Uyazazi izimila zamakhala kanye nezama-paranasal? Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ingabe unekhala elicijile ngaso sonke isikhathi? Noma ingabe lizwakala sengathi lihlangothini olulodwa kuphela? Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uthola ukopha ekhaleni? Ngisho noma ungase ucabange ukuthi umkhuhlane nje, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nesinye isizathu ngemuva kwawo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo zamathumba angakheka ekhaleni kanye nemigodi ehambisana nawo (ama-sinuses).

Iyini isimila samakhala?

Kalula nje, i-nasal polyp ukukhula okungavamile kwamangqamuzana okwenzeka emgodini wekhala noma ezimbotsheni ezigcwele umoya ezizungeze ikhala lakho (ama-paranasal sinuses). Ezinye zalezi zingaba yingozi , okusho ukuthi azinawo umdlavuza. Ezinye zingaba yingozi , okusho ukuthi zinomdlavuza.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimila zasekhaleni ezingezona umdlavuza (ezingenabungozi):

Lezi ngokuvamile ziyizimila ezilula, ezingasongeli impilo.

• Ama-polyp ekhaleni: Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngalawa. Angamaqhubu athambile, angenabuhlungu akha ngaphakathi kwekhala. Abanye abantu bawahlakulela ngokuminyana kwekhala njalo.
• I-Hemangioma: Lezi yizimila ezakhiwe ngemithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi zingabukeka njengeziqhubu ezincane ezibomvu.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezimila ezibuhlungu ekhaleni:

Lezi zimbi kakhulu, ngoba ziwumdlavuza. Zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

• I-carcinoma yamaseli e-squamous
• I-Adenocarcinoma
• I-Neuroblastoma : Lona umdlavuza oqala emangqamuzaneni ezinzwa.
• I-Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• I-Sarcoma: Lona umdlavuza ovela ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo njengethambo, i-cartilage, namafutha.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesimila sekhala kanye nesimila se-paranasal sinus?

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuthi ithumba likhula kuphi. Cabanga ngalo njengamakamelo amabili endlini.

• Isimila sekhala: Lokhu kuqala ngaphakathi kwekhala lakho. Okusho ukuthi, ngemuva kwekhala, endaweni eyinhloko esiphefumula ngayo.
• Isimila se-Paranasal sinus: Lokhu kuqala ezimbotsheni ezigcwele umoya ezizungeze ikhala (ama-paranasal sinuses). Lezi zimbotshana yilapho kwenzeka khona i-sinusitis, futhi zakheka khona. Lezi zimbotshana zisiza ekunciphiseni isisindo sekhanda futhi zinikeze umsindo wezwi.

Ubani othola la mathumba ekhaleni?

Eqinisweni, noma ubani angaba nalezi zinto. Ingane, umuntu osemusha, umuntu omdala, wonke umuntu usengozini. Kodwa-ke, ama-polyp asekhaleni anomdlavuza avame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55. Ezinye izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola ama-polyp asekhaleni kunabesifazane .

Ingabe ama-polyp asekhaleni avamile?

Cha, ama-polyp asekhaleni empeleni awavamile kakhulu.Okuthile. Lokho kusho ukuthi akusona isifo esithinta wonke umuntu. Umdlavuza wekhala kanye ne-paranasal sinuses uyingxenye encane kakhulu yawo wonke umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu zesimila sekhala?

Kufanele ukhathazeke kancane ngalezi zimpawu, njengoba ezinye zazo zingase zifane nezimpawu zomkhuhlane ovamile noma ukutheleleka kwe-sinus.

• Ukuminyana kwamakhala njalo noma ukuminyana kwama-sinus, ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa , uma kuqhubeka kungakabi ngcono.
• Ukulahlekelwa noma ukuncipha kwenzwa yokuhogela (anosmia) . Khathazeka uma ulahlekelwa yikhono lakho lokuhogela iphunga ojwayele ukulizwa ngokuzumayo.
• Ukopha ekhaleni , ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka njalo futhi ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu , ikakhulukazi lelo elihlala njalo futhi elingaphezi naphezu kokwelashwa.
• Ukuconsa kwangemva kwempumulo, okuwumuzwa wokuphuma kwe-mucus kusuka ekhaleni kuya emphinjeni .
• Uketshezi oluphuzi noma oluluhlaza okotshani, olufana nobomvu, luphuma ekhaleni .
• Ukudabuka kwamehlo njalo (okungaphezu kokujwayelekile).
• Ushintsho lwezwi , njengokungathi ukhuluma ngekhala.
• Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki eduze kwekhala, amehlo, izindlebe, izihlathi, noma ibunzi .
• Isigaxa noma ukuvuvukala ebusweni, ekhaleni, ophahleni lomlomo, noma entanyeni .
• Ukutheleleka njalo kwendlebe noma uketshezi oluphuma endlebeni.
• Ubunzima bokuzwa noma umuzwa oqhubekayo wokukhala ezindlebeni.
• Izinkinga zamehlo: Amehlo avuvukele noma iso elilodwa elivele phambili, umbono ofiphele, umbono ophindwe kabili, njll.
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho noma ubuhlungu endaweni yomhlathi.

