Insangu, i-hemp, insangu, ukhula, imbiza... Lawa magama cishe uwajwayele kakhulu. Abanye abantu bathi umuthi, abanye bathi umuthi oyingozi. Kunezindaba eziningi ngalokhu emphakathini. Ngakho-ke kuyini ngempela? Kwenzani emzimbeni? Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngazo zonke izimfundiso ezingalungile kanye nezindaba zangempela ngalokhu, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane. Lokhu kuwumzamo wokunikeza izimpendulo ezicacile zemibuzo onayo engqondweni yakho.
Ake siqale sibone, iyini le nsangu?
Nakuba abantu abaningi basebenzisa amagama athi "insangu" kanye nelithi "insangu" ngokushintshana, kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwala magama amabili. Ake siqale sikuqonde kahle lokho.
- Insangu: Lokhu kubhekisela kunoma yimuphi umkhiqizo otholakala esitshalweni esaziwa ngokuthi `(Cannabis sativa)`. Lokho kusho izimbali ezomisiwe, amaqabunga, iziqu, kanye nembewu yaleso sitshalo. Lesi sitshalo sinezakhi zamakhemikhali ezingaphezu kuka-500. `(Cannabidiol - CBD)` ingenye yamakhemikhali anjalo.
- Insangu: Lokhu kubhekisela ezingxenyeni noma emikhiqizweni yesitshalo i-`(Cannabis sativa)` equkethe inani elikhulu lekhemikhali i-`(tetrahydrocannabinol - THC)`. Le khemikhali i-`(THC)` (ebizwa nangokuthi i-`(cannabinoid)`) iyimbangela eyinhloko yokuthi "udle", noma udakwe.
Kalula nje, yonke insangu iyinsangu (evela esitshalweni sensangu), kodwa akuyona yonke insangu eyinsangu (okusho ukuthi akuzona zonke eziqukethe amazinga aphezulu e-THC ekhuthaza ingqondo).
I-Marijuana ingenye yezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha. Kodwa ngokwesayensi, kusekuningi esingakwazi ngayo. Abacwaningi basafunda ngemiphumela yalesi sidakamizwa yesikhathi esifushane neyesikhathi eside.
Ingabe insangu iyi-hallucinogen?
Ososayensi baye bahlukanisa insangu (THC) ngokomlando njenge-hallucinogen. Okusho ukuthi, into engabangela abantu ukuthi babone noma bezwe izinto ezingekho ngempela. Kodwa-ke, le miphumela ayiveli njalo lapho kusetshenziswa insangu.
Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kungabangela ukubona izinto ezingekho, ngokuvamile kuhlukile emiphumeleni yezinye izinto ezibangela ukudideka kwengqondo, njenge-LSD. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi imiphumela yensangu ebangela ukudideka kwengqondo ingasebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunezinye izinto ezibangela ukudideka kwengqondo.
Ngakho-ke iyini 'insangu yezokwelapha'?
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ezifweni ezithile. Inhloso eyinhloko yalokhu ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu zesifo esithile . Akuselaphi lesi sifo ngokuphelele. Nazi ezinye zezimo lapho insangu isetshenziswa khona kwezokwelapha:
- Ukuqeda ubuhlungu obungapheli: Lawula ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu be-neuropathic. Lokhu kungasiza futhi ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinhlungu ye-opioid.
- Ukunciphisa isicanucanu: Njengomuthi wokudambisa isicanucanu olawula ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu.
- Lawula ezinye izimpawu: Lawula izimpawu ezifana nokuqina kwemisipha (ukuqaqamba) okubangelwa izifo ezifana ne-"Multiple sclerosis - MS".
- Ukukhuthaza Isifiso Sokudla: Vuselela isifiso sokudla kulabo abafisa ukudla.
Kodwa khumbula, ngisho nasemazweni afana ne-United States, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ibeke insangu esigabeni sayo njengento engavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha okwamanje futhi enethuba eliphezulu lokulutha . Ngenxa yalokho, odokotela abakwazi "ukuyinika" insangu. Kodwa-ke, emazweni lapho ivunyelwe khona ngokomthetho, ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ngezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.
