Uke wezwa ngalesi sifo esingajwayelekile? Ake sifunde nge-Melioidosis kusukela ku-A kuya ku-Z!

Wake wezwa ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Melioidosis'? Igama lingase lizwakale lingavamile. Kodwa lesi yisifo okufanele sicatshangelwe emazweni afana nelethu lapho kunokushisa okukhulu nomswakama, ikakhulukazi kulabo abachayeke enhlabathini nasemanzini. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukwesabe, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Melioidosis?

Kalula nje, i-melioidosis yisifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya . Ibangelwa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya elibizwa ngokuthi i-Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei). Lidluliselwa kithi ngokuxhumana ngqo nomhlabathi noma amanzi angcolile aqukethe leli bhaktheriya. Izimpawu ozivezayo zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngokuthi watheleleka kanjani nokuthi unezinye izimo eziyisisekelo.

Lesi sifo singathinta abantu nezilwane. Kodwa-ke, asidluliselwa kubantu sisuka ezilwaneni . Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi lesi sifo ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi "isifo sikaWhitmore".

Ikuphi i-Melioidosis evame kakhulu?

Ibhaktheriya i-'B. pseudomallei' ivame kakhulu emithonjeni yenhlabathi namanzi enyakatho ye-Australia naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia - ikakhulukazi amazwe angomakhelwane njengeThailand, iSingapore, neMalaysia. Kodwa-ke, lezi ziguli zibikwe nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.

Cabanga nje, leli gciwane latholakala endaweni egudle ugu lwaseMississippi, e-USA, ngo-2022. Futhi, ngo-2021, leli gciwane latholakala entweni ethile e-aromatherapy spray, futhi abantu abaningana baye bathola lesi sifo ngenxa yalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi leli gciwane lingatholakala ezindaweni ezingalindelekile.

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yi-Melioidosis?

Ezindaweni lapho leli gciwane livame khona, livame ukuthinta abantu abadala abanezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo, ngokuvamile abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-40 no-60. Ngokumangazayo, izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-15 azivamile ukuthintwa yilesi sifo.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-melioidosis?

Usengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo uma uhlala noma usebenza endaweni lapho amagciwane e-B. pseudomallei avame khona, futhi uma unezinye zezimo zempilo ezilandelayo:

• Isifo Sikashukela : Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo.
• Inkinga yokusebenzisa utshwala
• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona
• Izifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona : Isibonelo, `(Cystic fibrosis)` noma `(COPD)`.
• Umdlavuza noma ezinye izifo ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba : Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka nge-HIV akubonakali kwandisa ingozi ye-melioidosis.
• I-Thalassemia

Futhi, ezindaweni lapho igciwane elithi `B. pseudomallei` livame khonaAbantu abenza imisebenzi noma izinto zokuzilibazisa ezihilela ukuthintana njalo nomhlabathi namanzi angaphezulu komhlaba, njengokulima, ukulima, kanye nokulima, nabo basengozini enkulu. Cabanga nje, uMalume uKamal, onesifo sikashukela edolobhaneni lakithi, usebenza emasimini, futhi uvame ukungena emanzini anodaka. Kufanele aqaphele lolu hlobo lwesifo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Melioidosis?

Izimpawu ozibonayo zizohluka kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi emzimbeni wakho. Ungase ube nezimpawu emaphashini akho, esikhumbeni, egazini, noma ezindaweni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Izimpawu ze-melioidosis yamaphaphu (i-pulmonary melioidosis)

Uma unesifo emaphashini akho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhwehlela
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Imfiva
• Isifiso sokudla
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu

Izimpawu ze-Melioidosis esikhumbeni sakho (ezitholakala endaweni ethile)

Uma kuyisifo sesikhumba, ungase ubone izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Amanxeba, izilonda, noma amathumba
• Ama-lymph node avuvukele
• Imfiva

Izimpawu ze-Melioidosis egazini lakho

Ngezinye izikhathi, kanye nezimpawu zokutheleleka esikhumbeni noma emaphashini, kungase kube nezimpawu zokutheleleka egazini (i-septicemia). Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi ubuthi egazini. Izimpawu yilezi:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu
• Ukukhathala/ukukhathala okukhulu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula/ukuphefumula okufushane
• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Izinguquko zengqondo ezifana nokudideka nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo

Izimpawu ze-melioidosis Engapheli (esakazekile)

Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingahlala izinyanga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, igciwane le-B. pseudomallei lingasakazeka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okungapheli
• Imfiva
• Ukwehlisa isisindo
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukukhwehlela igazi
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma besifuba
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha noma amalunga
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Izimo zesifo sokuwa (ukuquleka)

Izimpawu zibonakala isikhathi esingakanani ngemva kokuchayeka kubhaktheriya?