Yini ebangela amathumba ekhaleni?

Eqinisweni, ama-polyp asekhaleni abangelwa ukulimala noma izinguquko ezingavamile ezakhiweni zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula kwamaseli emizimbeni yethu. Ochwepheshe basazama ukuthola ukuthi kungani ngempela lezi zinguquko zofuzo zenzeka.

Kodwa-ke, kuye kwatholakala ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezandisa ingozi yokuthola ama-polyp ekhaleni. Lezi yizi:

• Intuthu kagwayi: Akukhona nje ukuthi ukubhema ugwayi nama-bidi kuyingozi, kodwa futhi nokuhogela intuthu kagwayi wabanye abantu (ukubhema okwesibili) kuyingozi.
• Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside othulini lwezinkuni noma othulini lwesikhumba . Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulabo ababandakanyeka embonini yokubaza, ifenisha, kanye nezicathulo.
• Ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali athile kanye nentuthu: Isibonelo, ukuchayeka kuglue, i-radium, izinyibilikisi, i-nickel, i-chromium, kanye ne-formaldehyde.
• Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane (isib. i-Human Papillomavirus - HPV) zingase zihileleke.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma ama-polyp asekhaleni eshiywa engelashwa?

Uma kuyisifo somdlavuza ekhaleni, singasakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (i-metastasis) . Leyo yinto eyingozi kakhulu. Isibonelo, singasakazekela kuma-lymph node entanyeni, emaphashini, esibindini nasemathanjeni. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela ethola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi , ingozi yokusabalala kwalesi sifo ingancishiswa kakhulu. Yingakho kunconywa ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu.

Izigaba zomdlavuza we-nasal kanye ne-paranasal sinus

Odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo lokuhlola ukuze bathole ukuthi isimila ekhaleni noma kuma-sinuses e-paranasal sinuses sisakazeke kangakanani. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukwelashwa. Kunezigaba ezine eziyinhloko:

• Isigaba I: Isimila sisengaphakathi kwekhala noma emathanjeni e-paranasal. Asikasabalali.
• Isigaba II: Isimila sesisabalale kwezinye izingxenye zomgodi wamakhala noma we-paranasal sinuses, kodwa sisangaphakathi kwalowo mngcele.
• Isigaba sesiThathu: Isimila sesisabalale emathanjeni esino noma embotsheni yeso. Kungenzeka ukuthi sesisabalale nase-lymph node eseduze.
• Isigaba IV: Lesi yisigaba esibi kakhulu. Isimila sesisabalale ezicutshini eziseduze, njengobuchopho, isisekelo sekhanda, noma izingxenye ezijulile zentamo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi sisabalale nasezinhlayiyeni ze-lymph ezikude noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezikude (njengamaphaphu).

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nalesi sigaba somdlavuza, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile. Ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukutshela kahle ukuthi isimo sakho siyini. Ungesabi ukubuza.

Uyibona kanjani ithumba ekhaleni?

