Uyazazi lezi zifo eziyingozi zesikhunta? (Mucormycosis) Ake sixoxe!

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Kuyini i-Mucormycosis?

Kalula nje, i-Mucormycosis iwukutheleleka okukhulu kwesikhunta . Ibangelwa yiqembu lesikhunta esibizwa ngokuthi ama-mucormycetes. La makhunta angathinta izingxenye eziningi ezahlukene zemizimba yethu. Isibonelo, angathinta amehlo akho, ama-sinuses (izikhala ebunzini lakho nasemadlelweni), ubuchopho, amaphaphu, isisu namathumbu (indlela yokugaya ukudla), noma isikhumba.

Kulesi simo, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ethintwe yi-fungus. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-zygomycosis.

Manje cabanga, la ma-fungus abizwa ngokuthi ama-mucomycetes ahlala endaweni esizungezile, ikakhulukazi enhlabathini, emqubeni, emaqabunga abolayo, nasezingcezu zokhuni. Kodwa ngokumangalisayo, iningi lethu aliguli ngenxa yala ma-fungus. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela, izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza, noma ezinye izimo ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-mucomycosis.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-mucormycosis yisifo esingaba yingozi kakhulu . Ngakho-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, kufanele uye esibhedlela noma ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-Mucormycosis?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko ze-mucormycosis. Lezi yizi:

• Uhlobo oluthinta ikhala, amehlo, kanye nobuchopho (i-Rhino-orbital-cerebral noma i-Rhinocerebral mucormycosis)
• I-mucormycosis yamaphaphu
• I-cutaneous mucormycosis
• Uhlobo oluthinta uhlelo lokugaya ukudla (i-Gastrointestinal mucormycosis)
• I-mucormycosis esakazekile

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi sifo?

Izimpawu ze-mucormycosis zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba wakho ethelelekile. Ungase ube nezimpawu ekhaleni lakho, emaphashini, endleleni yokugaya ukudla, eduze kwamehlo akho, noma esikhumbeni sakho.

Uhlobo oluthinta ikhala, amehlo, kanye nobuchopho (i-Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis)

Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-mucormycosis . Kulesi simo, isikhunta siqala ukuthelela ama-sinuses akho futhi singasakazekela emjikelezweni nasebuchosheni. Sivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esibi kakhulu, esingalawuleki (isibonelo, i-A1C engaphezu kuka-8% naphezu kokwelashwa okuvamile isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka) nakubantu abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba.

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo yilezi:

• Imfiva
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu be-sinus (ubuhlungu ebunzini, ezihlathini)
• Ukuminyana kwekhala
• Izilonda noma izilonda ophahleni lomlomo
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono noma ukubona okubili
• Ubunzima bokujika amehlo nokumomotheka (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi 'i-cranial nerve palsy')
• Amehlo aphumayo (i-proptosis)
• Ukuvuvukala okuzungeze amehlo
• Izinyembezi ezimnyama noma ubomvu emehlweni
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo

I-Pulmonary Mucormycosis

Lolu hlobo lwesifo sofuba emaphashini luwuhlobo lwesibili oluvame kakhulu. Luvame kakhulu ku:

• Abantu abanomdlavuza ohlobene negazi (isib. i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, noma i-myeloma), ikakhulukazi labo abanamazinga aphansi amangqamuzana athile amhlophe egazi (i-neutropenia)
• Kulabo abaye bafakelwa umongo wethambo
• Kulabo abaye bafakelwa isitho esiqinile

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo:

• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (ukuphelelwa umoya)
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (i-hemoptysis)

I-Cutaneous Mucormycosis

Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka lwenzeka lapho isikhunta singena esikhumbeni sakho ngokusikeka noma ngokuklwebheka. Cabanga ukuthi unenxeba elincane futhi into efana nokungcola ingena enxebeni. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi le khunta ingene. Ngokumangazayo, lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu nakubantu abanezivikeli mzimba eziphilile.

