Njengowesifazane, ukunakekela impilo yebele lakho kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, igama elithi ' mammogram ' ngezinye izikhathi lingabangela ukukhathazeka noma ukungabaza, akunjalo? Kungokwemvelo ukuzibuza ukuthi kuzolimaza yini, kuzokwenzekani, noma ukuthi imiphumela ingase iveze ini. Ngenxa yalokhu, lapha eNirogi Lanka, sifuna ukuxoxa ngakho konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nama-mammogram—ngokusobala nangokucacile, njengabangane abaxoxayo—ukuze ukhululeke.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-mammogram?
I-mammogram ukuhlolwa kwe -X-ray okukhethekile okusebenzisa umthamo ophansi kakhulu wemisebe ukuhlola izicubu ezingaphakathi kwamabele akho. Lokhu kuhluke ngokuphelele kuma-X-ray esiwasebenzisela amathambo ethu. Odokotela basebenzisa lokhu ngezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mammogram: Lokhu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu (njengeqhubu noma ubuhlungu) ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza webele. Cabanga ngakho njengokuyisa imoto yakho ukuze iyohlolwa ngaphambi kokuba noma yini ihambe kabi. Umgomo uwukuthola izinkinga ngokushesha okukhulu.
2. I-Diagnostic Mammogram: Uma usuvele unezimpawu ezintsha—njengeqhubu, ubuhlungu, ukuphuma kwamanzi ezingonweni, noma izinguquko zesikhumba—lolu vivinyo lusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela ebangela lezi zimpawu.
Khumbula, ngemva komdlavuza wesikhumba , umdlavuza webele ungomunye womdlavuza ovame kakhulu kwabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi uma umdlavuza webele utholakala kusenesikhathi, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu liphezulu lifinyelela ku-99% . Yingakho lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-mammogram kungenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu esinawo ekulweni nomdlavuza webele.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-mammogram?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-2D Digital Mammogram: Kule ndlela yendabuko, izithombe zebele lakho zithathwa ngezindlela ezimbili (phezulu kuya phansi kanye nasohlangothini kuya kolunye).
- I-3D Digital Mammogram (i-Digital Breast Tomosynthesis): Lena indlela ethuthuke kakhulu. Lapha, ibele liyacindezelwa kanye, bese umshini uhamba ngendlela eqondile ukuze uthwebule izithombe eziningi ze-X-ray. Ikhompyutha bese ihlanganisa lezi zibe isithombe se-3D, njengokubuka izingcezu zezicubu zebele. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ukubona izakhiwo zangaphakathi zebele ngokucace kakhulu nangokujula.
Ingabe i-mammogram ingaqinisekisa umdlavuza ngo-100%?
Yilapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. Cha, i-mammogram ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi unomdlavuza.
Cabanga ngakho njengephoyisa elimisa imoto ukuze liyohlolwa. Ukuthi nje imiswe akusho ukuthi umshayeli wenze into engalungile; idinga ukuphenywa kahle. I-mammogram isebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ikhomba kuphela uma kukhona indawo esolisayo edinga ukuhlolisiswa kahle .
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo esolisayo ingumdlavuza, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njenge- Breast Ultrasound noma i- Breast Biopsy, lapho kuthathwa khona isampula encane yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe. I-biopsy iyindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa noma yokususa umdlavuza ngokuqiniseka.
Ubani okufanele ahlolwe i-mammogram, futhi kangaki?
Ngokuvamile, iziqondiso zomhlaba wonke ziphakamisa ukuthi wonke owesifazane kufanele aqale ukwenza i-mammogram njalo eminyakeni emibili kusukela eneminyaka engu-40 kuze kube neminyaka engu-75.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuwona umthetho ofanele wonke umuntu. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uqale ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-40 noma ukwenze njalo (isib. minyaka yonke).
Ubani ongase abe sengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza webele?
Uma kukhona okulandelayo okukusebenzelayo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze udale isimiso se-mammogram esifanele wena:
- Unomlando wangaphambilini womdlavuza webele .
- Unomlando womndeni oqinile (umama, udadewabo, indodakazi) womdlavuza webele noma wesibeletho .
- Kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi unezakhi zofuzo ze -BRCA1 noma ze-BRCA2 , ezikhulisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele.
- Unezinkinga ezithile zebele ezingezona ezomdlavuza, njenge- atypical ductal hyperplasia , ezandisa ingozi yesikhathi esizayo.
- Unamabele aqinile (lokhu kuzokhulunywa ngakho embikweni wakho we-mammogram).
Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, amadoda anomlando womndeni osengozini enkulu angadinga futhi ukwenza i-mammogram.
Ulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram?
Kunezinye izinto ezilula okudingeka uzenze ngaphambi nangosuku lokuhlolwa kwakho. Ake sizichaze.
| Indlela Yokulungiselela | Imininingwane |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlela I-aphoyintimenti Yakho | Zama ukugwema ukuhlela ukuhlolwa kwakho phakathi nesonto elingaphambi noma phakathi nesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini. Amabele akho angase abe bucayi kakhulu phakathi nalesi sikhathi, okungenza ukuhlolwa kungakhululeki. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu cishe isonto elilodwa ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sakho sokuya esikhathini. |
| Izaziso Ezibalulekile | Sicela wazise abasebenzi bethu uma ubhukha uma ukhulelwe, uzama ukukhulelwa, noma uncelisa. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi uyasho uma unezitho zokufakelwa amabele noma uke wathola umuthi wokugomela muva nje. |
| Ngosuku Lokuhlolwa | Ungayifaki i-deodorant, iphunga elimnandi, i-lotion, noma impuphu yomzimba emakhwapheni noma esifubeni sakho. Le mikhiqizo iqukethe izinhlayiya ezingabonakala njengamabala ezithombeni ze-X-ray futhi ezingase zithinte ukunemba kombiko wakho. |
| Izingubo | Njengoba kuzodingeka ukhumule kusukela okhalweni kuya phezulu, ukugqoka ingubo enezingxenye ezimbili (njengebhulawuzi elinobhulukwe noma isiketi) kulula kakhulu kunokugqoka ingubo. |
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-mammogram?