Okokuqala, uma ubona udokotela onezimpawu zakho, uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi akubuze ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, kanye nomsebenzi wakho. Ngemuva kwalokho, bazoncoma ezinye izivivinyo ezifanele isimo sakho. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-endoscopy yekhala: Kule nqubo, udokotela ufaka ithubhu elincane neliguquguqukayo (elinokukhanya okuncane nekhamera) ekhaleni ukuze abheke ngaphakathi kwezindawo zamakhala kanye nemigodi yama-sinus. Lokhu kungahlola noma yini engavamile, njengesimila. Uma kudingeka, kungathathwa ingcezu encane yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe (i-biopsy) ngalesi sikhathi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Isampula yegazi lakho iyathathwa bese ihlolwa elebhu ukuze kuhlolwe izimo zempilo ezijwayelekile kanye nezimpawu ezithile zesimila.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ama-X-ray , ama-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) , noma ama-CT (computed tomography) . Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabonisa imininingwane eminingi ngesimila, njengobukhulu baso, indawo, ukuthi sisakazekele yini ezicutshini eziseduze, nokuthi ama-lymph node athintekile yini.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Lapha, udokotela uthatha isampula encane yezicubu ezivela esimila bese eyithumela elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe nge-histopathological. Le biopsy isetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi isimila sinomdlavuza noma cha, futhi uma kunjalo, uhlobo luni lomdlavuza.

Uphatha kanjani ama-cysts ekhaleni?

Ukwelashwa kwesimila samakhala kuncike ezintweni eziningana, okuhlanganisa impilo yakho iyonke, uhlobo lwesimila (esinomdlavuza noma cha), ubukhulu nendawo yesimila, isigaba somdlavuza, kanye nezintandokazi zakho.

Ngokuvamile, odokotela batusa ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwezimila zamakhala ezingezona umdlavuza.

Kuma-tumors asemakhaleni anomdlavuza, inhlanganisela yokwelashwa okulandelayo noma ngaphezulu ivame ukusetshenziswa: ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye ne-chemotherapy ngezinye izikhathi.

Ukuhlinzwa

Umgomo oyinhloko wokuhlinzwa ukususa isimila sekhala esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze, udokotela ohlinzayo uzowasusa futhi (ukusikwa kwentamo). Ngezinye izikhathi, kuye ngokuthi isimila sikhona, ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngaphakathi kwekhala kusetshenziswa i-endoscope (ukuhlinzwa kwe-endoscopic), ngaphandle kokwenza i-incision ngaphandle. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye ama-tumors amakhulu, i-incision ingadinga ukwenziwa ngaphandle kobuso noma ekhanda. Kuye ngesimo sakho, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lingafaka odokotela abahlinzayo bomlomo, odokotela abahlinzayo bezinzwa, kanye nochwepheshe bezindlebe, impumulo, nomphimbo (ochwepheshe be-ENT).

Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe

Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa imisebe enamandla amakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuphela noma kuhlanganiswe nokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunikezwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe isimila (ukwelashwa kwe-neoadjuvant). Noma, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kunikezwa ngemva kokuhlinzwa ukuze kubulawe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele (ukwelashwa okusizayo). Kubantu abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa noma abangafuni ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe kuphela kungasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulwa nomdlavuza ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngomlomo noma ngemithambo yegazi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali akuvamile ukusetshenziswa ukwelapha ama-polyp ekhaleni njengokuhlinzwa noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezinzima, lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke, noma ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelashwa ngemisebe (i-chemoradiation), udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali.

Yini ongayilindela uma unesimila ekhaleni lakho?

Uma unesimila sekhala esingeyona umdlavuza, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuthi ususwe ngokuhlinzwa.Izimila zasekhaleni ezingezona umdlavuza ngokuvamile azisongeli impilo futhi zinomngcipheko ophansi wokuphinda zivele.

Kodwa-ke, uma unesimila somdlavuza ekhaleni, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokwakha uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondene nawe ngqo. Lungafaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, i-chemotherapy, noma inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela zokwelapha. Kuzodingeka uqhubeke nokuhlolwa okulandelayo ngemva kokwelashwa ukuze ubone ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.

Ingabe ama-cyst ekhaleni nasema-sinuses e-paranasal angelapheka?

Iningi lama-polyp asekhaleni anomdlavuza ayelapheka, ikakhulukazi uma etholakala kusenesikhathi. Njengakwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, uma i-polyp yasekhaleni ingatholakali isikhathi eside, kulapho amathuba okukhula nokusabalala khona ayanda. Lokhu kunganciphisa amathuba okwelashwa. Yingakho sithi qaphela izimpawu futhi ubone udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu uma unenkinga.

Amanani Okusinda Komdlavuza Wekhala kanye Nezimbobo Ze-Paranasal

Amazinga okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kwama-polyp ekhaleni ayahlukahluka, kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani.

