Njengowesifazane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela impilo yebele lakho. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi uma uzwa igama elifana nelithi ' mammogram ', uzizwa wesaba futhi wethukile, akunjalo? Ucabanga ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto, njengokuthi kuzolimaza yini, kuzokwenzekani, nokuthi kuzovela ini embikweni. Yingakho, namuhla sizokhuluma ngale mammogram ngendlela elula kakhulu, njengokungathi ukhuluma nomngane, ukuze yonke imibuzo yakho ixazululwe.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-mammogram?
I-mammogram iyisivivinyo se-X-ray esikhethekile esisebenzisa umthamo ophansi kakhulu wemisebe ( i-X-ray ephansi) ukuhlola izicubu emabeleni akho. Lokhu kuhluke kakhulu ekuthathweni kwe-X-ray kwamathambo ethu. Odokotela bayisebenzisa ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mammogram (ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwezimpawu): Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubheka izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza webele ngaphambi kokuba kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu (njengeqhubu noma ubuhlungu). Kufana nokulungisa imoto ngaphambi kokuba kuvele inkinga. Umgomo lapha ukuyithola kusenesikhathi.
2. I-Diagnostic Mammogram (ukuhlolwa okwenziwa uma kuvela uphawu): Uma unezimpawu ezifana neqhubu elisha ebeleni lakho, ubuhlungu, ukuphuma kwamanzi ezingonweni, noma izinguquko zesikhumba, lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lokhu.
Khumbula, ngemva komdlavuza wesikhumba , umdlavuza webele uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma umdlavuza webele utholakala kusenesikhathi, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liphezulu lifinyelela ku-99% . Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-mammogram kungenye yezikhali ezinamandla kakhulu esinazo ezandleni zethu ngokumelene nomdlavuza webele.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-mammogram?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-mammogram.
- I-2D Digital Mammogram: Lokhu kuthatha izithombe zelinye lamabele akho kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili (phezulu kuya phansi kanye nasohlangothini oluya kolunye). Lena yindlela yendabuko.
- I-3D Digital Mammogram (Ukwenziwa Kwe-Digital Breast Tomosynthesis):Lena indlela entsha nethuthuke kancane. Lapha, ibele liyacindezelwa kanye, bese umshini uhamba ngendlela eqondile, uthatha izithombe eziningana ze-X-ray. Bese, ikhompyutha ihlanganisa lezi zithombe, idale isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D), njengokungathi isika izingcezu ezincane zebele. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone okungaphakathi kwezicubu zebele ngokucacile nangokujulile.
Ingabe i-mammogram ingasho ngo-100% ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza?
Yilapho abantu abaningi benza khona iphutha. Cha. I-mammogram ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza.
Cabanga ngemoto imiswa ngamaphoyisa emgwaqweni ngenxa yokusola. Awukwazi ukuyimisa nje bese uthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngayo. Kufanele uyihlole kahle. I-mammogram iyafana. Ikhomba kuphela uma kukhona okungajwayelekile okusolisayo ebeleni.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indawo etholakele inomdlavuza noma cha, udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge -ultrasound yebele noma i- biopsy yebele , okuhlanganisa ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu endaweni esolisayo. Kungemva kokuhlolwa kuphela lapho kungatholakala khona ngokuqinisekile ukuthi inomdlavuza noma cha.
Ubani okufanele ahlolwe i-mammogram? Kangaki?
Ngokuvamile, ngokwezincomo zomhlaba wonke, kunconywa ukuthi bonke abesifazane, kusukela eminyakeni engama-40 kuze kube yiminyaka engama-75, benze i-mammogram okungenani njalo eminyakeni emibili .
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuwona umthetho ojwayelekile wawo wonke umuntu. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engu-40 noma eduze kakhulu nakho (isib. njalo ngonyaka).
Obani abangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele?
Uma kukhona okulandelayo okukusebenzelayo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho bese uhlela isimiso se-mammogram esikufanele.
- Uma uke waba nomdlavuza webele ngaphambili.
- Uma amalungu omndeni wakho aseduze (umama, udadewenu, indodakazi) eke waba nomdlavuza webele noma wesibeletho .
- Uma utholakale unezinguquko zofuzo ezandisa ingozi yakho yomdlavuza webele, njenge -BRCA1 kanye ne-BRCA2 .
- Uma unezinkinga ezithile zamabele ezingezona ezomdlavuza, njenge- atypical ductal hyperplasia , lokho kwandisa ingozi yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
- Uma unamabele aqinile (lokhu kuzokhulunywa ngakho embikweni wakho we-mammogram).
Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, kunezikhathi lapho amadoda asengozini enkulu ngenxa yomlando womndeni womdlavuza nawo kudingeka enze ama-mammogram.
Ulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram?
Kufanele kube nokulungiselela okuthile ngaphambi nangosuku lokuhlolwa. Ake sikuchaze kanje.
| Indlela yokulungiselela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Uma ubeka eceleni usuku | Ungafaki idivayisi isonto ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabele akho angase abe bucayi kakhulu ngalezi zikhathi, okwenza ukuhlolwa kube nzima kakhulu. Kungcono ukufaka idivayisi cishe isonto ngemuva kokuphela kokuya esikhathini. |
| Izaziso ezikhethekile | Uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa, tshela udokotela wakho uma ubhukha i-aphoyintimenti yakho. Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma unezitho zokufakelwa amabele noma usanda kuthola umuthi wokugoma. |
| Ngosuku lokuhlolwa | Ungayifaki i-deodorant, iphunga elimnandi, i-lotion, noma impuphu yomzimba emakhwapheni akho. Ezinye zezinhlayiya ezikulezi zinto zingabonakala njengezinhlayiya ezithombeni ze-X-ray, okungathinta ukunemba kombiko. |
| Izingubo | Njengoba kufanele uveze umzimba wakho ongaphezulu ngokuphelele kusukela okhalweni kuye phansi, kulula ukugqoka ingubo enezicucu ezimbili, njengebhulukwe noma isiketi esinebhulawuzi, esikhundleni sengubo enezicucu eyodwa njengengubo. |
Kwenzekani ngempela ngesikhathi se-mammogram?
