Uma sicabanga ngokuhlinzwa, iningi lethu licabanga ngezinto ezesabekayo njengokusikwa okukhulu, izinsuku ezimbalwa esibhedlela, kanye nobuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside, akunjalo? Kodwa manje, isayensi yezokwelapha isithuthuke kakhulu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngenqubo yokuhlinzwa emangalisayo kakhulu eyenziwa ngaphandle kwalezo zisikwe ezinkulu, kodwa kuphela ngembobo encane kakhulu. Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Minimally Invasive Surgery, noma i-MIS njengoba kuvame ukubizwa phakathi kodokotela.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukuhlinzwa okuncane okungavamile (i-MIS)?
Kungumqondo olula kakhulu. Cabanga nje uma ubuhlinzwa ngendlela evamile, udokotela bekuzodingeka enze ukusika okukhulu, mhlawumbe amasentimitha ambalwa ubude, ukuze afike endaweni lapho kwenziwa khona ukuhlinzwa. Kodwa nge-MIS, odokotela abahlinzayo benza ukusikeka okuncane esikhumbeni nasezicutshini zakho ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokho kusho ukuthi esikhundleni sokwenza ukusika okukodwa okukhulu, benza ukusika okukodwa noma ngaphezulu okufana nembobo yokhiye .
Ngalezi zimbobo ezincane, kufakwa ipayipi elincane elinekhamera enamathiselwe (lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi i-endoscope) kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlinza ezinde nezincane eziklanywe ngokukhethekile. Ngenxa yokuthi izithombe ezivela kukhamera ziboniswa esikrinini esikhulu (imonitha), udokotela angabona ngaphakathi emzimbeni ngokucacile futhi enze ukuhlinzwa ngokunembe kakhulu. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ubuhlungu bakho, izinkinga, kanye nesikhathi sokululama.
Yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko zokwenza lokhu kuhlinzwa?
Kunezindlela eziningana ezahlukene ngaphakathi kobuchwepheshe be-MIS. Lezi zindlela zikhethwa ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lokuhlinzwa kanye nengxenye yomzimba ephathwayo.
1. Ukuhlinzwa Kwembobo Ekhiye
Lena yindlela ethandwa kakhulu. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuhlinzwa kwenziwa ngokwenza izimbobo eziningana ezincane, kufaka ikhamera (i-'endoscope') ngeyodwa, kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlinza ngezinye.
- Ekuhlinzweni kwesisu, le khamera ibizwa ngokuthi i-laparoscope . Sibiza lokho kuhlinzwa ngokuthi i-laparoscopic surgery .
- I-thoracoscope ikhamera esetshenziswa ekuhlinzeni okubandakanya umgodi wesifuba.
- I- arthroscope isetshenziswa ukubheka ngaphakathi kwamalunga njengedolo nehlombe.
2. Ukuhlinzwa Kwerobhothi
Lesi esinye isigaba esithuthukile sobuchwepheshe be-MIS. Lapha, esikhundleni sokulawula ngqo imishini ngesandla, udokotela ohlinzayo uhlala ku-console yekhompyutha futhi ulawula izingalo zerobhothi . Lezi zingalo zerobhothi zifakwa ngokusika okuncane. Le ndlela ivumela ukuhlinzwa okubucayi kakhulu, okuncane ngokunemba okuphezulu. Uhlelo Lokuhlinzwa lwe-Da Vinci oludumile lungenye yezinhlelo zerobhothi ezinjalo.
3. Ukuhlinzwa Kwemithambo Yegazi
Lena indlela exakile kakhulu. Okwenziwa lapha ukwenza imbobo encane kakhulu ngenaliti, bese kufakwa ipayipi elincane (i-catheter) ngalo emthanjeni wegazi. Bese, kudluliswa izinto ezidingekayo kulelo payipi, bese kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okufana nokufaka i-stent enhliziyweni, njenge-"stenting", kanye ne-"angioplasty". Ngezinye izikhathi, ukusikwa akudingeki lapha.
4. Ukuhlinzwa Kwemvelo Kwe-Orifice
Ngale ndlela, akukho ukuhlikihla okwenziwa noma kuphi emzimbeni wakho. Esikhundleni salokho, kufakwa i-endoscope ngezimbobo zemvelo emzimbeni, njengomlomo nekhala, futhi kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okufana nokususa izimila esiswini kanye nomphimbo.
Yikuphi ukuhlinzwa okuvamile okwenziwa kusetshenziswa indlela ye-MIS?
Namuhla, kwenziwa ukuhlinzwa okuningi okumangalisayo kusetshenziswa le ndlela ye-MIS. Ithebula elingezansi lizokunikeza umbono omuhle ngayo.
