Wake waba nesilonda noma ithumba endaweni ethile emzimbeni wakho elingapholi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa? Ngezinye izikhathi sicabanga ukuthi, "O, kumane kuyithumba elincane." Kodwa amanye amanxeba kanye nokutheleleka akuphili ngisho nangama-antibiotic avamile. Kulezo zimo, imbangela ingaba "yi-superbug" eyingozi kakhulu kunegciwane elivamile futhi elingabanjwa kalula yimithi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngegciwane elilodwa elisibangele ukukhathazeka okukhulu ezweni lezokwelapha. Lelo yi-MRSA.
Kalula nje, iyini i-MRSA?
Igama elithi MRSA lingase lizwakale liyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Igama lalo eliphelele yi- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Masikwenze kube lula.
- I-Staphylococcus aureus: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamagciwane ahlala esikhumbeni sethu, ngaphakathi kwamakhala ethu, nakwezinye izindawo. Silibiza ngokuthi "i-Staph" bacteria ngamafuphi. Ngokuvamile, uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni wethu, lingangena ngenxeba elincane noma lisike bese libangela ithumba elincane noma ithumba. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungelapheka kalula ngama-antibiotic avamile.
- Imelana ne-Methicillin: Nansi inkinga. I-'Methicillin' iyi-antibiotic esetshenziswa kakhulu engowomndeni we-'Penicillin'. I-'Resistant' isho 'resistant'. Okusho ukuthi, lolu hlobo oluthile lwebhaktheriya i-Staph ebizwa ngokuthi i-MRSA luthuthukise ikhono lokumelana nama-antibiotic amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-'Methicillin.
Kalula nje, i-MRSA uhlobo lwebhaktheriya i-Staph elinamandla "okulwa nokunqoba" ama-antibiotic avamile. Kufana nokulwa nesitha nokwakha izikhali ezikhethekile zokuzivikela ezikhalini zaso. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA, njengoba kunemithi embalwa kakhulu esebenza ngokumelene nakho.
I-MRSA iyilungu elikhethekile lomndeni wamagciwane e-Staph oye waba namandla amakhulu okumelana nama-antibiotic.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwe-MRSA:
Ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni okungadluliselwa ngayo kithi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqonda.
1. I-MRSA Etholakale Ngezempilo (HA-MRSA): Njengoba igama lisho, lolu hlobo lusakazeka ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo njengezibhedlela, imitholampilo, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zabantu abadala. Abantu asebehlale esibhedlela isikhathi eside, asebehlinzwe, noma abafakwe umugqa womjovo emizimbeni yabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola lolu hlobo. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-antibiotic avame ukusetshenziswa ezibhedlela, amabhaktheriya lapho anamathuba amaningi okukhula ukumelana nawo.
2.I-MRSA Etholakale Emphakathini (CA-MRSA): Lolu uhlobo okufanele sikhathazeke kakhulu ngalo. Alusatshalaliswa esibhedlela, kodwa luvela emphakathini wethu jikelele. Lungasakazeka ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezikole, izindawo zemidlalo (amajimu, izindawo zokudlala), izisekelo zempi, ezikoleni zokuhlala. Ngisho nomuntu ophile kahle ngokuvamile angaluthola.
Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-MRSA?
Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-MRSA zincike ekutheni kuthinteke kuphi emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungase kubonakale njengokutheleleka okuvamile, kodwa kungaba kubi ngokushesha.
| Indawo yokutheleleka | Izimpawu ongase uzibone |
|---|---|
| Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba nezicubu ezithambile | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi luqala njengeqhubu elibomvu, elivuvukele, elibuhlungu , njengokulunywa yizicabucabu . Lukhula kancane kancane lube yithumba eligcwele ubomvu. Isikhumba esizungezile singase sibe bomvu futhi sizizwe sishisa uma usithinta. |
| Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu (i-pneumonia) | Ukukhwehlela okukhulu, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, umkhuhlane omkhulu, kanye nokukhathala. |
| Ukusabalala kokutheleleka egazini (i-Bacteremia) | Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu. Njengoba amagciwane engena egazini, izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, ukubanda, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, kanye nomfutho wegazi ophansi zingavela. |
| Ukutheleleka kwamathambo namalunga (i-Osteomyelitis) | Ithambo noma ilunga elithelelekile lizozwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokubomvu, okwenza kube nzima ukuhambisa indawo ethintekile. |
| Ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo (i-Endocarditis) | Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane kolwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwenhliziyo. Kungabangela umkhuhlane, ubuthakathaka, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nemisindo yenhliziyo engavamile (ukububula). |
I-MRSA idluliselwa kanjani?
