Ingabe ingane yakho ivame ukulala ekilasini? Mhlawumbe uthisha uthi, "Indodana/indodakazi yakho ihlala ilala ekilasini, ikhathele kakhulu." Noma ingabe ilala ngokuzumayo ngenkathi idlala nabangani bayo? Abanye abazali bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyinto abayenzayo ngenxa yokukhathala, noma okunye ngoba abalali kahle ebusuku. Kodwa-ke, lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yisimo sezinzwa esibi kakhulu esihlobene nobuchopho. Sikhuluma ngalokho namuhla. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-Narcolepsy.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-narcolepsy?
I-Narcolepsy yisimo lapho ubuchopho bengane bungakwazi ukulawula ukulala kwayo nokuvuka kwayo. Kufana nokuthi "iwashi langaphakathi" lomzimba wethu liyaphazamiseka. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ekhonweni lengane lokuhlala iphapheme.
Esinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala zalesi simo sezinzwa ukozela ngokweqile emini , okungaphazamisa ikhono lengane lokufunda, ukudlala, kanye nokuxhumana nabangani.
Ingane enalesi simo ingase izizwe ikhathele futhi ilele usuku lonke. Ngezinye izikhathi, ingase ibe "nokuhlaselwa ubuthongo" ngokuzumayo bese ilala ngenkathi yenza okuthile. Cabanga ngezingozi ezingase zenzeke uma ilala ngokuzumayo ngenkathi ihamba emgwaqweni, idlala, noma idla. Ngakho-ke, lesi yisimo okungafanele sisithathe kalula.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-Narcolepsy:
Yebo, lesi simo sihlukaniswe kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili. Kunomehluko omncane phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
| Uhlobo lwe-narcolepsy | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo 1 (Eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Narcolepsy ene-Cataplexy) | Kulolu hlobo, ingane iphinda ibhekane nokulala ngokweqile emini kanye nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cataplexy . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imisipha yomzimba ivele ibe buthaka futhi izwa sengathi ilahlekelwa ukulawula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-hypocretin, esiza ubuchopho ukuthi buhlale buqaphile, liphansi. Kulolu hlobo, umzimba ungase ukhuluphale ngokuzumayo. |
| Uhlobo 2 (Eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Narcolepsy ngaphandle kwe-Cataplexy) | Kulolu hlobo, ingane ilala kakhulu emini kuphela. Lesi simo esishiwo ngaphambilini asibi khona. Futhi, amazinga e-hypocretin ebuchosheni awathinteki. |
Into ebalulekile ukuthi zombili lezi zinhlobo zingathinta impilo yengane yansuku zonke, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-narcolepsy ezinganeni?
Akuzona zonke izingane ezine-narcolepsy ezibhekana nazo zonke lezi zimpawu ngendlela efanayo. Ezinye izimpawu zingase ziqale kusenesikhathi, kanti ezinye zingase zivele kamuva. Kunezimpawu ezine eziyinhloko.
1. Ukulala ngokweqile emini
2. I-Cataplexy - ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungazelelwe
3. Ukukhubazeka kokulala
4. Ukubona/ukuzwa izinto ezahlukene ngesikhathi ulele noma uvuka (Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho)
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabona lezi zimpawu:
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
- Ukulala imizuzwana embalwa ungazi ukuthi wenzani (Ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo)
- Ukwanda kwesisindo ngokuzumayo
- Ukuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi
Ake sibheke lezi zimpawu eziyinhloko ngemininingwane ethile.
Ukulala ngokweqile emini
Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala. Kudlula nje "ukozela." Kuphazamisa cishe konke ingane ekwenzayo ekhaya, esikoleni, kanye nabangani.
Bheka ukuthi lezi zinto ziyenzeka yini enganeni yakho:
- Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu usuku lonke, ikakhulukazi lapho uhleli, ufunda incwadi, noma ugibele imoto.
- "Ukuhlaselwa ubuthongo" kwenzeka. Lokho kusho ukuthi ulala ngokuzumayo, ngendlela engalawuleki.
- Uyaqhubeka nokulala emini ngemuva kweminyaka emi-5, noma alale isikhathi eside kunomntwana ojwayelekile (amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu).
- Ngisho noma ulala kancane emini bese uvuka, uzophinde uzizwe ulele ngemva kwesikhashana.
- Ikhanda lizizwa livilapha, likhohlwa, futhi lintula amandla.
- Ukunaka nokugxila kulahleka kalula.
- Ukuthukuthela, ukucasuka, ukusebenza ngokweqile, noma ukucindezeleka ngaphandle kwesizathu.
I-Cataplexy - ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungazelelwe
Lolu uphawu oluqondile kakhulu. I-Cataplexy ukulahleka okusheshayo kwamandla emisipha emzimbeni ngokuzumayo. Lokhu kungahlala kusukela kumasekhondi ambalwa kuya emizuzwini embalwa.
Lokhu kungase kuzwakale sengathi amadolo akho ayaphela amandla, noma wonke umzimba wakho ungase uzizwe ungaphilile kahle bese uwela phansi.