Izimpawu zesikhumba:

• Ama-blister abuhlungu, izilonda, noma amaqhubu aqinile esikhumbeni
• Ukubomvu kwesikhumba, ukushintsha kombala, noma ukuvuvukala

Lezi zinguquko zesikhumba ziya ziba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ziba mnyama, zisakazeke ezindaweni ezinkulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zingadlulela emisipheni noma emathanjeni.

Uhlobo oluthinta uhlelo lokugaya ukudla (i-Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis)

Lokhu ukutheleleka kwesisu noma amathumbu. Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa muva nje, kuye kwanda nakubantu abadala abane-immune system ephansi (i-neutropenia), abantu abathatha imithi ye-corticosteroid yesikhathi eside, kanye nabantu abanezinye izifo ezenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.

Izimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukopha kwamathumbu

I-Mucormycosis Esabalalisiwe

Kulesi simo, ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngegazi kuye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngokuvamile kuthinta ubuchopho, kodwa kungathinta nenhliziyo, ubende, noma isikhumba. Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu nolubulalayo lwe-mucormycosis. Luvame ukubonakala ku:

• Abantu abanomdlavuza ohlobene negazi, ikakhulukazi labo abane-neutropenia
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa umongo wethambo
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa izitho zomzimba eziqinile

Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo luthinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba, izimpawu zezinye izinhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla nazo zingase zivele, kanye nezimpawu zanoma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo ongase ube nazo.

Kungani i-Mucormycosis yenzeka?

I-Mucomycosis ibangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta. Ezivame kakhulu yi-Rhizopus oryzae kanye ne-Rhizopus delemar. (Lezi yizinhlobo ezithile zesikhunta.) Lezi sikhunta zihlala endaweni ezungezile - ikakhulukazi enhlabathini, emqubeni, emaqabunga abolayo kanye nasezingcezu zokhuni. Zingatholakala nasekudleni okungagezwanga kahle. Iningi lethu aliguli ngenxa yokuphefumula noma ukuthinta lezi sikhunta. Kodwa uma unezinkinga ezithile zempilo, amasosha omzimba wakho angase angakwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka.

Lokhu kusithinta kanjani?

Ungathola i-mucormycosis ngokuphefumula ama-spores (izingxenye zokuzala ze-fungus) zalezi fungi, ukudla okuthile okunawo, noma ukuwasusa esikhumbeni. Lawa ma-spores mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi asikwazi ukuwabona noma ukuwagwema.

Akuvamile ukuthi idluliselwe ezibhedlela, ngemishini yezokwelapha engcolile, nangemva kwezinhlekelele zemvelo. Isibonelo, iziphepho ezinamandla zingavusa inhlabathi eningi futhi zikhiphe isikhunta emoyeni.

Ingabe lokhu kuyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Cha. I-Mucormycosis ayisabalali isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye. Ungayithola kuphela le fungus endaweni ezungezile.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-mucormycosis?

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo. Futhi, ukuba ne-iron eningi emzimbeni kungaba nomthelela kulokhu. Izici eziyingozi zifaka:

• Isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezifana ne-hyperglycemia kanye ne-ketoacidosis.
• Njengoba ngifakelwe isitho esiqinile.
• Ukuba nokufakelwa kweseli le-hematopoietic stem (ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo).
• I-Neutropenia ukwehla kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils.
• Umdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, noma i-myeloma.
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ye-corticosteroid.
• Ukujova izidakamizwa ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
• Isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hemochromatosis (esikhulisa inani lensimbi emzimbeni - `ukugcwala kwensimbi`).
• Ukusha noma ukulimala okukhulu kwesikhumba okuvumela ukungcola namagciwane ukuthi angene enxebeni.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ukuba nesisindo esiphansi.

Kalula nje, uma uhlelo lomzimba wakho lokulwa nezifo (amasosha omzimba) lubuthakathaka, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ube nalokhu.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yalesi sifo?

