Ucabanga ukuthi ikhanda lengane yakho lincane kancane? Ake sixoxe nge-'Microcephaly'

Uma umama noma ubaba ebheka umntwana osanda kuzalwa, injabulo efika ezinhliziyweni zabo ayinakuvezwa ngamazwi, akunjalo? Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sihlola ngokucophelela ukuze sibone ukuthi konke kulungile yini ngomntwana. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikhanda lomntwana lingase libonakale lincane uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma ubona lokhu. Odokotela bakubiza ngokuthi 'i-Microcephaly'. Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane eyengeziwe namuhla, nangendlela ekhululekile.

Ngakho-ke, iyini le 'microcephaly'?

Kalula nje, i-microcephaly yilapho ikhanda lengane yakho lincane kunalokho obekulindelwe ngokweminyaka yayo nobukhulu bomzimba wayo. Uyazi ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bengane buthatha isikhathi eside ukukhula noma lapho ubuchopho bungakhuli ngokuphelele. Ubuwazi ukuthi ubukhulu bekhanda lengane bunqunywa ubukhulu bobuchopho bayo? Lokhu kukhula kobuchopho kwenzeka ngesikhathi ingane isesibelethweni kanye nasebuntwaneni bokuqala ngemva kokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona okuphazamisa ukukhula kobuchopho phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ikhanda lingaba lincane.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-microcephaly?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

1. I-Microcephaly Eyinhloko noma Ezalwe Nayo: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ikhanda lomntwana lincane ngesikhathi ezalwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungase kube ngenxa yenkinga eyenzeka ngesikhathi umntwana esesesibelethweni sikanina.

2. I-Microcephaly Yesibili noma Etholakale: Kulesi simo, noma ngabe ingane inekhanda elijwayelekile lapho izalwa, ukukhula kwekhanda kuyaphazamiseka njengoba ingane ikhula futhi lesi simo sikhula.

Ingabe lesi simo sivame kangakanani? Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke?

I-Microcephaly empeleni iyisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ngisho nasezweni elifana neMelika, ithinta phakathi kwengane eyodwa kwezingu-800 nezingu-5,000. Ngakho-ke, akuvamile kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inalesi simo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungesabi futhi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-'Microcephaly'? Sizibona kanjani?

Uphawu oluyinhloko, njengoba igama lisho, ikhanda elincane. Ngoba, njengoba sesixoxile ngaphambili, ubukhulu bekhanda bunqunywa ubukhulu bobuchopho.

Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphezu kwalokhu kucindezelwa kwekhanda, ukukhubazeka ekukhuleni kobuchopho kungathinta nokusebenza kobuchopho bomntwana. Ngemuva kwalokho, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu. Ubunzima balezi zimpawu bungahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile yilezi:

• Ukuquleka: Ukuquleka okungazelelwe kanye nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.
• Izinkinga zokukhula kwengqondo: Ikhono lokuqonda nokufunda lingancipha.
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula:Izinto ezifana nokuqala ukukhuluma, ukuma nokuhamba zingase zifike sekwephuzile kunezinye izingane.
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela komzimba, ukunyakaza, kanye nokuxhumana: njengokungakwazi ukugcina ibhalansi ngenkathi uhamba noma ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa izitho kahle.
• Ubunzima bokuncelisa noma ukugwinya: Ingane ingaba nobunzima bokuncela nokugwinya ukudla.
• Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa noma kokubona: Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezinkinga zokubona noma zokuzwa.

Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi zize zisongele impilo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingane zingase zingabi nazimpawu ngaphandle kwekhanda eliphukile. Ngakho-ke, indlela lokhu okuthinta ngayo umuntu ngamunye ihlukile.

I-microcephaly iyithinta kanjani intuthuko yomzimba yengane yami?

Njengoba ingane yakho ikhula, ubuso bayo buyaqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa ugebhezi alubi lukhulu kangako. Lokhu kungenza ubuso bomntwana bubukeke bukhulu uma buqhathaniswa nobukhulu bekhanda lakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungase uqaphele okulandelayo:

• Ibunzi elibuyela emuva.
• Isikhumba sekhanda esixegayo nesishwabene.
• Isisindo esingaphansi kwesilinganiso esilindelekile ngokweminyaka yabo.

Kungani kwenzeka lokhu 'kwe-microcephaly'? Ziyini izimbangela?

Imbangela eyinhloko ye-microcephaly ukwehla kokukhula kobuchopho noma izinguquko endleleni ubuchopho bengane obukhula ngayo. Ake sibheke ezinye izimbangela ezithile:

• Ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo noma izimo zofuzo ezizuzwe njengefa: Lokhu kungahlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana ne-Down syndrome, isibonelo.
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo noma i-anoxia yobuchopho: Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwasekuqaleni kwe-skull sutures (craniosynostosis): Ngokuvamile, kunezikhala ezincane (i-sutures) phakathi kwamathambo e-skull yengane ukuvumela ubuchopho ukuba bukhule. Uma le skull ivala ngokushesha kakhulu, ngeke kube nendawo enkulu yokukhula kobuchopho.
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane: Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yigciwane umama azithola ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, isibonelo, i-rubella, i-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus, kanye negciwane i-Zika, zingathinta ingane.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukuhlukumezeka.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-microcephaly?