Uzoqala ngokuqaphela lezi zici ebusweni bomntwana wakho:
- Ingwegwe ayinampilo futhi umlomo uyavuleka.
- Amajwabu amehlo anzima futhi athambile.
- Ukukhipha ulimi.
- Amazwi ayaphambana uma ekhuluma.
- Ibonisa ukunyakaza noma ukubonakala kobuso okungavamile.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi simo sokungakhululeki senzeka lapho kuvela imizwa enamandla njengenjabulo , ukuhleka, intukuthelo, ukwesaba, noma injabulo . Cabanga nje, lapho ingane yakho ihleka kakhulu lapho ihlaya, ngokuzumayo iguqa ngamadolo bese ihlala phansi. Noma uma ijabule ngemva kokuwina umdlalo, iwisa lokho ekubambe phansi.
Cishe ama-70% ezingane ezine-narcolepsy abhekana nalesi simo. Kodwa-ke, ezinganeni ezincane, kungaphanjaniswa nokunganaki, ukuxhuzula, ukuquleka, noma nje indlela yokuthola ukunakwa .
Ukukhubazeka kokulala
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abaye babhekana nayo, kodwa kungaba yinto eyesabekayo kakhulu. Ukukhubazeka kokulala yisimo lapho ungakwazi khona ukunyakaza umzimba wakho noma ukukhuluma lapho usuzolala, noma lapho uvuka ekuseni.
Ngisho noma lokhu kuqhubeka imizuzwana embalwa noma imizuzu bese kudlula, ingane izizwa yesaba kakhulu, njengokungathi ivalelekile futhi ayikwazi ukucela usizo. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yengqondo yengane. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo siyaphela uma omunye umuntu ethinta umzimba.
Ukubona/ukuzwa izinto ezahlukene (imibono engaqondakali)
Lokhu kuyizimo ezifana namaphupho ezibonakala zingokoqobo kodwa azinjalo. Ziyenzeka uma usuzolala (hypnagogic hallucinations) noma uma uvuka ebuthongweni (hypnopompic hallucinations).
Ngokuvamile, izingane zibona noma zizwa izinto ezizethusayo, njengezithombe zezilwane noma imisindo yezilwane. Ngokuvamile, lesi simo sivela kanye nokukhubazeka kokulala okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambilini.
Kungani izingane zihlushwa yi-narcolepsy?
Akukho imbangela eyodwa eqondile yalokhu, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenxa yenkinga endaweni yobuchopho bengane elawula ukulala nokuvuka (i-hypothalamus).
Ngokukhethekile, i-narcolepsy yohlobo 1 ibangelwa ukwehla kwe -hypocretin yamakhemikhali obuchopho, okusisiza sihlale siphapheme. Kunezimbangela eziningana ezingaba khona zalokhu:
- Isimo sokuzivikela komzimba: Kalula nje, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somzimba sengane sihlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana aphilile ebuchosheni akhiqiza i-hypocretin, okubangela ukuntuleka kwalelo khemikhali. Ngezinye izikhathi, lesi simo singavela ngemva kokutheleleka okulula.
- Umlando womndeni:Uma othile emndenini enalesi simo, kungase kube nokuxhumana kwezakhi zofuzo nengane enaso.
- Ukulimala kobuchopho noma isimila: Akuvamile kakhulu, lesi simo singabangelwa umonakalo endaweni elawula ubuthongo ngenxa yokulimala kobuchopho, isimila, noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-narcolepsy?
Lesi simo singathinta izici ezahlukene zokuphila kwengane.
- Ukusebenza kabi esikoleni.
- Ubunzima bokuhlangana nabangani nokugcina ubudlelwano bomphakathi.
- Izinkinga zengqondo (ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka).
- Izinkinga zokuziphatha (njengokuphazamiseka kokungakwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo - i-ADHD).
- Izingozi zomzimba ezibangelwa ukuhlaselwa ubuthongo ngokuzumayo.
Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?
Uma usola ukuthi ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukubona udokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi udokotela wezingane.
Udokotela uzohlola ingane bese ekubuza ngezimpawu kanye nezindlela zokulala. Ngezinye izikhathi ingane ayiqondi zonke izimpawu zayo, ngakho-ke lokho okubonayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngemva kwalokho, ungathunyelwa ezivivinyweni eziningana ukuqinisekisa lesi sifo.
| Indlela yokuhlola | Kwenzekani nje |
|---|---|
| Idayari Yokugcina Ubuthongo | Amasonto ambalwa, bazokucela ukuthi uqophe izinto ezifana nokuthi ingane yakho ilala nini, ivuka nini, nokuthi ilala isikhathi esingakanani emini. |
| Idivayisi ye-Actigraph | Lena idivayisi encane efana newashi lesandla. Ilinganisa ukunyakaza kwengane futhi iqoqe idatha mayelana nokuthi ingane ilele nini nokuthi ivukile nini. |
| I-Polysomnogram (PSG) | Lokhu ukuhlolwa kobusuku bonke esikhungweni sokufunda ukulala. Ngesikhathi ingane ilele, izinto ezifana namaza obuchopho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, ukunyakaza kwamehlo nemilenze kulinganiswa njalo. |
| Ukuhlolwa Kokubambezeleka Kokulala Okuningi (MSLT) | Lokhu kwenziwa emini ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-PSG. Phakathi nalokhu, ingane icelwa ukuba ilale isikhashana njalo emahoreni amabili. Kukalwa ukuthi ingane ilala ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi ingena ngokushesha kangakanani ebuthongweni obujulile (ukulala kwe-REM). |
Ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zimpawu zifana nezezinye izifo zasebuntwaneni (isib. i-ADHD, ukuxhuzula), okungaholela ekuxilongweni okungalungile . Ngakho-ke, lezi zivivinyo zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kwenziwe ukuxilongwa okunembile.
