Uma sibona ukuthi izinga lakho le-cholesterol egazini liphezulu embikweni, into yokuqala esicabanga ngayo ukulawula ukudla kwethu nokuzivocavoca, akunjalo? Empeleni yilokho okufanele sikwenze. Ukunciphisa amafutha agcwele, ukususa ngokuphelele amafutha e-trans, ukunciphisa ushukela, nokuzivocavoca njalo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila zodwa azanele ukwehlisa amazinga akho e-LDL cholesterol, okuyinto eyingozi emzimbeni wakho. Yilapho udokotela wakho angase akuqalise khona imithi yokukusiza.
Kodwa khumbula kahle lokhu, akufanele neze uyeke imikhuba emihle oyiqalile (ukulawula ukudla kanye nokuzivocavoca) ngoba nje uqale ukuthatha imithi. Udinga ukuqhubeka nayo yomibili ndawonye.
Manje ake sibheke izinhlobo zemithi odokotela abayinikezayo yokwehlisa i-cholesterol embi (i-LDL), ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi yini okudingeka siyiqaphele lapho sisebenzisa le mithi.
Yimaphi ama-statins cishe wonke umuntu awaziyo?
Kalula nje, ama-statin uhlobo lokuqala lomuthi udokotela awunikezayo ukuze wehlise i-cholesterol. Asebenza ngokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol yisibindi sakho. Lokhu kunciphisa izinga le-cholesterol embi (LDL) egazini lakho. Aphinde asize ekunciphiseni olunye uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides futhi akhuphule kancane izinga le-cholesterol "enhle" (HDL).
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukusebenzisa imithi ye-statin kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kanye nesifo sohlangothi.
| Ama-statin asetshenziswa kakhulu | Imiphumela emibi okufanele uyiqaphele |
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| Inothi elikhethekile: Uma uthatha imithi ye-statin, gwema ijusi le-grapefruit kanye ne-grapefruit, ngoba kungashintsha indlela umuthi omuncwa ngayo kanye nendlela osebenza ngayo emzimbeni. | |
Imithi esebenza ngaphakathi emathunjini
Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu ngaphakathi ohlelweni lwakho lwamathumbu.
Ama-Resin e-Bile Acid
Le mithi isebenza ngokubopha into ebizwa ngokuthi "i-bile" ekhishwa yisibindi (esakhiwe nge-cholesterol) futhi ivimbele ukuthi ingaphinde imuncwe egazini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiza ngokungaqondile ukunciphisa inani le-cholesterol emzimbeni.
- Izibonelo: I-Cholestyramine (Prevalite), i-Colesevelam (WelChol), i-Colestipol (Colestid)
- Imiphumela emibi: Evame kakhulu ukuqunjelwa, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokungakhululeki esiswini.
I-Ezetimibe
Lolu uhlobo oluhlukile lomuthi. I-Ezetimibe (Zetia) isebenza ngokuvimbela ngqo ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol emathunjini akho amancane iye egazini lakho. Ivame ukunikezwa kanye nomuthi we-statin. Lokhu kuzokwenza umphumela wokwehlisa i-cholesterol usebenze kangcono.
- Imiphumela emibi: Ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubuhlungu besisu, kanye nesifo sohudo kungase kwenzeke.
Uhlobo olusha lwemithi olubizwa ngokuthi i-PCSK9 Inhibitors
Le mithi emisha futhi ebiza kakhulu. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa abantu abanamazinga e-cholesterol angalawulwa yizinguquko zendlela yokuphila kanye nokwelashwa ngama-statin. Inikezwa ikakhulukazi abantu abanesimo sofuzo esibangela i-cholesterol ephezulu (njenge-Heterozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia - HeFH) noma asebevele benesifo senhliziyo kanye nama-statin kuphela akwanele.
Lawa akuzona amaphilisi, kodwa atholakala njengomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba njalo emavikini amabili. Asebenza ngokuvimbela iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-PCSK9, okwandisa ikhono lomzimba lokususa i-cholesterol ye-LDL egazini.
- Izibonelo: I-Alirocumab (Praluent), i-Evolocumab (Repatha)
- Okuqhamuka uma udla imishanguzo:Ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kusha, kuncane okwaziwayo ngemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside. Izinto ezibikiwe kuze kube manje ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushaqeka endaweni yomjovo, kanye nezimpawu ezifana nekhala eligobhozayo kanye nomkhuhlane.
Ake sifunde kancane ngezinye izinhlobo zemithi.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zemithi okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana zemithi.
