Ufuna ukwazi kahle ukuthi siyini isifo se-Meningococcal? Ake sixoxe ngaso!

Kunezifo ezithile ezizwakala ziyesabeka kancane ngisho noma uzwa igama lazo, awucabangi? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esibi kakhulu, kodwa esingalawulwa uma usazi kusengaphambili. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isifo se-meningococcal. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngakho konke ngokucacile.

Iyini Isifo Se-Meningococcal?

Kalula nje, isifo se-meningococcal siwukutheleleka kwamagciwane . Sibangelwa igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi i-Neisseria meningitidis. Ngezinye izikhathi libizwa ngokuthi i-meningococcus. Leli gciwane lingathelela ulwelwesi oluvikelayo oluzungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla (olubizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges) kanye negazi . Lokhu kutheleleka kuyingozi kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi empilweni . Uma ama-meninges etheleleka ngale ndlela, kubizwa ngokuthi i-meningococcal meningitis, kanti uma igazi lithelelekile, kubizwa ngokuthi i-meningococcal septicemia (njengokungenwa yigazi).

Ukuze sichaze igama elithi 'meninges' kakhudlwana, lisho iSistimu Yethu Yezinzwa Ephakathi , okungukuthi, izindwangu ezintathu ezizungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla. Njengezindwangu ezithambile ezihlukanisa i-pith ye-orenji, lezi ziphinde zivikele ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla. Eqinisweni, isikhumba sethu siyindwangu enkulu kunazo zonke evikelayo emzimbeni wethu. Lawa ma-meninges amathathu yi-pia mater, i-arachnoid, kanye ne-dura mater.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesifo se-meningococcal kanye ne-meningitis?

Manje ungase ucabange, 'Ngakho-ke, ingabe isifo se-meningococcal kanye ne-meningitis ziyafana?' Yebo, kunomehluko omncane. Isifo se-meningococcal sibangelwa amagciwane athile esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili, i-Neisseria meningitidis . Kodwa-ke, igama elithi 'meningitis' liyigama elijwayelekile lanoma yisiphi isimo esibangela ukuvuvukala kwama-membrane (meninges) azungeze ubuchopho . Ngakho-ke, i-meningitis ingenzeka esifweni se-meningococcal. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke ama-meningitis abangelwa amagciwane abangela isifo se-meningococcal. I-meningitis ingabangelwa namanye amagciwane, amagciwane, kanye nesikhunta, uyakuqonda?

Ubani othinteka kakhulu yisifo se-meningococcal?

Nakuba noma ubani engathola isifo se-meningococcal, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba naso. Ake sibheke ukuthi bangobani:

• Ngokweqembu leminyaka: Izinsana ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala, abantu abadala abasebasha (ikakhulukazi labo abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-16-23 ubudala), kanye nabantu abadala abasebasha. Ingozi iphakeme nakakhulu uma la maqembu eminyaka ebhema intuthu ebhemayo (ukubhema ugwayi noma ukubhema ugwayi) .
• Uhambo lwangaphandle: Kulabo abaya emazweni athile lapho isifo se-meningococcal sivame khona.
• Izimo zezempilo:
• Abantu abangenayo i-spleen noma abane-spleen eyonakele (i-spleen iyisitho esibalulekile ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba).
• Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell.
• Abantu abanobuthakathaka obuthile ohlelweni lwabo lokuzivikela komzimba, ikakhulukazi labo abanezinkinga ngengxenye yohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Complement."
• Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezibizwa ngokuthi ``complement inhibitors`` (isibonelo ``Eculizumab (Soliris®)`` kanye ``Ravulizumab (Ultomiris™)``) zisetshenziselwa izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezingavamile.
• Indlela yokuphila kanye nemvelo:
• Kulabo abahlala ezindaweni lapho abantu abaningi bahlala khona eduze, njengezindawo zokulala zaseyunivesithi kanye nezindawo zamasosha. Cabanga nje, uma kunabantu abaningana ekamelweni elilodwa, amagciwane angasakazeka kalula ngokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula, akunjalo?
• Abantu abachayeke kulesi sifo ngesikhathi sobhubhane.
• Kulabo abasebenza ngaleli gciwane ezindaweni zokucwaninga.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