Izikhungo eziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke azikasivumeli isitshalo sensangu njengokwelashwa kwanoma yisiphi isifo. Kodwa-ke, imithi eminingana eyenziwe ngamakhemikhali athile ahlanziwe esitshalweni sensangu iye yavunyelwa.
| Umuthi ovunyiwe | Isimo sokusetshenziswa |
|---|---|
| I-Cannabidiol (i-Cannabidiol - i-Epidiolex®) | Ukulawula ukuquleka ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezingavamile kakhulu zesifo sokuwa (ukukhubazeka) okuthiwa i-Lennox-Gastaut syndrome kanye ne-Dravet syndrome . |
| I-Dronabinol (Marinol®) kanye ne-nabilone (Cesamet®) | Ukulawula isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa yi-chemotherapy yomdlavuza. Umuthi i-dronabinol usetshenziselwa futhi ukulawula isifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo ezigulini ezine-HIV/AIDS. |
I-cannabis ikuthinta kanjani?
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Indlela insangu ethinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye ihlukile kakhulu. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- Izakhi zofuzo zakho.
- iminyaka yakho.
- Ubulili bakho.
- Inani lensangu esetshenzisiwe kanye namandla ayo.
- Indlela odla ngayo insangu (ukubhema, ukufutha, noma ukudla).
- Isikhathi esingakanani futhi kangaki oyisebenzisayo insangu.
- Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa eminye imithi noma izidakamizwa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi umngane wakho angase angazizwa ngendlela efanayo nawe lapho usebenzisa insangu. Futhi, ngisho nakumuntu ofanayo, imiphumela ingahluka usuku nosuku.
Yimiphi imiphumela esheshayo?
Uma ubhema insangu, i-`(THC)` imuncwa ngokushesha kakhulu isuka emaphashini iye egazini. Ihamba ngegazi iye ebuchosheni nakwezinye izitho zomzimba. Kodwa uma udla noma uphuza insangu, i-`(THC)` imuncwa kancane emzimbeni. Kungathatha cishe imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-60 ukuzwa imiphumela yayo.
Kwenzekani ngaphakathi kobuchopho? Kukhona ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi `(anandamide)` eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ebuchosheni bethu. `(THC)` ifana kakhulu ngesimo `(anandamide)`. Ngakho-ke, `(THC)` ingabopha kuma-receptor asebuchosheni ahlobene `(anandamide)` futhi yenze lezo zingxenye zisebenze ngokweqile. Yingakho kuvela imiphumela eyahlukahlukene.
| Imiphumela yesikhashana yokusetshenziswa kwensangu | |
|---|---|
| Imiphumela ekusebenzeni kobuchopho | |
| Imizwa eshintshile | Imibala ibonakala ikhanya kakhulu, amaphunga anamandla kakhulu. |
| Umqondo oshintshiwe wesikhathi nendawo | Ukuzizwa sengathi isikhathi sihamba kancane. |
| Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa | Ukuzizwa ujabule ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Izinkinga zokucabanga nenkumbulo | Ubunzima bokuxazulula izinkinga, inkumbulo embi. |
| Izinkinga zokulinganisela nokuhlanganisa | Ubunzima bokuhamba, isikhathi sokusabela esihamba kancane. |
| Eminye imiphumela | Ukozela, isiyezi, ukuhlaselwa uvalo. |
| Imiphumela engaba khona yokudlula ngokweqile | |
| Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho | Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho ngempela. |
| Ukukhohlisa | Ukukholelwa ngokuqinile ezintweni ezingelona iqiniso nhlobo. |
| I-Psychosis | Ukulahlekelwa ukuxhumana neqiniso. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kulabo abasebenzisa insangu enamandla kakhulu njalo. |
| Eminye imiphumela yesikhashana emzimbeni | |
| Izici zomzimba | Umlomo owomile, isicanucanu, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okukhuphukile (kungathatha amahora amathathu), ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla. |
Kwenzekani uma uyisebenzisa isikhathi eside?