I-Niacin
Lolu uhlobo lwevithamini B. Uma lunikezwa njengomuthi ngemithamo ephezulu, lunganciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL futhi lunyuse i-cholesterol ye-HDL. Kodwa-ke, izifundo azibonisanga ukuthi ukufaka i-niacin kuma-statin kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Imiphumela emibi eyinhloko ukuhlanza, ukulunywa, ukungazweli kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu.
Ama-Fibrate
Le mithi isebenza kakhulu ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kohlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuthi ama-triglycerides kanye nokwandisa amazinga e-cholesterol amahle (i-HDL).
- Izibonelo: I-Fenofibrate, i-Gemfibrozil (i-Lopid)
Ama-Inhibitors e-ATP Citrate Lyase (ACL)
I-Bempedoic acid (Nexletol) uhlobo lomuthi olusebenza futhi ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-cholesterol yisibindi.
Ama-Omega-3
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo zamafutha enhlanzi emakhemisi kunganciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ukuthatha izithasiselo zamafutha enhlanzi, njengevithamini ejwayelekile, kwenza okufanayo. Kodwa-ke, ama-omega-3 amaningi anikezwe udokotela anganciphisa amazinga e-triglyceride futhi anciphise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo kubantu abasengozini.
Ngakho-ke, gwema ukuthenga uwoyela wezinhlanzi ekhemisi ngokwakho ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
Qiniseka ukuthi uyazikhumbula lezi zinto uma usebenzisa imithi ye-cholesterol!
Uma umuthi usubhaliwe, kubalulekile ukuwusebenzisa njengoba ubhaliwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke uthole izinzuzo ezigcwele kuwo.
- Yazi ukuthi kungani uthatha lo muthi: Cela udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde kahle ukuthi kungani unikezwe lo muthi nokuthi uzokwenzani.
- Thatha umuthi wakho ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke: Kwenze umkhuba ukuthatha umuthi wakho nsuku zonke. Khetha isikhathi esifanayo sosuku.
- Ungayeki ukuphuza imithi yakho noma ngabe uzizwa ungcono: Ungayeki ukuphuza imithi yakho noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubuza udokotela wakho. Ngisho noma uzizwa ungcono futhi kungekho lutho olungalungile ngawe, qhubeka uphuza imithi yakho.
- Hlela: Sebenzisa ibhokisi lamaphilisi elinezinsuku zesonto eziphawulwe kulo. Ligcwalise ekuqaleni kwesonto futhi awusoze wakhohlwa ukuphuza imithi yakho.
- Gcina ikhalenda yemithi:Bhala uphawu ekhalendeni lakho njalo uma uthatha umuthi wakho. Uma udokotela wakho eshintsha umuthi wakho, ubhale phansi nalapho.
- Unganciphisi umthamo ukuze wonge imali: Ukuze uthole izinzuzo ezigcwele zomuthi, udinga ukuthatha umthamo oqondile. Uma izindleko ziyinkinga, ungabi namahloni okukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Angase akwazi ukukunikeza ikhambi elihlukile.
- Tshela udokotela wakho ngeminye imithi: Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimaphi amavithamini, amakhambi, noma eminye imithi oyithathayo, njengoba eminye ingathintana nemithi ye-cholesterol.
- Uma ukhohlwa ukuthatha umthamo: Thatha umthamo ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Kodwa-ke, uma sekuyisikhathi somthamo wakho olandelayo, yeqa umthamo ongawusebenzisi bese uthatha umthamo olandelayo ngesikhathi esihleliwe. Cela udokotela wakho ukuthi akucacisele ngalokhu.
- Uma usohambweni: Gcina imithi yakho nawe. Uma uzohamba uhambo olude, thatha okungenani imithi yesonto lonke kanye nekhophi yemithi yakho kadokotela.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Tshela udokotela wakho noma udokotela wamazinyo ngemithi oyiphuzayo ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma ukukhishwa kwezinyo.
- Qaphela utshwala: Utshwala bungandisa imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile futhi bunciphise ukusebenza kwayo. Ngakho-ke buza udokotela wakho ngotshwala bese ucela iseluleko.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ngisho noma uqala ukuphuza imithi, ungayeki ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca. Lokhu kokubili kudingeka kuhambisane.
- Phuza umuthi njengoba nje udokotela ewushilo, ngesikhathi esifanele, nangesilinganiso esifanele.
- Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi noma ushintshe umthamo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi emisha (isib. ubuhlungu bomzimba, izinguquko zesikhumba), yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
- Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi, amavithamini, noma imithi ye-Ayurvedic oyithathayo, njengoba ingase ihlangane nemithi ye-cholesterol.
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