I-Mucormycosis ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu nezisongela impilo, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Cavernous sinus thrombosis: Lokhu kuwukuqhekeka kwegazi okwakheka ezimbotsheni zakho ze-sinus. Kungaba yingozi.
• I-Necrotizing fasciitis:Lokhu ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya okubi kakhulu, okusakazeka ngokushesha (okubizwa nangokuthi "amagciwane adla inyama"). Kungaba yingozi.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Lokhu kungukutheleleka kwamathambo akho. Amathambo angabhujiswa.

Lezi yizimo eziyingozi ngempela, yingakho kubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Udokotela angase asole ukuthi une-mucormycosis ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo. Ukuqinisekisa lokhu, bazothatha izithombe (bethwebula izithombe) zezingxenye zomzimba ezithintekile bese behlola izicubu zomzimba wakho ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini isikhunta.

Ukuhlolwa kwalokhu:

• Ukuthwebula izithombe: Kungenziwa ama-X-ray esifubeni, ama-CT scan (ama-computed tomography scan), noma ama-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).
• I-ultrasound ye-Endobronchial: Lolu uhlobo lwe-bronchoscopy. Lokhu kusho ukuthi idivayisi ye-ultrasound exhunywe epayipini elincane, elikhanyayo isetshenziselwa ukuthatha izithombe zengaphakathi lamaphaphu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu: Udokotela angabheka izicubu zakho ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu noma ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zelebhu ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini isikhunta se-mucormycosis.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Mucormycosis?

Odokotela belapha i-mucormycosis ngemithi yokulwa namagciwane. Kungadingeka futhi benze ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izicubu ezinegciwane noma ezifile. Imithi yokulwa namagciwane esetshenziswa kulokhu yile:

• I-Amphotericin B
• I-Posaconazole `(Posaconazole)`
• I-Isavuconazole

Kuzodingeka uphuze lomuthi wokulwa ne-fungus amasonto, mhlawumbe izinyanga.

Ingabe lesi sifo singalapheka ngokuphelele?

Yebo, kungenzeka. Kodwa kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka izinsuku ezimbalwa, amathuba okusinda angancishiswa kakhulu. Ngisho noma ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, kungaba nzima ukukwelapha.

Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokusindisa impilo!

Liyini izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-Mucormycosis?

Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ukwelapha futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abane-mucormycosis babuthakathaka amasosha omzimba, izinga lokufa liphezulu. Izinga lokufa lazo zonke izinhlobo ze-mucormycosis licishe libe ngu-54%. I-Mucormycosis ethinta ama-sinuses kuphela inezinga lokufa eliphansi kancane (cishe u-46%). Kodwa-ke, i-mucormycosis esakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ivame ukubulala.

Lokhu kuyindaba engathi sína. Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo kunzima ukuselapha, futhi ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi abasitholayo banamandla aphansi okuzivikela, izinga lokufa liphezulu. Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba, kunethuba lokululama ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma unezinye zezimo ezilandelayo, buza udokotela ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukutheleleka kwesikhunta nokuthi ungakubona kanjani kusenesikhathi:

• Uma unesifo sikashukela noma umdlavuza.
• Uma uke wafakelwa isitho noma wafakelwa i-stem cell.
• Uma unesifo esithile noma uphuza imithi ebuthakathaka amasosha omzimba wakho.

Kufanele ngiye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

I-Mucormycosis ingaba yingozi uma ingelashwa ngokushesha. Uma unezimpawu ze-mucormycosis, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka noma isifo sikashukela, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha. Njalo funa ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezinzima:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezu kuka-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukukhwehlela igazi.
• Amehlo avuvukele noma avuvukele eduze kwamehlo.
• Izinguquko zombono, njengokubona okukabili.
• Ukudideka noma ezinye izinguquko zengqondo.
• Ukudlikizela.
• Ulwelwesi noma izinyembezi ezimnyama.
• Isilonda esingapholi, esiqhubeka nokusabalala, noma esiphenduka sibe mnyama.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, hamba uye esibhedlela ngokushesha!