Inqubo ilula futhi ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu eyi-15-20 kuphela.
1. Uzocelwa ukuthi ukhumule ubucwebe nezingubo kusukela okhalweni kuya phezulu futhi uzonikezwa ingubo evuleka ngaphambili.
2. Uchwepheshe uzokuqondisa emshinini we-mammogram futhi akusize ngokubeka i-mammogram endaweni efanele.
3. Isifuba sakho sizobekwa endaweni ekhethekile.
4. I-paddle yepulasitiki izobe isicindezela ibele lakho kancane. Lokhu kucindezela kubalulekile , njengoba kusakaza izicubu ukuqinisekisa izithombe ezicacile nezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi kunciphisa umthamo wemisebe odingekayo.
5. Isithombe se-X-ray sithathwa ngenkathi ibele lakho licindezelwa isikhashana imizuzwana embalwa.
6. Inqubo iyaphindwa ngakolunye uhlangothi.
7. Uma usuqedile, ungagqoka bese uqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngokushesha.
Ukukhathazeka Okuvamile: Ingabe i-mammogram ibuhlungu?
Abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ngalokhu. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuyahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye bangase bazizwe bengakhululekile noma becindezelekile , kanti abanye bangase bakuthole kubuhlungu kancane.
Kodwa-ke, ukungakhululeki kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Uma isithombe sesithathwe, ingcindezi iyakhululwa. Uma ukungakhululeki kuzwakala kungabekezeleleki, sicela ukhulume futhi utshele uchwepheshe ngokushesha.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kungancika ezintweni ezifana nalezi:
- Usayizi webele lakho kanye nobukhulu balo.
- Isikhathi somjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini.
- Ulwazi kanye nekhono lochwepheshe.
- Ikhono lakho lokuphumula nokugcina isikhundla esidingekayo.
Ukuqonda Umbiko Wakho
Imiphumela yakho ye-mammogram izotholakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Imiphumela ihlelwa ngezigaba kusetshenziswa uhlelo olujwayelekile olwaziwa ngokuthi yi- Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) .
| Isikolo se-BI-RADS | Incazelo Elula |
|---|---|
| 0 | Ulwazi olungaphelele. Kudingeka izithombe ezengeziwe (isib. i-Ultrasound). |
| 1 | Okubi. Akukho ukuphazamiseka okutholiwe. Qhubeka nokuhlolwa okuvamile. |
| 2 | Kuhle. Okutholakele akulona umdlavuza. |
| 3 | Cishe akunabungozi, kodwa ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ezinyangeni eziyi-6 kuyanconywa. |
| 4 | Kuyasolisa. Kunethuba eliphansi lokuba nomdlavuza. Kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe i-biopsy. |
| 5 | Kuyasolisa kakhulu. Amathuba aphezulu okuba nomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy kuyimpoqo. |
| 6 | Umdlavuza owaziwayo ofakazelwe yi-biopsy. |
Ungesabi uma uthola umphumela "ongajwayelekile". Akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Kusho ukuthi kukhona okutholakele okudinga uphenyo olwengeziwe. Udokotela wakho uzochaza izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezidingekayo ngokucacile.
Kuthiwani uma nginezitho zokufakelwa amabele?
Ukuba nokufakelwa amabele akukuvimbeli ekwenzeni i-mammogram. Kodwa-ke, kufanele usazise lapho ubhuka i-aphoyintimenti yakho futhi wazise uchwepheshe ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuskena.
Ngenxa yokuthi izimila zebele ngezinye izikhathi zingafihla izicubu ezingaphansi, sizothatha imibono embalwa ekhethekile eyaziwa ngokuthi ukubukwa kwe-implant displacement (ID) ngale kwezithombe ezijwayelekile. Phakathi nale nqubo, isimila sishintshwa kancane emuva ukuze kulethwe izicubu zebele zemvelo phambili ukuze kube nomfanekiso ocacile. Asikho isidingo sokuzizwa ukhathazekile ngalesi sinyathelo esengeziwe.
Izinto Ezibalulekile Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngempilo Yakho
- I-mammogram isalokhu iyindinganiso yegolide nethuluzi elibaluleke kakhulu ekutholakaleni komdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi. Sicela ungesabi ngenqubo.
- Nakuba ungase uzwe ukungakhululeki okufushane nokuncane, le nqubo ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela futhi iyindlela esindisa impilo yakho yesikhathi eside.
- Uma uneminyaka engu-40 noma ngaphezulu, xoxa nodokotela wakho nge-mammograms ejwayelekile. Uma unezici ezithile eziyingozi, kungadingeka uqale ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.
- Uma uthola umphumela "ongajwayelekile", zama ukungesabi. Lokhu akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza; kusho ukuthi kudingeka uphenyo olwengeziwe noma izithombe.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko, amaqhubu, noma ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emabeleni akho, ungalindi i-mammogram yakho elandelayo ehleliwe—xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ngokushesha.
I-Mammogram, i-Mammogram, Umdlavuza webele, Umdlavuza webele, i-X-ray, Impilo yabesifazane, impilo yabesifazane, Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza, ukuhlolwa, i-Nirogi Lanka