Emazweni afana ne-United States, inani lamacala alesi sifo liye lehla kancane kancane kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Ngo-2019, kwabikwa amacala angu-371 kuphela lapho. Kodwa-ke, ukuqubuka okuncane kungenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlala eduze. Odokotela eSri Lanka nabo bayayinaka le sifo, ngoba singasakazeka ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu.

Yiziphi izimpawu zesifo se-meningococcal?

Kunezimpawu eziningi zalesi sifo. Uma unanoma yisiphi salezi, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola lesi sifo ngokushesha.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zingaba:

• Ngithola umkhuhlane omkhulu .
• Ngiphethwe yikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu .
• Intamo eqinile . Lolu uphawu oluvamile oluhambisana nesifo se-meningococcal kanye ne-meningitis. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi awukwazi ukugoba intamo yakho phambili, futhi kungaba buhlungu uma uzama ukufaka isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
• Kuba nzima ukubheka ukukhanya okukhanyayo , futhi amehlo abonakala ephenduka aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "i-Photophobia".
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza kanye/noma ukucasuka kwesisu kanye nohudo kungase kwenzeke.
• Kuvela ukuqhuma esikhumbeni okufana namachashazi amancane abomvu noma ansomi . Lokhu akupheli lapho kufakwa ingcindezi (ukuqhuma okungashisi). Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungaba kukhulu futhi kubukeke njengemivimbo. Lokhu kuyimpawu eqondile kakhulu futhi eyingozi.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izici zingabonakala futhi:

• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Ukuzizwa udidekile noma ucasukile.
• Ngihlala ngizizwa ngilele futhi kunzima ukuvuka.
• Ubuhlungu emisipheni nasemalungeni.
• Kukhona umsindo ofana nokukhonkotha, ukububula.
• Kuba nzima ukuhamba noma ukuma uqonde.

Izinsana ezincane zingabonisa lezi zimpawu ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo:

• Abafuni ukuphuza ubisi futhi bayahlanza.
• Umzimba uyaqhaqhazela noma uyaxega.
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile, ukuzama ukulala njalo, kunzima ukuvuka.
• Ukukhala ngezwi eliphezulu (ukukhala okuphezulu).
• Indawo ethambile ekhanda (i-fontanelle) ingase ivuvuke futhi iqine.

Yini ebangela isifo se-meningococcal?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, isifo se-meningococcal sibangelwa yibhaktheriya . Siyisifo esithathelwanayo . Sisakazeka kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye ngokusebenzisa uketshezi lokuphefumula (amaconsi okuphefumula) . Kalula nje, leli gciwane lingasakazeka lapho umuntu onesifo ekhwehlela, ethimula, noma esondelana nomuntu onesifo (isibonelo, ukudla esitsheni esifanayo, ukuphuza enkomishini efanayo, ukuqabulana, njll.).

Okubalulekile: Amagciwane abangela isifo se-meningococcal awakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle komzimba. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthi asakazeke ezindaweni ezifana namatafula nezihlalo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukuqaphela izinto ezifana namaduku nezicubu ezisetshenziswe yisiguli.

Isifo se-meningococcal sitholakala kanjani?

Isifo se-meningococcal ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukusithola ngoba izimpawu zaso zingafana nezezinye izifo, njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane . Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe lesi sifo, udokotela udinga ukuthola igciwane i-Neisseria meningitidis.

Ngakho-ke, udokotela uvame ukwenza lokhu:

• Kuthathwa isampula yegazi bese kuhlolwa.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwa ukubhoboza i-lumbar (Spinal Tap) . Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yoketshezi oluzungeze intambo yomgogodla (uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal - CSF) bese kuhlolwa. Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyesabisa kancane, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongweni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungabona ngqo ukuthi akhona yini amabhaktheriya oketshezini.

