Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa uphelelwa umoya, ukuphefumula, noma ukuqina kwesifuba ngisho noma uhamba ibanga elifushane? Nakuba lezi zinto zingase zibonakale njengokukhathala okuvamile, kungase kube nenkinga encane enhliziyweni yethu ngemuva kwalokhu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesimo esinjalo, esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Mitral Valve Stenosis' noma esaziwa ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi 'i-Mitral Valve Stenosis'. Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula.
Kuyini i-Mitral Valve Stenosis?
Kalula nje, lokhu kuwukuncishiswa noma ukuvaleka kwevalvu ye-mitral ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yethu. Cabanga ukuthi kunomnyango phakathi kwamakamelo amabili endlini yakho. Uma lowo mnyango ungavulwa ngokuphelele, kodwa uvuleka kancane nje, bekungeke yini kube nzima ukuhambahamba? Yilokho okwenzekayo nalapha.
I-valve ye-mitral yisango lapho igazi ligeleza khona lisuka ekamelweni eliphezulu (atrium yangakwesobunxele) liye ekamelweni elingezansi (i-ventricle yangakwesobunxele) ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo yethu. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo elivela emaphashini liqala ukungena kuleli gumbi eliphezulu. Ukusuka lapho, liya ekamelweni elingezansi, lapho lipompa khona igazi elinomoya-mpilo liye emzimbeni wonke.
Ngakho-ke, uma le valve ye-mitral iba mncane, kuba nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze lisuka ekamelweni eliphezulu liye ekamelweni elingezansi. Kufana nomnyango ongeke uvuleke kahle. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo isebenze kanzima. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ngokusebenza kwenhliziyo.
Sivame kangakanani lesi simo eSri Lanka?
Empeleni, lesi akusona isifo esivame kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi manje sinemithi yokulwa namagciwane emihle yokutheleleka ngamagciwane, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yalesi sifo. Kodwa esikhathini esidlule, lesi simo sasivame kakhulu.
Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa. Emazweni athuthukile, sivame kakhulu kubantu abaseminyakeni yabo yo-50 no-60, kodwa sibonakala nakubantu abasebasha emazweni asathuthuka. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane ezincane zingazalwa zinalesi simo.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Esikhathini esiningi, lesi simo asibonisi zimpawu ezinkulu kuze kube yilapho sesibi kakhulu. Kodwa uma kuvela izimpawu, ungabona izinto ezinjengalezi.
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya) | Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu. Ungase ube nobunzima bokuphefumula hhayi kuphela lapho uzivocavoca noma usebenza, kodwa nalapho ulele embhedeni. |
| Ukukhathala | Lokhu akukhona ukukhathala nje kuphela. Kuwumuzwa wokukhathala oqeda amandla okwenza ungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wosuku. Uzizwa sengathi umzimba wakho awunampilo. |
| Ukutheleleka kwesifuba okuvamile (i-bronchitis) | Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kungathinta amaphaphu futhi kuholele ekuthelelekeni kwesifuba njalo. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo | Ngenxa yokuthi kunokucindezela okukhulu kakhulu ekamelweni eliphezulu lenhliziyo, inhliziyo ingashaya ngokungajwayelekile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-atrial fibrillation . Bese uzizwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha nangokungajwayelekile. |
| Isifo sohlangothi | Ngenxa yokuthi inhliziyo ayipompi igazi ngendlela efanele, ihlule legazi lingakheka bese liya ebuchosheni bese lihlala. Lesi yisimo esiyingozi. |
| Ukukhwehlela igazi | Ukucindezeleka okuvela enhliziyweni kungathinta imithambo emaphashini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi igazi elincane lingaphuma kanye nolwelwesi uma ukhwehlela. |
| Ukushintsha kwezwi (Ukuhosha) | Inzwa elawula izwi lethu igijima eduze kwenhliziyo. Uma igumbi eliphezulu lenhliziyo likhula futhi le nzwa icindezelwa, izwi lingashosholoza. |
| Ukuvuvukala kwamaqakala, izinyawo, noma isisu | Uma inhliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle, uketshezi luyanqwabelana emzimbeni bese izindawo ezifana nemilenze nesisu ziqala ukuvuvukala. |
Izimpawu ezibonakala ezinganeni ezincane uma lesi simo senzeka
Izingane ezincane ezizalwa nalesi simo zingase zibonise izimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Ubunzima bokuncelisa noma ukujuluka ngesikhathi uncelisa.
- Ukukhwehlela kanye nomkhuhlane.
- Ukwehluleka ukubonisa ukukhula okufanele iminyaka.
- Izifo zokuphefumula ezivame ukwenzeka.
- Ukukhathala ngokushesha nokuba nobunzima bokuphefumula ngisho nangemva kokugijima nokudlala isikhashana.
Okubalulekile, abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazimpawu noma ngabe banalesi simo. Abesifazane abaningi batholakala benaso, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inhliziyo kufanele isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi liye enganeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko?
Kunezizathu eziningana eziyinhloko zalokhu.
- Umonakalo obangelwa ukutheleleka: Imbangela eyinhloko nevame kakhulu yalokhu umkhuhlane wamathambo . Uma ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya emphinjeni (strep throat) kungelashwa kahle ebuntwaneni, amasosha omzimba angasabela ngokulimaza ama-valve enhliziyo. Lo monakalo ungathatha iminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Yingakho abantu abaningi bengabonakali izimpawu baze babe neminyaka ephakathi nendawo.