Kwabaningi abantu, izimpawu zivela zingakapheli isonto elilodwa kuya kwamane bevezwe kubhaktheriya. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isikhathi sokufukamela. Kodwa ngokumangazayo, abanye abantu bangaba nezimpawu ezinyangeni, ngisho neminyaka, ngemva kokuvezwa kubhaktheriya. Ngakho-ke kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane.

Yini ebangela i-melioidosis?

Imbangela yalokhu, njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `B. pseudomallei`. Lihlala emanzini angaphezulu (emachibini, emifuleni, emachibini) nasenhlabathini. Leli gciwane livame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezishisayo.

Abantu bayithola kanjani i-melioidosis?

Uthola lesi sifo ngokuxhumana ngqo nomhlabathi noma amanzi angcoliswe yibhaktheriya i-'B. pseudomallei'. Kunezindlela eziningana leli bhaktheriya elingangena ngazo emzimbeni wakho:

• Ngenxeba esikhumbeni sakho, njengokusikeka noma ukuklwebheka.
• Ukuphefumula : Lokhu kusho ukuthi leli gciwane lingangena ohlelweni lwakho lokuphefumula kanye nezinhlayiya zothuli enhlabathini.
• Ukumpompela amanzi angcolile emaphashini : Lokhu kungenzeka uma usebenza emanzini noma ugeza.
• Ngokuphuza noma ngokugwinya amanzi angcolile.

Ukutheleleka kwe-B. pseudomallei kuvame kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemvula enkulu, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi amabhaktheriya asenhlabathini afika phezulu futhi angene emithonjeni yamanzi.

Ingabe i-Melioidosis ingadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye?

Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. I-Melioidosis ayivamile ukusabalala isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Indlela eyinhloko yokuthola igciwane iwukuthinta inhlabathi noma amanzi angcolile. Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki ngokungadingekile.

Itholakala kanjani i-Melioidosis?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, akuhlole, bese ethatha amasampula egazi lakho noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba ukuze ahlolwe. Bangase futhi bakubuze ngomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, noma umlando wakho wokuhamba wakamuva.

Amasampula athunyelwa elabhorethri, lapho ochwepheshe bezohlola khona amasampula akho ukuze babone ukuthi akhona yini amabhaktheriya e-B. pseudomallei kanye nama-antibodies amelene nawo. Amasampula asetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa i-melioidosis yile:

• Igazi
• Umchamo
• Isikhwehlela
• Ubomvu obuvela esilondeni

Iphathwa kanjani i-Melioidosis?

Odokotela belapha lesi sifo ngezinhlobo ezimbili zama -antibiotic ngezigaba ezimbili. Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ende kancane.

• Esigabeni sokuqala (esinamandla) : Uzonikezwa ama-antibiotic e-intravenous (IV) okungenani amasonto amabili. Lokhu ukwelashwa okudinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
• Esigabeni sesibili (sokuqeda) : Kuzodingeka uphuze ama-antibiotic omlomo okungenani izinyanga ezintathu.

Kuye ngokuthi isimo sakho sibucayi kangakanani, ungadinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe, njengokukhipha amathumba uma ekhona.

Yimaphi ama-antibiotic asetshenziswayo ekwelapheni i-melioidosis?

Phakathi kwama-antibiotic afakwa ngemithambo yegazi (ajovwe), udokotela wakho angase akunikeze:

• `I-Ceftazidime` `(I-Ceftazidime)`
• `Meropenem` `(Meropenem)`
• `Imipenem` `(Imipenem)`

Lokhu kunganikezwa njengama-antibiotic omlomo:

• `I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole` `(I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - TMP/SMX)`
• `I-Amoxicillin/i-clavulanic acid` `(I-Amoxicillin/i-clavulanic acid - i-co-amoxiclav)`

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza umuthi ngqo kuze kube yilapho udokotela ekunika yonke imithi. Ungayeki phakathi nendawo ngoba nje uzizwa ungcono kancane.

Sizivikela kanjani ku-Melioidosis?