I-MRSA iyisifo esithathelwanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingasakazeka isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Abanye abantu banebhaktheriya ye-MRSA emizimbeni yabo (isibonelo, ngaphakathi kwamakhala abo) kodwa ababonisi zimpawu. Sibabiza ngokuthi "abathwali abaphethwe yikoloni." Ngisho noma bengenazo izimpawu, basengasakazela abanye amagciwane.
Nazi ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko i-MRSA edluliselwa ngazo:
- Ukuthintana ngqo: Ngokuthinta isilonda noma isikhumba somuntu onesifo.
- Ukuthinta izindawo ezingcolisiwe: Amabhaktheriya e-MRSA angaphila ezindaweni ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, amatafula, kanye namashidi okulala amasonto amaningi. Ungangenwa yileli gciwane uma uthinta indawo enjalo bese uthinta ikhala noma umlomo wakho ngesandla esifanayo.
- Ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu: Ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana namathawula, izinsingo, izingubo, kanye nemishini yezemidlalo nomuntu onegciwane kungasakaza kalula ukutheleleka. Cabanga ngeqembu le-rugby lihlanganyela amathawula, futhi uma umuntu oyedwa enawo, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi nabanye bazotheleleka.
- Imishini yezokwelapha engcolile: Ukutheleleka kungenzeka ngemishini engahlanzwanga kahle noma amadivayisi afakwe (isb., umugqa ophakathi wemithambo yegazi, ipayipi lokuphefumula) ezibhedlela.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-MRSA?
Nakuba noma ubani engathola i-MRSA, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
| Iqembu lezingozi | Isizathu |
|---|---|
| Abantu abathola ukwelashwa esibhedlela | Abantu asebehlale esibhedlela isikhathi eside, labo asebehlinzwe, kanye nalabo abanamadivayisi anjengezimbobo ezifakwe emizimbeni yabo basengozini enkulu. |
| Abantu abanamandla okuzivikela omzimba abuthakathaka | Abantu abanezimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso, i-HIV, noma umdlavuza bangatheleleka kalula ngenxa yobuthakathaka bamasosha omzimba. |
| Abantu abahlala ndawonye ngamaqembu | Ingozi iphakeme ezindaweni ezifana nezindawo zamasosha, izindawo zokulala kanye namajele ngoba abantu bahlala eduze komunye nomunye futhi kunethuba elikhulu lokwabelana ngezinto zabo siqu. |
| Abantu abahlanganyela emidlalweni yokuxhumana | Emidlalweni efana ne-rugby kanye ne-wrestling, ingozi yokutheleleka iphezulu ngenxa yokuxhumana kwesikhumba, ukuklwebheka, kanye nokwabelana ngemishini. |
| Abantu abafaka izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni | Kukhona ingozi enkulu yokutheleleka okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa njalo noma ukwabelana ngezinaliti ezifanayo zomjovo. |
Odokotela bakuthola kanjani futhi bakwelaphe kanjani ukutheleleka kwe-MRSA?
Uma usola ukuthi unesifo se-MRSA, udokotela uzothatha isampula endaweni ethelelekile ayithumele elebhu ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kungaba isampula yobomvu obuvela enxebeni, isampula yegazi, isampula yomchamo, noma isampula ye-phlegm.
Ilabhorethri izokhulisa amabhaktheriya kulesi sampula bese iyihlola "Isiko." Ngemuva kwalokho, izothola ukuthi yimaphi ama-antibiotic asebenza kulawo mabhaktheriya nokuthi yimaphi angasebenzi (Ukuhlolwa Kokungenwa Kwama-Antibiotic). Kuphela ngemva kwalokhu kuhlolwa lapho kuqinisekiswa khona ukuthi yi-MRSA futhi kukhethwa umuthi ofanele kakhulu.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwe-MRSA kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nobukhali bokutheleleka.