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingabe ngisengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo zesikhunta?
• Yini engingayenza ukuze nginciphise ingozi yami?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele futhi kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Yini engingayilindela ngalokhu kutholakala kwesifo?

Ingabe zikhona izindlela zokuvimbela i-Mucormycosis? (Ukuvimbela)

Isikhunta esibangela i-mucormycosis siseduze nathi, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusigwema ngokuphelele. Kodwa nansi eminye yezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho yokutheleleka yisikhunta:

• Uma unesifo esikufaka engozini yokutheleleka okukhulu kwesikhunta, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze usilawule.
• Uma usengozini enkulu yokutheleleka ngefungus, udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokukhunta ukuze akusize ekuvimbeleni ukugula.
• Uma umsebenzi wakho ubeka engcupheni yokuchayeka ku-fungus, buza udokotela wakho uma usengozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
• Gwema izindawo ezinothuli, njengezindawo zokwakha. Uma kufanele ube sezindaweni ezinjalo, gqoka imaski ethi "N95" (noma eminye imishini yokuzivikela) ukuze usize ekuhlungeni ama-spores esikhunta emoyeni owuphefumulayo.
• Gwema imisebenzi engase ikuveze ezinhlamvini zesikhunta, njengokulima ingadi nokumba. Gqoka amagilavu ​​​​nezingubo ezimboza isikhumba esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka lapho usebenza ngaphandle.
• Geza amanxeba nokuklwebheka kahle ngensipho namanzi.

Ingabe i-COVID-19 iyandisa ingozi ye-Mucormycosis?

Ngo-2021, kwaba nokwanda kwamacala e-mucormycosis kubantu ababene-COVID-19. Kodwa ochwepheshe abaqiniseki ukuthi kuyini ngempela ukuxhumana. Abaqiniseki nokuthi ukuba ne-COVID-19 ngokwayo kwanele yini ukwandisa ingozi, ngoba:

• Iningi lamacala abikwe ezindaweni zomhlaba lapho i-mucormycosis ivame khona. Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu abane-mucormycosis kulezi zindawo wayengenayo i-COVID-19.
• Ngesikhathi sobhubhane, kwabikwa amacala amaningana e-COVID-19 kanye ne-mucormycosis kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba (lapho i-mucormycosis ivame ukungavami), kodwa kwakungekho ukuqubuka kokutheleleka kwesikhunta ezindaweni lapho i-mucormycosis ivame ukungavami.
• Abantu abaningi ababene-mucormycosis kanye ne-COVID-19 babenesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle noma babethatha imithi ye-corticosteroid. Lezi yizici eziyingozi ze-mucormycosis.
• Abantu abaningi ababene-COVID-19 kanye ne-mucormycosis babenohlobo oluthinta ikhala, amehlo, kanye nobuchopho (i-rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis) - hhayi ukutheleleka okuvamile kwamaphaphu ongakulindela. Lokhu kusikisela nokuthi ezinye izimo eziyisisekelo, hhayi i-COVID-19 kuphela, zinegalelo kulokhu kutheleleka.

Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukusho zisuka nje ukuthi lokhu kubangelwa yi-Covid-19. Kungaba nezinye izinto ezibangela lokhu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Mucormycosis yisifo esingavamile . Sithinta cishe umuntu oyedwa noma ababili kwabayisigidi minyaka yonke. Kodwa uma unezinkinga zempilo ezenza buthaka amasosha omzimba wakho, usengozini enkulu. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela kanye ne-A1C ephezulu kufanele baqaphele kakhulu.

Ukuphatha izimo zakho zempilo eziyisisekelo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphilile. Kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka. Angaxoxa nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ongase ube nazo futhi akutshele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.

Lesi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka, njengesifo sikashukela, qaphela kakhulu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma unezimpawu ze-mucormycosis, iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo lesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha. Ngoba ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa izimpilo!

i- mucormycosis, isikhunta esimnyama, ukutheleleka ngesikhunta, isifo sikashukela, ukuzivikela komzimba, i-sinus, amaphaphu, isikhumba, ubuchopho, isikhunta