Lawa masampula athunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze kubonwe ukuthi amagciwane angakhuliswa yini (akhuliswe). Uma amagciwane ekhula, isifo singaqinisekiswa. Uma lokhu kuhlolwa kungacacile, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Isifo se-meningococcal siphathwa kanjani?

Isifo se-meningococcal selashwa ngama -antibiotic . Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unesifo, angase akuqalise ngama-antibiotic ngisho nangaphambi kokuba aqinisekise ukuxilongwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Lawa ma-antibiotic avame ukunikezwa njengama-antibiotic emithanjeni, angakusiza uthole imiphumela ngokushesha.

Ngaphezu kwama-antibiotic, kungase kudingeke ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo kuye ngesimo sesiguli. Isibonelo:

• Uma kunobunzima bokuphefumula, ukwelashwa nge-oxygen kungase kunikezwe , mhlawumbe kuxhunywe nomshini wokuphefumula.
• Uma umfutho wegazi uphansi, nikeza imithi .
• Ukulawula amazinga oketshezi emzimbeni.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, uma isikhumba sonakele futhi izicubu sezifile, kungase kudingeke nokuhlinzwa ukuze kwelashwe.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nesifo se-meningococcal

Lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu . Ngisho noma ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, iziguli eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 kweziyi-100 zizofa . Futhi, cishe ama-20% alabo abalulama kulesi sifo bangaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside . Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukungezwa
• Ukulahlekelwa yizitho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi uma i-septicemia iba yimbi kakhulu.
• Ukulimala kwemizwa
• Ukulimala kwezinso
• Ukulimala kobuchopho kungabangela izimo ezinjengokukhubazeka kokufunda, ukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo, kanye nesifo sokuwa.
• Izibazi zesikhumba.

Kungathatha isikhathi eside ukululama ngokuphelele. Ama-antibiotic avame ukunikezwa izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuthi ululame ngokugcwele, ikakhulukazi uma uba nezinkinga.

Ungayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola isifo se-meningococcal?

Kunezinto eziningana esingazenza ukuze sizivikele kulesi sifo esiyingozi.

1. Thola Ukugonywa

Emazweni afana ne-United States, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemithi yokugomela isifo se-meningococcal. ESri Lanka, ungathola neseluleko sezokwelapha ngalokhu. Kuhle kakhulu kulabo abasemaqenjini asengozini enkulu (isib., izinsana ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala, abantu abadala abasebasha, abantu abahlala ezindlini zokulala, kanye nalabo abanezimo ezithile zempilo) ukukhuluma nodokotela ngale mithi yokugomela. Lo mithi wokugomela ungase ube yimpoqo uma uhambela kwamanye amazwe.

2. Thatha ama-antibiotic okuvimbela uma kudingeka

Uma uthatha imithi efana "nesivimbeli sokwengeza" esikhulume ngaso ekuqaleni, udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic ukuvimbela isifo se-meningococcal ngenkathi uthatha leyo mithi. Le mithi "eyisivimbeli sokwengeza" ivame ukunikezwa ezimweni ezingavamile ezifana nalezi:

• `I-Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome` (Lesi yisifo esihlobene negazi)
• I-Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (futhi isifo segazi)
• I-myasthenia gravis ejwayelekile (lokhu kubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha)

Futhi, uma uhlala nomuntu onesifo se-meningococcal noma oke waxhumana naye eduze (isib., endlini efanayo, ekilasini elifanayo), udokotela wakho angakutshela nokuthi uthathe ama-antibiotic njengendlela yokuvimbela (ama-antibiotic okuvimbela / i-chemoprophylaxis) . Lokhu kwenzelwa ukubulala amabhaktheriya uma esevele esemzimbeni wakho, ukuwavimbela ekutholeni lesi sifo, futhi akuvimbele ekusabalaliseni kwabanye.