Le nqubo ayinzima njengoba ungase ucabange. Ngokuvamile ithatha cishe imizuzu eyi-15-20.
1. Okokuqala, uzocelwa ukuba ukhumule zonke izingubo kanye nobucwebe ngaphezu kwesinqe. Kunalokho, uzonikezwa ingubo evuleka ngaphambili.
2. Uzobe usuyiswa emshinini we-mammogram. Uchwepheshe uzokusiza.
3. Udinga ukubeka elinye lamabele akho epuletini elikhethekile emshinini.
4. Bese kusetshenziswa elinye i-paddle yepulasitiki ukucindezela ibele lakho ngobumnene. Lokhu kucindezela kubalulekile ngoba kuvumela izicubu zebele ukuthi zisabalale ngokulinganayo futhi zikhiqize isithombe se-X-ray esicacile ngaphandle kokufiphala. Kuphinde kunciphise umthamo wemisebe.
5. Isithombe se-X-ray sizothathwa ngemizuzwana embalwa yokusibamba.
6. Bese wenza okufanayo nakwelinye ibele.
7. Uma umsebenzi usuphelile, ungabuyela ezingutsheni zakho bese uqhubeka nomsebenzi wakho njengokujwayelekile ngalolo suku.
Umbuzo wonke umuntu awubuzayo: Ingabe i-mammogram iyabuhlungu?
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abayesabayo. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, kuyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bazizwa bengakhululekile, benomuzwa wokuqina . Abanye bangase bakuthole kubuhlungu kancane .
Kodwa ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lokhu kungakhululeki kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela . Umshini ukhulula ingcindezi ngokushesha nje lapho isithombe sithathwa. Uma uzizwa ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki, tshela uchwepheshe ngokushesha.
Ukungakhululeki okuzwayo kungancika ezintweni ezifana nalezi:
- Ubukhulu kanye nobukhulu bamabele akho.
- Ukusiphi isigaba somjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini.
- Ulwazi kanye nekhono lochwepheshe.
- Uyakwazi ukuphumula nokugcina ukuma okufanele.
Yini ekulo mbiko?
Umbiko wakho we-mammogram uvame ukufika zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi kungathatha isikhathi eside. Kusetshenziswa uhlelo olujwayelekile ukuhlukanisa imiphumela yalo mbiko ngezigaba. Lubizwa ngokuthi i-Breast Imaging and Data System (BI-RADS) .
| Inombolo ye-BI-RADS | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| 0 | Ulwazi olunganele. Kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe (isib. i-ultrasound). |
| 1 | Negative. Akukho ukuphazamiseka. Yenza isivivinyo esilandelayo njengenjwayelo. |
| 2 | Kukhona into engeyona umdlavuza (engeyinhle) . (Isibonelo: isimila) kodwa akuyona umdlavuza. |
| 3 | Cishe akuyona umdlavuza, kodwa kufanele uhlolwe futhi ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-6. |
| 4 | Kuyasolisa. Kunethuba elincane lomdlavuza. Kudingeka i-biopsy. |
| 5 | Kuyasolisa kakhulu. Kunethuba elikhulu lomdlavuza. Kudingeka i-biopsy nakanjani. |
| 6 | Umuntu osekuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unomdlavuza ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. |
Ungakhathazeki uma uthola umbiko "ongajwayelekile". Akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kusho ukuthi kukhona okusolisayo futhi okudingeka kuphenywe kabanzi. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.
Kuthiwani uma nginezitho zokufakelwa amabele?
Uma unezitho zokufakelwa amabele, akuyona inkinga nge-mammogram. Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazise uchwepheshe owenza ukuhlolwa nokuthi wenza nini i-aphoyintimenti yakho.
Ngenxa yokuthi izimila zenza kube nzima ukubona zonke izicubu zebele ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngaphezu kwenani elijwayelekile lezithombe, kuthathwa ezinye izithombe ezimbalwa ezikhethekile (ukubukwa kokufuduka kwe-implant (ID) . Lapha, i-implant isunduzelwa emuva kancane kancane, ilethe izicubu zebele phambili, bese kuthathwa izithombe. Ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokwesaba.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ama-mammogram ayivivinyo elihle kakhulu nelibaluleke kakhulu lokuthola umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi. Ungawesabi.
- Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje futhi kungase kungakhululeki kancane, kodwa kungasiza ekusindiseni impilo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwenza i-mammogram ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. Uma unezici eziyingozi, kungase kudingeke uqale ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Ungakhathazeki uma uthola umbiko "ongajwayelekile". Akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza, kusho ukuthi udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko, amaqhubu, noma ubuhlungu emabeleni akho, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda i-mammogram yakho elandelayo.
I-Mammogram, umdlavuza webele, i-X-ray, impilo yabesifazane, ukuhlolwa komdlavuza
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