- Ngezifo zesikhumba: Ngokuvamile, uma kukhona ithumba eligcwele ubomvu, liyasikwa bese ubomvu bususwa (Ukusikwa Nokugeleza Kwamanzi). Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kukodwa kungalawula ukutheleleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungadingeka usebenzise amaphilisi noma amafutha okugcoba anqunywe udokotela wakho ngama-antibiotic.
- Uma ukutheleleka kusabalele egazini, emaphashini, noma kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi, kungadingeka ukuthi ulaliswe esibhedlela futhi unikezwe ama-antibiotic e-intravenous (IV) . Lena imithi enamandla kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukuthi unikezwe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa zama-antibiotic ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungayeki ukuthatha imithi yokubulala amagciwane enqunywe udokotela wakho nganoma yisiphi isizathu.Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngoba uzizwa ungcono kancane, amabhaktheriya amabi kakhulu asele angakhula futhi abe ukumelana nomuthi.
Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sihlale siphephile ku-MRSA?
Nakuba i-MRSA iyigciwane eliyingozi, singenza okuningi ukuze sizivikele kulo ngokugcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu enhle.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 . Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho ngemva kokuphuma, ngaphambi kokudla, nangemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Sebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala uma amanzi engekho.
- Gcina amanxeba emboziwe: Njalo gcina noma yikuphi ukuklwebheka noma ukusikeka emzimbeni wakho kuhlanzekile bese ukumboza ngebhandeji elihlanzekile. Njalo geza izandla zakho ngemva kokuthinta inxeba.
- Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu: Ungabelani ngezinto ezifana namathawula, izinsingo, izingubo, kanye nezinsipho nabanye. Qaphela lokhu ikakhulukazi ejimini nasemaholidini.
- Hlanza izindawo ezivame ukuthintwa, njengezibambo zomnyango, izibani, ocingweni, kanye nemishini yezemidlalo, ngesisombululo sokubulala amagciwane.
- Geza ngemva kokuzivocavoca: Geza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuzivocavoca ejimini noma ukudlala imidlalo.
Kunini lapho kufanele ubonane nodokotela? Kunini lapho kufanele uye khona ku-ETU?
Akuzona zonke izilonda zesikhumba eziyi-MRSA, kodwa kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele sizikhathalele kakhulu.
Uma unenxeba noma ithumba elingeke liphole, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo esehlisa amasosha omzimba wakho, njengesifo sikashukela, ungasinaki. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wakho.
Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) ngokushesha uma unezimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu: Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kuka-40°C (103°F).
- Inxeba libi kakhulu: Uma inxeba libangela ubuhlungu obukhulu, linephunga elibi, noma likhipha uketshezi oluluhlaza, oluphuzi, noma olunsundu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula kanye nobuhlungu besifuba.
- Ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuzumayo: Uma uzizwa uphelelwa amandla, unesizungu, noma uphelelwa amandla.
- Ukudideka: Uma uzizwa unesiyezi.
Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuthi ukutheleleka sekusabalele emzimbeni wonke futhi kuqhubekela esimweni esiyingozi kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis . Ngakho-ke, akuwona umqondo omuhle ukulibala ngesikhathi esinjengalesi.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-MRSA iyigciwane eliyingozi kakhulu elingamelana nama-antibiotic avamile. Kodwa-ke, lingelapheka ngokwelashwa okufanele .
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulokhu ukuzijwayeza inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu . Zijwayeze ukugeza izandla zakho ngensipho njalo.
- Hlala ugcina amanxeba nezibazi emzimbeni wakho zihlanzekile futhi zimboziwe .
- Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu ezifana namathawula nezinsingo nabanye .
- Uma uneqhubu elibomvu, elibuhlungu, elingapholi noma ukuvuvukala esikhumbeni sakho, ungalishayi indiva bese ubona udokotela ngokushesha .
- Qedela yonke inkambo yama-antibiotics anikezwe udokotela wakho. Ungayeki phakathi nendawo.
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