Ngesikhathi umntwana esakhula esibelethweni, ingozi yokuthola i-microcephaly inganda uma umntwana evezwa kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala noma izidakamizwa kukamama (isifo sokusetshenziswa kotshwala noma isifo sokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa).
• Ubuthi be-Mercury noma i-lead.
• Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa.
• Ukungondleki kahle kukamama.
• Izinkinga zezifo ze-metabolic ezifana ne-phenylketonuria.
• Izifo ezithile ezenzeka kumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yingakho umama kufanele anakekele impilo yakhe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Yiziphi izinkinga ze-microcephaly?

Uma izimpawu ze-microcephaly zinkulu, zingasongela impilo. Kunzima ukusho ngqo ukuthi ukukhula okungavamile kobuchopho bengane kuzomthinta kanjani impilo yakhe yonke. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kanye nokuqapha impilo yonke kungadingeka ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga.

Odokotela basithola kanjani lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-microcephaly'?

Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simo singatholakala ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, ngesikhathi esesesibelethweni sikanina, nge -ultrasound yokukhulelwa . Lolu hlobo lokuxilongwa luvame ukwenzeka ekupheleni kwekota yesibili noma yesithathu yokukhulelwa.

Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo sitholakala zingakapheli amahora angama-24 kusukela ekuzalweni. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzolinganisa umjikelezo wekhanda lomntwana ngetheyipu yokulinganisa. Bese, bazoqhathanisa leso silinganiso nosayizi wekhanda ojwayelekile wezinye izingane zaleyo minyaka, isisindo, nokuphakama.

Uma ingane yakho ine-microcephaly eqala kamuva, udokotela cishe uzoyixilonga isencane, lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala. Ngisho nalapho, udokotela uzolinganisa umjikelezo wekhanda lengane. Udokotela angase akubuze nokuthi ingane yakho ihlangabezana kanjani nezigaba zokukhula (njengokukhasa, ukuhamba) ezifanele iminyaka yayo.

Iyini le percentile yokujikeleza kwekhanda?

I-'percentile' yinombolo esikalini kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-100. Ibonisa lapho umuntu eqhathaniswa khona nabanye. Le percentile isiza odokotela ukuxilonga izifo ezithile. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-'microcephaly', umjikelezo wekhanda lomntwana wakho kumele ube ku-percentile yesi-3 noma ngaphansi. Umjikelezo wekhanda ku-percentile yesi-3 usho ukuthi ngaphansi kuka-3% wabo bonke abantwana banekhanda elincane kunesilinganiso, kanti abangaphezu kuka-97% banekhanda elikhulu kunesilinganiso. Kalula nje, ezinganeni eziyi-100 zaleyo minyaka, ikhanda lomntwana wakho liphakathi kwezi-3 ezincane kakhulu.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ukuxilonga i-microcephaly?

Uma udokotela wengane yakho esola ukuthi i-microcephaly inesifo, uzolinganisa umjikelezo wekhanda lengane yakho futhi angenza ezinye izivivinyo ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lesi sifo. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe:I-ultrasound yekhanda noma i-MRI yobuchopho ingabheka ingaphakathi lobuchopho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo zengane noma ukuthi kukhona yini izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo.

Lesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Microcephaly' selashwa kanjani? Ingabe singelapheka?

Uma ngikhuluma iqiniso, okwamanje alikho ikhambi le-microcephaly. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ekuphatheni izimpawu zalesi simo futhi zisize ingane yakho iphile impilo engcono kakhulu. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha kulindeleke ukuthi:

• Ukwelapha ezinye izimo zempilo eziyisisekelo, uma zikhona.
• Ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokukhula ezisiza ingane ukuthi ifinyelele izigaba ezibalulekile zomzimba nezokufunda ezihambisana nobudala bayo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izinhlelo zemfundo ekhethekile, izindlela zokufunda ezisekelwe ekudlaleni, nokuningi.
• Ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa kwenkulumo, ukwelashwa komsebenzi, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kungakusiza ukuthi ukhulume, wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke, futhi wakhe amandla.
• Izinhlelo zokusekela imfundo ezikhethekile esikoleni.
• Uma kukhona ukuxhuzula, nikeza imithi edingekayo.

Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Ngaphambi kokuba ingane yakho iqale noma yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa okusha, ikakhulukazi umuthi omusha, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi yini okudingeka uyiqaphele.

Yini okufanele ngiyilindele uma ingane yami ine-microcephaly?

Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuhlala njalo kwe-microcephaly, manje sesiyazi ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ingane ukuba iphile ngempumelelo nezimpawu zayo. Kuphela lapho ingane ikhula futhi ikhula lapho odokotela bengaqonda ngokugcwele umthelela walesi simo. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bazoqapha ingane njalo kusukela ebuntwaneni nasebuntwaneni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ayibangeli ezinye izinkinga.