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Izibonelo |
|---|---|
| Isisu (i-Laparoscopic) | Ukususwa kwenyongo `(cholecystectomy)`, ukususwa kwe-appendectomy `(appendectomy)`, ukulungiswa kwe-hernia `(ukulungiswa kwe-hernia)`. |
| I-Urological | Ukususwa kwezinso `(ukususwa kwe-nephr)`, ukususwa kwe-prostate `(ukususwa kwe-prostate)`. |
| Umgogodla | Ukuhlanganiswa komgogodla, ukususwa kwezimila zomgogodla. |
| Okuhlobene nenhliziyo | Ukulungiswa kwamavalvu enhliziyo (ukulungiswa kwamavalvu e-mitral), ukuvala izimbobo enhliziyweni (ukulungiswa kwe-atrial septal defect). |
| I-Arthroscopy | Ukulungiswa kokulimala ehlombe, edolweni noma enqulwini. |
| Ukwehlisa isisindo (i-Bariatric) | Ukuhlinzwa kwe-gastric sleeve kanye ne-gastric bypass. |
Ubani ofanele lolu hlinzwa? Ingabe wonke umuntu angaluthola?
Ezimweni eziningi, le ndlela ye-MIS iphephile kunokuhlinzwa okuvulekile kwendabuko. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nabantu abangakwazi ukubekezelela ukusikwa okukhulu noma abanezinye izimo zezokwelapha bangahlinzwa besebenzisa le ndlela.
Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi kuwo wonke umuntu. Udokotela wakho ohlinzayo uzonquma ukuthi le ndlela ikufanele yini ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela isimo sakho sempilo.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Le ndlela ingase ingasetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona ukuhlinzwa ngokushesha, njengomuntu ongeniswe kwi-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngemuva kwengozi, ngoba idinga ukulungiselela okuthile.
- Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwe-laparoscopic, igesi ye-carbon dioxide ifakwa esiswini ukuze kusizwe ekubonweni kwezitho zomzimba. Lokhu kungaba yingozi kubantu abanezinkinga ezithile zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu .
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuhlinzwa, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngale nqubo bese ucela iseluleko sakhe.
Yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwalokhu kuhlinzwa?
Njenganoma yini, le ndlela inezinzuzo zayo kanye nokungalungi okuthile.
Izinzuzo
- Umonakalo (ukuhlukumezeka) emzimbeni uphansi kakhulu.
- Kuncane kakhulu ukopha ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
- Ingozi yezinkinga iphansi kunangesikhathi sokuhlinzwa okuvulekile.
- Ngenxa yokuthi imivimbo mincane kakhulu, izibazi ngemva kokuphola zincane kakhulu noma azikho nhlobo.
- Inani lezinsuku ohlala esibhedlela lifushane. Ungaya ekhaya ngalo lolo suku ngemva kokuhlinzwa okuthile.
- Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa sifushane kakhulu. Nakuba ukusikeka okukhulu kungathatha izinyanga ukuphola, lokhu kusikeka okuncane kuyaphola emavikini ambalwa nje.
- Ngenxa yokuthi ubuhlungu buncane, isidingo semithi yokubulala izinhlungu sincane.
Ukungalungi
- Lokhu kudinga odokotela abahlinzayo abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile kanye nemishini ekhethekile nebizayo .
- Lesi sikhungo kungenzeka singatholakali kuzo zonke izibhedlela .
- Ukuhlinzwa kungathatha isikhathi eside kunokuhlinzwa okuvamile.
- Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ayifaneleki ngaso sonke isikhathi ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
- Kwabanye abantu (ikakhulukazi labo abanesifo senhliziyo/amaphaphu), ukusebenzisa igesi ekuhlinzeni kungaba yingozi ethile.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuhlinzwa Okuncane Okungavamile (i-MIS) kuyindlela yesimanje yokuhlinzwa esebenzisa ukusikwa okuncane, njengemigodi yokhiye, esikhundleni sokusikwa okukhulu.
- Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ubuhlungu obuncane, ukululama okusheshayo, isikhathi esincane esichithwa esibhedlela, kanye nezibazi ezincane.
- Izindlela ezahlukene ze-MIS, njenge-laparoscopy kanye nokuhlinzwa kwerobhothi, zisetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla.
- Le ndlela ayifaneleki kuzo zonke iziguli noma kuzo zonke izimo.
- Uma udinga ukuhlinzwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi indlela ye-MIS ikulungele yini wena kanye nezinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwayo bese wenza isinqumo esicacile.
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