Ingabe ikhona indlela yokwelapha i-narcolepsy?
Ngeshwa, alikho ikhambi le-narcolepsy okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, nakuba kuyisimo sokuphila konke, kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezingasiza ukulawula izimpawu futhi zisize ingane iphile impilo evamile.
Ukwelashwa kuhlukaniswe kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili:
1. Imithi
2. Ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila
Ukwelashwa ngemithi
Udokotela wakho angase akunikeze imithi ehlukahlukene yokunciphisa ukozela emini, ukulawula i-cataplexy, ukunciphisa izimpawu ezifana nokuphazamiseka kokulala kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho.
Ngokwesibonelo:
- Izikhuthazi
- Ama-ejenti okukhuthaza ukuvuka
- Izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi
- Imithi yokucindezeleka
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi udokotela wakho uzonquma umuthi ofanele kakhulu kanye nomthamo wengane yakho. Lokhu kungathatha amasonto ambalwa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela ngqo.
Izinguquko zokuziphatha kanye nendlela yokuphila
Ngaphezu kwemithi, izinguquko ezincane endleleni yokuphila yengane zingenza umehluko omkhulu.
- Dala isimiso sokulala esivamile: Yenza ingane yakho ijwayele ukulala nokuvuka ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.
- Jwayela ingane yakho ukulala kancane: Nikeza ingane yakho ukulala imizuzu engama-20-30 lapho izizwa ikhathele kakhulu ukulala.
- Dala indawo yokulala ekhululekile: Igumbi lakho lokulala kufanele lithule, libe mnyama, lipholile, futhi likhululekile. Gwema ukubukela i-TV noma ukusebenzisa ifoni yakho ngenkathi uhleli embhedeni.
- Yeka ukudla i-caffeine: Gwema i-soda, ikhofi, itiye, kanye noshokoledi amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokulala.
- Ukuzivocavoca: Kuhle ukuzivocavoca okungenani imizuzu engama-20 ngosuku. Kodwa akukhuthazwa ukuzivocavoca amahora amathathu ngaphambi kokulala.
- Gwema imisebenzi eyingozi: Gcina ingane yakho iqashwe umuntu omdala lapho yenza imisebenzi efana nokubhukuda nokupheka engaba yingozi uma ilala ngokuzumayo.
- Thola ukwesekwa esikoleni: Yazisa othisha kanye nothishanhloko ngesimo sengane yakho. Lokhu kuzobasiza bathole indawo yokuhlala edingekayo (isib. ukuvumela ingane ukuthi ilale emini).
- Nikeza ukwesekwa kwengqondo: Ukuphila nalesi simo kungaba nzima ngokomzwelo enganeni, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinikeza ukwesekwa nguchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo.
Njengomzali, ungayisiza kanjani ingane yakho?
Njengomzali, uyisitha esikhulu sengane yakho kulolu hambo. Kungathatha isikhathi ukuthola ukuxilongwa okunembile nokuthola uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele. Yiba nesineke phakathi naleso sikhathi.
Hlala uxhumene nothisha besikole. Chaza isimo sengane yakho kubo. Khuluma nabo ngezindlela ongasiza ngazo ingane yakho ukuthi ifunde.
Khumbula, awuwedwa kulokhu. Ukusebenza njengeqembu nodokotela wakho, othisha bengane yakho, kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo uma kudingeka, kunganika ingane yakho amandla ayidingayo ukuze ibhekane nalesi simo.
Okokugcina, uma ingane yakho inenkinga yokulala kakhulu emini, ungagcini nje ngokuthi “ubuvila,” kodwa khuluma nodokotela ngakho. Uma lesi simo sisheshe sitholakale, kulapho ingane yakho ingasizwa kangcono khona ukuba nobuntwana obuphumelelayo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Narcolepsy akuyona ubuvila, iyisimo sezinzwa esihlobene nobuchopho.
- Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukozela kakhulu emini kanye nokulahlekelwa yingqondo ngokuzumayo (Cataplexy) okuhambisana nemizwa enamandla njengokuhleka.
- Uma unalezi zimpawu, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wezingane.
- Kungadingeka izifundo ezikhethekile zokulala ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile.
- Nakuba kungekho ikhambi eliphelele, imithi kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kungalawula ngempumelelo izimpawu futhi kusize ingane iphile impilo evamile.
- Uma ingane isengozini ngenxa yokuhamba ubuthongo ngokuzumayo, yiyise ngokushesha e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela esiseduze.
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