Ithimba lezokwelapha elinakekela ingane yakho livame ukufaka odokotela bezingane, odokotela bezinzwa, kanye nabelaphi abahlukahlukene. Bazokunikeza ukwelashwa, imfundo, kanye nesiqondiso esidingekayo ukuthuthukisa impilo nenhlalakahle yengane yakho. Awuwedwa, futhi baningi abantu abangakusiza.

Ingakanani iminyaka yokuphila yengane ene-microcephaly?

Lokhu kuncike kakhulu ebunzimeni besimo. Kwezinye izimo, uma ingane ingenazo izinkinga ezinkulu, ingaphila isikhathi esijwayelekile sokuphila.Kodwa-ke, uma lesi simo sibi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sithinte kakhulu ukusebenza kobuchopho bengane, isikhathi sokuphila singancipha.

Ingabe i-Microcephaly ingavinjelwa?

Nakuba singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye zezimbangela, ukuzinakekela kahle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuba ingane yakho ibe ne-microcephaly. Lokhu okulandelayo kungasiza:

• Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco. Imifino eluhlaza, imifino, izithelo, nokudla okunomsoco kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Phatha ezinye izimo zempilo onazo (isib. isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme).
• Ukugwema ngokuphelele amakhemikhali anobuthi noma izinto ezinjengotshwala nezidakamizwa.
• Ukuya njalo ekuhlolweni phakathi nokukhulelwa kanye nokuqapha ukukhula komntwana esibelethweni.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakwenza ukuze uhlale uphilile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Bazokunikeza iseluleko esingcono kakhulu.

Kufanele ngiyise nini ingane yami kudokotela?

Uma ingane yakho ibhekene nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela:

• Uma ingane yakho ingahlangabezani nezigaba zokukhula ezifanele iminyaka yayo (isib., ukungaphakamisi ikhanda layo ngesikhathi, ukungamomotheki, ukungakhasa).
• Uma engaphenduli egameni lakhe noma umyalo olula.
• Uma ukuthola kunzima ukudla noma ukugwinya ukudla.
• Uma amehlo akho engakulandeli noma into ehambayo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane yakho inesifo sokuwa, yiyise ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha noma ushayele u-1990.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho ine-microcephaly, ungase ube nemibuzo eminingi. Unganqikazi ukubuza udokotela izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ingabe ingane yami ine-microcephaly enzima?
• Lesi simo sizoyithinta kanjani intuthuko yengane yami?
• Ingabe kufanele ngibhalise ingane yami ezinhlelweni zemfundo ekhethekile ukuze imsize ifunde?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yemithi oyinikezayo?
• Yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga okufanele ngiziqaphele?

I-Microcephaly yisimo lapho ikhanda lomntwana lincane kunokulindelekile. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile uma ufunda into efana nale. Kodwa khumbula, ithimba lezokwelapha lomntwana wakho lizoqapha ukukhula komntwana wakho futhi linikeze izinsizakalo ezidingekayo ukuze limsize. Uma ubona ukuthi ingane yakho yephuzile ukufinyelela izigaba zobudala bayo, njengokuhamba noma ukusho amazwi ayo okuqala, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungaba usizo olukhulu njengoba ingane yakho ikhula.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya Ovela Kulokho Ebesikhuluma Ngakho

Kulungile, ngakho-ke, kulokho esikhulume ngakho lapha mayelana 'neMicrocephaly', ake sifingqe amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele siwakhumbule:

• I-Microcephaly akuyona into okufanele uyesabe, kodwa iyisimo okufanele sikhathazeke ngaso: Yebo, ihlobene nokukhula kobuchopho bomntwana. Kodwa-ke, ayithinti zonke izingane ngendlela efanayo.
• Kungaba nezizathu eziningi: izici zofuzo, izifo umama anazo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile: Lokhu kungatholakala ekuzalweni noma ngokusebenzisa amaskeni okukhulelwa. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinyathelo ezidingekayo zingathathwa ngokushesha.
• Akukho ukwelashwa, kodwa kukhona usizo: Nakuba kungekho ukwelashwa okuphelele, kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha, izindlela zokwelapha, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela ezingasiza ingane ukuba iphile impilo enhle. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungcono kakhulu.
• Impilo kamama ibaluleke kakhulu: Ingozi yokuthola lezi zimo ingancishiswa ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi umama uphilile kahle, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, nokulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
• Awuwedwa: Odokotela, abelaphi, nomndeni bakhona ukukusiza wena nomntwana wakho. Ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo nokucela usizo.

Ngakho-ke, uma unokungabaza ngomntwana wakho, ungazibambi futhi ukhathazeke, kodwa bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Yilokho okungcono kakhulu ongakwenza.

I- Microcephaly, ikhanda elincane, ukukhula kobuchopho bezingane, ukubambezeleka kokukhula, izifo zofuzo, impilo yokukhulelwa, impilo yengane