Abacwaningi basafunda okuningi ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside yensangu. Ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholakale kuze kube manje, ukusetshenziswa kwensangu isikhathi eside kungadala imiphumela elandelayo:
- Imiphumela ekukhuleni kobuchopho: Uma uqala ukusebenzisa insangu, ikakhulukazi usemncane (ngaphambi kokuba ubuchopho bukhule ngokugcwele), ingalimaza ukuxhumana kwezinzwa ebuchosheni okubangela izinqubo ezifana nokunaka, inkumbulo, nokufunda. Le miphumela ingahlala impilo yonke .
- Ukulimala kwamaphaphu:Njengogwayi, ukubhema noma yini kuyingozi emaphashini. Ukubhema insangu kungalimaza amaphaphu, kubangele izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis, futhi kulimaze imithambo yegazi emincane.
- Ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi: Ukubhema insangu kwandisa ingozi yesifo sohlangothi, isifo senhliziyo , kanye nezinye izifo zemithambo yegazi.
- Ingozi yokugula ngengqondo: Abantu abavame ukusebenzisa insangu, ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo sengqondo esibangelwa ufuzo, basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zengqondo ezinzima (psychoses) njenge-schizophrenia.
- Ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo: Abantu abaphuza imithamo ephezulu ye-THC isikhathi eside bangase babe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cannabis hyperemesis syndrome, esibonakala ngokuhlanza okuvamile nokukhulu.
- Ezinye izinkinga zempilo: Isifo se-periodontal, izimo ezibuhlungu ezivame ukuvela kubantu abanesifo se-sickle cell, kanye nezinkinga ze-spermatogenesis emadodeni kungathinta ukuzala.
Ungaba umlutha wensangu?
Yebo, kungenzeka ngempela.
Cishe oyedwa kubantu abadala abayi-10 abasebenzisa insangu uba nesifo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Cannabis use disorder". Lesi yisifo sengqondo esihlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa (i-substance use disorder - SUD). Kalula nje, yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi "umlutha."
Abantu abaqala ukusebenzisa insangu, ikakhulukazi besebancane, banamathuba aphindwe kane kuya kwesikhombisa okuthola lesi simo kunabantu abadala.
Lokhu kulutheka kungathinta kabi impilo yakho, ubudlelwano bomndeni, umsebenzi, kanye nazo zonke izici zokuphila kwakho. Ngakho-ke, uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nezimpawu zalesi simo, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa
Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Iziphathimandla zezempilo zomhlaba zikweluleka ngokuqinile ukusebenzisa i-CBD, i-THC, noma insangu nganoma yiluphi uhlobo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngenkathi uncelisa .
Ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungadala imiphumela emibi efana nalokhu:
- Umonakalo ekukhuleni kobuchopho bomntwana esibelethweni: I-THC egazini likamama ingangena ebuchosheni bomntwana. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi lokhu kungathinta izinto ezifana nokunaka komntwana, inkumbulo, kanye namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.
- Ingozi enkulu yokuzalwa kwezingane ezinesisindo esiphansi.
- Ingozi eyengeziwe yokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokufa komntwana esibelethweni .
Futhi, kuze kube yizinsuku eziyisithupha ngemuva kokuba umama esebenzise insanguUbisi lwebele lungaba ne-THC. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugwema ukusebenzisa insangu ngokuphelele ngesikhathi uncelisa. I-THC ingadlula ubisi iye enganeni futhi ithinte ukukhula kobuchopho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthu yensangu iqukethe amakhemikhali amaningi ayingozi afana nentuthu kagwayi. Ngakho-ke, ungalokothi ubheme insangu phambi kwezinsana noma izingane ezincane.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Insangu iyingxenye yesitshalo equkethe ikhemikhali ebangela ukucindezeleka kwengqondo ebizwa ngokuthi "i-THC" ekunika "ukudakwa."
- Imiphumela yensangu iyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yakho, izakhi zofuzo, kanye nenani olisebenzisayo.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwensangu, ikakhulukazi esemncane, kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ekukhuleni kobuchopho, emaphashini nasenhliziyweni.
- Inkinga yokusebenzisa insangu yisimo sengqondo sangempela esidinga ukwelashwa.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwensangu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa kuyingozi kakhulu enganeni. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuyigwema ngokuphelele .
- Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwensangu noma imiphumela yayo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho . Bakhona ukuzokusiza.
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