- Izinguquko ezenzeka ngokuguga: Njengoba siguga, ama-calcium deposits anganqwabelana kuma-valve, okubangela ukuba aqine futhi anciphe. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuncipha ngokuvamile akubi kakhulu futhi kungase kungadingi ukwelashwa.
- Ukuzalwa: Abanye abantwana bangazalwa nale valve inciphile. Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ngaphambi kokuba baneminyaka engu-2.
Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa yalesi simo
Uma i-mitral valve stenosis ingelashwa ngesikhathi, ezinye izinkinga zempilo zingavela, njenge:
- Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu
- Ukuvuvukala Kwamaphaphu
- Ukwehluleka Kwenhliziyo
- Amahlule egazi kanye nesifo sohlangothi
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile `(Atrial Fibrillation)`
- Ukutheleleka kwama-valve enhliziyo (i-Infective Endocarditis)
Udokotela usithola kanjani lesi sifo ngokunembile?
Uma uya kudokotela, uzolalela isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope ngenkathi ekuxilonga. Uma uzwa umsindo ongajwayelekile uvela enhliziyweni, sikubiza ngokuthi 'i-Heart Murmur' , ungase ube nokungabaza. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzokuthumela ukuze uthole izivivinyo ezinjengalezi ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
| Ukuhlolwa | Ufundani kulokhu? |
|---|---|
| I-Echocardiogram | Lolu uhlobo lokuhlola oluyinhloko olusetshenziswa ukuxilonga lesi sifo. Amagagasi e-ultrasound asetshenziswa ukuthatha ividiyo yenhliziyo, ekhombisa ukuthi i-valve incane kangakanani nokuthi inhliziyo isebenza kanjani. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram) | Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo. Kungahlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, njenge-atrial fibrillation. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yesifuba | Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kube noshintsho yini esimweni noma ngobukhulu benhliziyo ngenxa yalesi sifo. |
| Ukufakwa kwe-Catheterization Yenhliziyo | Kwezinye izimo ezinzima kakhulu, ithubhu elincane lidluliselwa ngemithambo engalweni noma emlenzeni liye enhliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwamagumbi enhliziyo. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Kukhona ukwelashwa kwalokhu. Kodwa lokhu kwelashwa kulawula izimpawu kuphela futhi kuvimbele isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu.
Imithi
Udokotela uzokunikeza imithi ehlukahlukene yokulawula izimpawu zakho.
- Lawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Nciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi futhi ulawule ukuvuvukala.
- Lawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.
- Nciphisa ingozi yokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi ngokuvimbela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
Ukwelashwa nge-catheter
Lezi izinqubo ezilula kunokuhlinzwa. Zenziwa ngokudlulisa ithubhu elincane ngemithambo engalweni noma emlenzeni liye enhliziyweni.
- I-Valvuloplasty yebhaluni:Ibhaluni libekwa eduze kwevalvu evinjiwe bese lifuthwa, okwenza ivalvu inwebe.
- Ukufakwa esikhundleni kwevalvu ye-Transcatheter (TMVR): Kwezinye izimo, le nqubo ingafaka esikhundleni sevalvu endala ngentsha.
Ukulungiswa noma ukushintshwa kwevalvu ngokuhlinzwa
Uma isimo sibi kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa. Lapha, udokotela ohlinzayo angenza okulandelayo:
- Lungisa ivalvu: Ungahlukanisa amavalvu evalvu enamathele ndawonye bese uphinda usebenze.
- Ukufakwa kabusha kwevalvu okuphelele: Ivalvu eyonakele ingasuswa bese ishintshwa ngevalvu yokwenziwa noma ivalvu eyenziwe ngezicubu zezilwane. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe.
Ingabe i-mitral valve stenosis ingavinjelwa?
Yebo, kungenzeka kakhulu. Njengoba umkhuhlane wamathambo uyimbangela eyinhloko yalokhu, kungcono ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (ikakhulukazi izifo zomphimbo) ngokushesha nangendlela efanele. Uma udokotela ekunike ama-antibiotic, kufanele uwathathe isikhathi esiphelele esinqunyiwe, noma ngabe ubuhlungu buyaphela.
Nakuba singenakuzivimba ngokuphelele izinto ezenzekayo njengoba sikhula, singazibambezela ngendlela yokuphila enempilo (ukudla okuhle, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, isisindo esinempilo).
Kufanele ngiye nini e-ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit)?
Uma uthola ukwelashwa, ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanele uye ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
Ngemva kokuqala umuthi...
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engavamile evela emithini (buza udokotela wakho kusenesikhathi ukuze uthole ukuthi iyini leyo miphumela).
- Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo.
- Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokopha ngaphakathi uma uwa.
- Uma ubunzima bokuphefumula bukhula ngokuzumayo.
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma olunye ukwelashwa...
- Uma inxeba lokuhlinzwa libomvu, livuvukile, noma lifudumele (lezi yizimpawu zokutheleleka).
- Uma uzwa ukuquleka, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
- Uma uphuza imithi yokunciphisa igazi, uwela, noma uzwa ukopha okungalawuleki, njengokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, igazi ekuhlanzeni, noma igazi endle.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Mitral valve stenosis iwukuvinjelwa kwevalvu ebalulekile enhliziyweni yakho.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula nokuzizwa ukhathele kalula yizimpawu ezimbili eziyinhloko.
- Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi izifo zomphimbo azelashwa kahle ebuntwaneni. Ngakho-ke, uma unesifo somphimbo esibuhlungu, bona udokotela bese uthola umuthi ofanele.
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele kwalesi simo kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, ungesabi ukubona udokotela bese ucela iseluleko. Uzokunikeza isiqondiso osidingayo.
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