Ezindaweni lapho amagciwane e-B. pseudomallei avame khona, ungathatha lezi zinyathelo ukuze uzivikele kulesi sifo:

• Uma unesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona , gwema ukuthintana nenhlabathi namanzi amile ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gqoka amabhuzu angangeni manzi uma uhamba enhlabathini emanzi, emanzini amile, noma odakeni.
• Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​uma usebenza engadini noma ngenhlabathi.
• Uma unezibazi noma imihuzuko emzimbeni wakho, zimboze ngesimbozo esingangeni manzi . Ungavumeli inhlabathi noma amanzi angene emanxebeni, okungawangcolisa.
• Geza noma ugeze kahle ngemva kokusebenza ngenhlabathi, amanzi anodaka, noma ukusebenza ngaphandle.
• Gqoka imaski evala impumulo nomlomo wakho lapho usika utshani, usika ukhula, noma usebenzisa izifutho zamanzi ezinomfutho ophezulu phansi.
• Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yibhaktheriya ethi `B. pseudomallei`, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic (ukuvimbela ukusabalala ngemuva kokutheleleka) ukuze uvimbele i-melioidosis.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngiba ne-melioidosis?

Iningi labantu abangenazo ezinye izimo ezibucayi eziyisisekelo futhi abathola ukwelashwa okusheshayo bangalulama ngokuphelele kulesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa kungadingeka kuqhubeke izinyanga ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele amagciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zingabuya ngisho nangemva kokuphela kokwelashwa (ukubuyela emuva). Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho.

Kodwa-ke, kulabo abanezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo, noma labo abangazange bakwazi ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, isimo singase sibe sibi kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Melioidosis ingelapheka?

Yebo, i-melioidosis ingelapheka ngohlelo lokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic olunezigaba ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo zingaba zimbi kakhulu ngokushesha, futhi ukwelashwa kungase kungabi yimpumelelo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ingabe i-Melioidosis ingaba yingozi?

Ngokwelashwa okusheshayo nokufanelekile, izinga lokufa liphakathi kuka-10% no-20% . Kodwa-ke, ingozi yokugula okukhulu nokufa ngenxa ye-melioidosis iyanda nge:

• Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesinye isifo esiyisisekelo noma cha.
• Ikhono lokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu.
• Yiziphi izitho zomzimba ezithelelekile?

Ngingazinakekela kanjani njengomuntu one-Melioidosis?

Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-melioidosis, thatha yonke imithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele . Uma uyeka ukuthatha ama-antibiotic ngokushesha, ungase ubuye ugule.

Qiniseka ukuthi uya kudokotela ngezinsuku ozinikiwe zokumbona. Uma izimpawu zakho ziphela bese zibuya, noma uma kuvela izimpawu ezintsha, noma uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, yazisa udokotela wakho.

Izinkinga ze-Melioidosis

I-Melioidosis ingasakazeka ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba wakho futhi ibangele izinkinga ezifana nalezi:

• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo `(Osteomyelitis)`
• Ukutheleleka kwamalunga `(i-Septic arthritis)`
• Ukuqoqwa kobomvu (amathumba) esikhumbeni, emaphashini, esibindini, ebhentshini, ebuchosheni, noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
• I-Sepsis - Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, impendulo enzima yomzimba ekuthelelekeni okulimaza izitho zomzimba.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ze-melioidosis, ikakhulukazi uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-B. pseudomallei ivame khona noma usanda kuhamba khona, bona udokotela ngokushesha . Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokululama ngokugcwele.

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usanda kuvezwa yibhaktheriya i-B. pseudomallei, bona udokotela. Angase akwazi ukukunikeza i-prophylaxis yangemva kokuchayeka ukuze akuvimbele ekutholeni lesi sifo.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezinzima, hamba uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/39.4 Celsius)
• Ukuphefumula okuphuthumayo noma okunzima
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Izimo zesifo sokuwa (ukuquleka)

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Ngingawuthatha kanjani umuthi wami?
• Kufanele ngize nini ukukubona futhi?
• Ngizoba ngcono nini?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiye ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze ngizihlole?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze ngiphathe izimpawu zami ekhaya?
• Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana? (Sengiyazi manje ukuthi lokhu akuvamile, kodwa kuhle ukuqiniseka)

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Melioidosis yisifo esidinga ukunakwa okuthile futhi kungaba nzima ukusithola . Ngoba izimpawu zaso zingafana nezezinye izifo ezivamile, ezingaba yingozi kangako. Uma singelashwa, singasongela ukuphila.Ngakho-ke uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wavezwa yibhaktheriya ethi `B. pseudomallei`, noma uma unezimpawu ze-melioidosis, noma uma useqenjini eliyingozi elingaba yingozi kakhulu, ungangabazi ukubona udokotela wakho bese uxoxa ngezinto ezikukhathazayo . Ukuthatha isinyathelo esisheshayo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphilile!

I- Melioidosis, i-Burkholderia pseudomallei, ukutheleleka komhlabathi, ukutheleleka kwamanzi, ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, ukuvimbela