu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ama-biomarker.
Uma kukhulunywa ngesifo i-Alzheimer's, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezimpawu zofuzo.
1. Amaprotheni e-Beta-amyloid: Lawa aqoqana ebuchosheni futhi akhe amaqoqo amancane (ama-plaque).
2. Amaprotheni e-Tau: Lawa aqoqana ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ebuchosheni bese enza ama-tangles.
Kuze kube manje, okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ngokunembile ukuba khona kwalawa maprotheni kwakuwukuskena kobuchopho okukhethekile (futhi okubizayo). Kodwa manje, kuye kwasungulwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusha okungalinganisa kalula amazinga alawa maprotheni. Lokhu kuyintuthuko enkulu kulesi siphakamiso.
Uhlelo lokulinganisa olufana nolomdlavuza
Cishe uke wezwa ngomdlavuza. Ngemva kokuba umdlavuza usutholakale, odokotela bawuhlukanisa ngezigaba ezifana "neSigaba 1" kanye "neSigaba 2." Lokhu kunikeza isiguli kanye nalabo abasiphathayo ukuqonda okucacile ngobunzima besifo nokuthi sesisabalale kangakanani.
Manje, laba ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukwethula uhlelo olufanayo lokulinganisa isifo i-Alzheimer's. Ngokwalolu hlelo, isiguli sihlukaniswa ngezigaba kusukela ku-0 kuya ku-6. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kusekelwe ekubeni khona kwama-biomarker okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla, kanye nezinguquko ezicashile zokuqonda enkumbulo nasekuziphatheni. Lokhu kuzovumela isiguli nomndeni ukuthi baqonde ngokucacile ukuthi bakusiphi isigaba sesifo.
Lolu hlelo olusha olunezigaba lusebenza kanjani?
Lolu hlelo oluhlongozwayo lusaxoxwa ngalo, kodwa njengoba lunjalo manje, ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba kungokulandelayo.
| Isiteji | Incazelo kanye nencazelo |
|---|---|
| Isigaba 0 | Laba bantu abanazo izimpawu, abanazo izimpawu zofuzo, kodwa banezakhi zofuzo ezibabeka engcupheni enkulu yokuthola i-Alzheimer's esikhathini esizayo (isib., abantu abane-Down syndrome). |
| Isigaba 1 | Laba bantu abanazo izimpawu . Inkumbulo yabo ilungile. Kodwa bathola ukuthi banezimpawu zokuhlola eziphathelene ne-Alzheimer's ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi noma ukuskenwa. |
| Isigaba sesi-2 | Kukhona futhi ama-biomarker, kanye nenkumbulo, ukuziphatha, kanye nokucabanga.Izinguquko ezincane kakhulu seziqala ukwenzeka. Lokhu kungase kungabi nomthelela omkhulu emisebenzini yansuku zonke. |
| Isigaba 3 | Lokhu kufana nalokho esikubiza ngokuthi “Ukukhubazeka Okuncane Kokuqonda.” Izimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo zibonakala kakhulu. |
| Izigaba 4, 5, 6 | Lezi zigaba ezintathu zifana nalokho esikubiza ngokuthi yi-mild, maphakathi, kanye ne-severe dementia. Izimpawu zisobala, futhi kuba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. |
Kunezinzuzo nezinselele kule ndlela.
Inzuzo enkulu yale ndlela entsha ukuthi ingasibona lesi sifo kusenesikhathi . Ngakho-ke, labo abakulesi sigaba sokuqala bangazuza kakhulu ekwelashweni okusha.
Kodwa kunenselele enkulu kanye nempikiswano enkulu. Cabanga uma ubungatshela umuntu ophilile, ongenakho ukukhohlwa noma izimpawu, ngokubheka nje imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi bese uthi, "Unesifo i-Alzheimer's esisesigabeni sokuqala," bekuzokwenzekani? Lokho bekuzoyithinta kanjani impilo yengqondo yalowo muntu, izinqubomgomo zakhe zomshuwalense, kanye nomsebenzi wakhe? Lokhu kuyinto ngisho nabanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha abayibuzayo. Ngakho-ke, uma kunikezwa ukuxilongwa okunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza isiguli iseluleko esifanele ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kusaphikiswana ngakho phakathi kochwepheshe.
Kodwa-ke, lesi siphakamiso sibonisa ukuthi sesizothatha igxathu elikhulu phambili ekuxilongweni nasekwelapheni isifo i-Alzheimer's.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi indlela yokuthola isifo i-Alzheimer's kufanele isekelwe kuma-biomarker atholakala egazini nasemaskeni, kunokuba isekelwe ezimpawini.
- Umgomo oyinhloko walokhu ukuhlonza lesi sifo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu nokunikeza ithuba lokwelashwa kusenesikhathi.
- Njengomdlavuza, kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi kwethulwe uhlelo lokuhlola isifo i-Alzheimer's kusukela ezigabeni 0 kuya ku-6.
- Kusenemibono ehlukene phakathi kochwepheshe mayelana nekhono lokuxilonga "iSigaba 1 se-Alzheimer" uma umuntu engenazo izimpawu, kodwa enezimpawu zokuhlola.
- Nakuba konke lokhu kusesesigabeni sokuphakanyiswa, uma kusetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo, kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekunakekelweni kwe-Alzheimer's. Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe enezinkinga zokukhumbula, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngakho.
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