3. Zijwayeze ukugwema nokuvimbela ukutheleleka

Ngokuvamile, gwema abantu abagulayo, ikakhulukazi labo abanomkhuhlane noma ukukhwehlela, noma nini lapho kungenzeka . Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi kahle ngensipho namanzi., okungenani imizuzwana engama-20. Sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esisekelwe kotshwala lapho insipho namanzi kungatholakali. Gwema ukuthinta amehlo akho, impumulo, nomlomo ngezandla ezingagezwanga. Mboza umlomo nekhala lakho ngethishu noma ngendololwane yakho uma ukhwehlela noma uthimula. Nakuba lokhu kuyimikhuba yezempilo evamile, kungakusiza futhi ukukuvikela kulezi zifo eziyingozi.

Yini ongayilindela uma ungenwa yisifo se-meningococcal?

Isifo se-meningococcal siyisimo esibi kakhulu . Singabangela i-'Meningococcal Meningitis' noma i-'Meningococcal Septicemia'. Singaba yingozi ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu .

Ama-antibiotic angase aqalwe ngaphambi kokuba udokotela aqinisekise ukuthi unesifo se-meningococcal, njengoba ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kwandisa amathuba okululama ngokugcwele.

Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kungenziwa, ezinye izinkinga zingaba khona. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni unomphela esikhumbeni noma ezithweni zangaphakathi. Noma, kungaholela ezinkingeni zesikhashana, njengobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo.

Okubalulekile, ngokungafani nezinye izifo, isifo se-meningococcal singatholakala izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa empilweni yakho. Ukuba naso kanye akukuniki amandla okuzivikela omzimba impilo yakho yonke. Uma usunaso izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlola amasosha omzimba wakho.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela uma usola ukuthi unesifo se-meningococcal noma unezimpawu?

Uma unezimpawu zesifo se-meningococcal, noma usola ukuthi unaso, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulibala. Lokhu kufanele kuphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi ukusabela okungekuhle ekwelashweni, noma uma uzizwa sengathi izimpawu zakho ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Nakuba ezinye zezimpawu zesifo se-meningococcal, njengomkhuhlane kanye nobuhlungu bomzimba, zingafana nezinye izifo ezingatheni kangako, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokwelapha lesi sifo ngokushesha ngoba singaba sibi kakhulu ngokushesha. Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezinye zalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi intamo eqinile , umkhuhlane, kanye nokuqubuka kwesikhumba , qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Ukugonywa kungenye yezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvimbela lokhu.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba (Umyalezo Ohamba Nawo Ekhaya)

Kulungile, manje usuqonda kangcono lokho ebesikhuluma ngakho, isifo se-meningococcal. Khumbula:

• Isifo se-meningococcal sisifo esibi kakhulu, esisakazeka ngokushesha esibangelwa amagciwane .
• Umkhuhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, intamo eqinile , kanye namabala abomvu/onsomi esikhumbeni (ikakhulukazi amabala angaphenduki abe mhlophe uma ecindezelwe) yizimpawu eziyisixwayiso eziyinhloko. Uma uzibona lezi , funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha .Isikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic kubalulekile ekusindiseni izimpilo kanye nokunciphisa izinkinga zesikhathi eside.
• Ukugoma kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi sifo, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasemaqenjini asengozini enkulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.
• Ukuhlanzeka komuntu siqu (ukugeza izandla njalo, ukumboza umlomo wakho uma ukhwehlela/uthimula) kanye nokugwema abantu abagulayo nakho kubalulekile.
• Kunokuba wesabe lesi sifo, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuba nolwazi olufanele futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo . Uma wena noma othile emndenini wakho enemibuzo ngalokhu, ungalokothi unqikaze ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Isifo se - Meningococcal, Isifo se-Meningococcal, Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane, I-Meningitis, Izimpawu, Umuthi Wokugoma, Ama-Antibiotic, i-Neisseria meningitidis