• Uma isimila sitholakala ekhaleni noma ema-sinuses e-paranasal (asendaweni), izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu licishe libe ngu -82% . Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abangu-82 kwabayi-100 abanalolu hlobo lwesimila basazophila iminyaka emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa.
• Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezicutshini eziseduze noma kuma-lymph node (ezindaweni), leli zinga licishe libe ngu -52% .
• Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba, leli zinga likhuphuka lifinyelele cishe ku -42% .

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula lokhu: Amanani okusinda ayizibalo, okungukuthi, izilinganiso. Azikutsheli ukuthi uzophila isikhathi esingakanani noma ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuzophumelela kangakanani. Isimo sawo wonke umuntu sihlukile. Uma unemibuzo ethile ngalokhu, kungcono ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Ungalilahli ithemba.

Ingabe ama-polyp asekhaleni angavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngokuphelele ama-polyp ekhaleni. Kodwa-ke, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuyeka ukubhema, ukugwema intuthu ebhemayo, nokunciphisa ukuchayeka kwakho entuthwini yamakhemikhali eyingozi kanye nothuli . Uma usebenza endaweni lapho kukhona khona amakhemikhali noma uthuli oluyingozi (njengothuli lwezinkuni, uthuli lwesikhumba), qiniseka ukuthi ulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele futhi ugqoke imishini yokuzivikela efanele (njengemaski yobuso, ama-respirators).

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma unezimpawu zesimila samakhala, njengokuphuma kwegazi njalo ekhaleni, ukulahlekelwa yiphunga, ukuminyana kwamakhala okuqhubekayo (ikakhulukazi ohlangothini olulodwa), ubuhlungu bobuso noma ukuvuvukala, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela ngokushesha.Ngemva kokubona udokotela ojwayelekile, uma bebona ukuthi kuyadingeka, bazokudlulisela kudokotela wezindlebe, impumulo, kanye nomphimbo (uchwepheshe we-ENT).

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho?

Uma wena noma othile oseduze nawe etholakala enesimila ekhaleni, ungesabi noma ungabaze ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingabe lesi simila sinomdlavuza noma asisona umdlavuza?
• Ikuphi ngempela ithumba?
• Ingakanani ithumba?
• Ingabe kusabalele? Uma kunjalo, kuphi? (Ingabe kusabalele? Uma kunjalo, kuphi?)
• Iyini isiteji salokhu?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa oluncomayo? Futhi ngani? (Hlobo luni lokwelashwa oluncomayo? Futhi ngani?)
• Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwelashwa?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza ukuzokwelashwa?
• Ziyini imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa? Zingalawulwa kanjani?
• Ngizokwazi yini ukusebenza noma ukuya esikoleni ngenkathi ngelashwa?
• Impilo yami izobe injani ngemva kokwelashwa? Ngingalindela ukululama ngokuphelele?
• Ingabe kukhona ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa kimi?

Kuzizwa kanjani uma unesimila ekhaleni lakho?

Ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu ze-nasal polyp zifana kakhulu nezomkhuhlane ovamile. Yingakho abantu abaningi bengasinaki kakhulu. Njengoba lesi simo siqhubeka, ungase ube nekhala elivalekile ohlangothini olulodwa elingabi ngcono futhi elihlala njalo. Ezinye izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, ubuhlungu bobuso, kanye nokulahlekelwa yiphunga. Uma unekhala elihlala livalekile noma ukuvaleka kwe-sinus, noma ezinye izimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla, bona udokotela ngokushesha.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ama-polyp ekhaleni ayizimila ezingavamile ezakha ngaphakathi kwekhala noma kuma-sinuses e-paranasal. Angase abe nomdlavuza noma angabi nawo. Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile uma uzwa ukuthi une-polyp. Kwenzeka kuwo wonke umuntu.

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enomdlavuza, khuluma ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela. Thola ulwazi. Buza imibuzo. Kungasiza futhi ukukhuluma nomeluleki ukuze akusize ubhekane nokucindezeleka, ukwesaba, kanye nokukhathazeka okuhambisana nalesi sikhathi. Uma ukwazi, joyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza, kungaba lendawo noma eliku-inthanethi. Ukukhuluma nabanye ababhekene nezinto ezifanayo nawe nokwabelana ngemibono kuhle kakhulu empilweni yakho yengqondo. Kungakusiza uzizwe sengathi awuwedwa.

` Izimila zamakhala, izimila ze-paranasal, umdlavuza wamakhala, umdlavuza we-sinus, ukuminyana kwamakhala, ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni, ukulahlekelwa yiphunga