Ingabe kubonakala sengathi kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso lakho? Singakhuluma ngalokhu kuthuthukiswa kwemithambo yegazi esweni?

Ngezinye izikhathi amehlo ethu athola izinkinga ezingalindelekile, akunjalo? Ngokungazelelwe, umbono wethu uba lufifi, noma amehlo ethu abe bomvu futhi abe buhlungu. Kungase kube nesimo ngemuva kwalezi zinto esingakakuzwa okuningi ngaso. Esinye isimo esinjalo ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso.

Kuyini ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha esweni? (Ukuvuselelwa Kwemithambo Yegazi Eso)

Kalula nje, lokhu kwenzeka lapho kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso. Kodwa-ke, le mithambo yegazi ikhula ezindaweni okungafanele ikhule kuzo, ngezindlela okungafanele ikhule ngazo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokweqile . Ikhula njengokhula. Izicubu ezintsha ezinemicu zingakheka phakathi kwale mithambo yegazi emisha. Yilapho umbono uqala ukuthinteka khona.

Lokhu yilokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi "i-Neovascularization", ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha, engafuneki ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvuvukeni nasekuqhekekeni kwamehlo, okungagcina kuholele ekulahlekelweni umbono okunciphile noma okuphelele . Ngokuvamile, lesi simo sibangelwa ukulimala noma isifo esiqhubekayo.

Le mithambo yegazi emisha ingakheka kuphi esweni?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye zeso le mithambo yegazi emisha ezingathinta. Iso liyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nesithambile.

• I-Choroid: Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwe-retina ne-sclera, ingxenye emhlophe yeso. Yilapho iningi lemithambo yegazi enikeza igazi esweni litholakala khona.
• I-Retina: Yilapho ukukhanya okungena esweni kuguqulwa khona kube izimpawu zikagesi bese kuthunyelwa ebuchosheni. Yilokhu okusivumela ukuthi sibone izinto.
• I-Macula: Lokhu kutholakala enkabeni ye-retina. Kusisiza sibone izinto eziphambi kwethu ngokucacile.
• I-Iris: Lena yingxenye yeso eliyinika umbala wayo. Indilinga encane emnyama phakathi, okuyi -pupil , nayo itholakala lapha.
• I-Cornea: Lena yingxenye yeso ecacile, efana nengilazi ngaphambili, njengefasitela.
• I-Conjunctiva: Lolu ulwelwesi oluncane oluvikela iso.

Ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha kungqimba lwemithambo yegazi `(Choroidal Neovascularization - CNV)`

Manje ake sibheke lokhu `(Choroid)`, okungukuthi, ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ongqimbeni lwemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `(Choroidal Neovascularization - CNV)`.

Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abane-age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi imbangela ukwanda kwamazinga ekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), ekhiqizwa yi-retina yomuntu one-AMD.

Le mithambo yegazi emisha ayivamile. Ibuthakathaka kakhulu, njengepayipi eliphukile.Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi uketshezi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho negazi, luvuzele ku-retina. Cabanga ngakho njengebhaluni elincane eligcwele amanzi, bese kwakheka i-blister ku-retina.

Lezi zimbangela ze-`(CNV)` zingabangela nokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ku-retina ephakathi (i-Macular Neovascularization - MNV). Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi i-`(MNV)` ingenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isizathu. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ibizwa nangokuthi `(Idiopathic)`, okusho ukuthi "yembangela engaziwa".

Ukuvuselelwa Kwemithambo Yegazi Emincane Ye-Corneal

Okulandelayo, ake sixoxe ngokwakhiwa kwemithambo yegazi emisha ku-cornea. Khumbula, i-cornea yingxenye ecacile yeso. Ngokuvamile, ayinayo nhlobo imithambo yegazi. Yingakho icacile kangaka. Ngakho-ke, uma kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha kuyo, lokho kucaca kungaphazamiseka, futhi kungabukeka njengenkungu. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi umbono ufiphale.

Lokhu "kwe-Corneal Neovascularization" kuhlotshaniswa nezimo ezahlukahlukene zamehlo.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwemithambo Ye-Retinal

I-retinal neovascularization ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha, engajwayelekile ku-retina. Khumbula, i-retina yilapho kutholakala khona amangqamuzana azwa ukukhanya. Lesi simo singabangelwa izifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokulimala. Le mithambo yegazi emisha ibuthakathaka futhi ingakhipha igazi futhi ivuza uketshezi.

Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Iris nge-Neovascularization

I-Iris Neovascularization iwukuthuthuka kwemithambo yegazi emisha nengajwayelekile ku-iris - ingxenye yeso enikeza umbala iso. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-Rubeosis Iridis. Ihlotshaniswa nohlobo olubi lwe-glaucoma olubizwa ngokuthi i-Neovascular Glaucoma. I-Glaucoma yisifo esonakalisa i-optic nerve futhi siyingozi enkulu ekuboneni.

Ziyini izimpawu zalesi simo?

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu esizizwayo nesizibonayo lapho kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso. Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngokuthi imithambo yegazi emisha yakheke kuphi.

Uma kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha ku-choroid kanye ne-macula:

• Izinto ozibonayo zingase zibonakale ziphambene futhi ziphambene , njengokubuka emanzini noma ngesibuko esiphambene.
• Uma ubheka phambili, ungase ubone isikhala esingenalutho noma ibala elimnyama phakathi nendawo yokubona kwakho.

Uma kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha ku-cornea (i-Corneal Vascularization):

Ungase ungabi nazo nhlobo izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, uma unazo, ungase ubhekane nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo.
• Amehlo anamanzi.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-Photophobia) - Lokhu kusho ubunzima bokubheka izinto ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga kanye nezibani ezikhanyayo.
• Uma ugqoka ama-contact lens, ungase ungakwazi ukuwagqoka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora ambalwa.

Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Yiziphi izizathu?

Kulungile, manje ake sibheke ukuthi kungani kwakheka imithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso ngale ndlela, nokuthi yiziphi izimbangela. Izizathu zalokhu kwakheka zihlukile kancane endaweni ngayinye.

Izimbangela zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ku-choroid kanye ne-macula:

• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Lena yimbangela eyinhloko.
• Ukubona eduze kakhulu.
• I-histoplasmosis yeso iwukutheleleka kwesikhunta kweso.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo.
• Imigqa ye-Angioid: Lokhu kufana nemifantu eyakheka kwenye yezingxenye ze-retina.
• I-Uveitis: Leli yiqembu lezifo zamehlo ezingabangela ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kweso, ukubomvu, kanye nobuhlungu bamehlo.

Izimbangela zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ku-cornea:

• Izifo zokuzalwa: Lezi yizifo eziba khona lapho umuntu ezalwa.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo: Isibonelo, ukusha kwamakhemikhali.
• I-keratitis ethelelanayo.
• Ukungezwani komzimba.
• Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokuvuvukala.
• Ukusebenzisa ama-contact lens isikhathi eside kungabangela ukushoda komoya-mpilo ezicutshini (i-Hypoxia).
• Ukwenqatshwa kwe-graft ye-cornea ngumzimba.

Izimbangela zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha ku-retina:

• I-Retinitis.
• I-Retinopathy: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimo ezifana ne-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela, i-sickle cell retinopathy, kanye ne-retinopathy yokungavuthwa.
• Ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi eyinhloko entanyeni yakho (imithambo ye-carotid).
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal: Lokhu ukuvaleka komthambo wegazi ku-retina.

Izimbangela zemithambo yegazi emisha ku-iris:

• I-retinopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal ephakathi.
• I-Ocular ischemic syndrome: Isimo esibangelwa ukwehla kokugeleza kwegazi eliya esweni.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-retinal ihlukana nezicubu zayo ezisekelayo.
• I-Uveitis.

Ukubona kanjani lokhu? Yiziphi izivivinyo?

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, udokotela uzixilonga kanjani ngqo? Kunezivivinyo eziningana zalokho.

• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwesibani esivulekile:Kulokhu, amaconsi eso afakwa esweni, umfundi uyakhuliswa, futhi ingaphakathi leso lihlolwa ngokucophelela ngethuluzi elikhethekile, njenge-microscope.
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Lokhu kufana nokuskena ingaphakathi leso. Kungathatha izithombe ezicacile zezingqimba ezingaphakathi kweso. Kungabheka izinto ezifana nemithambo yegazi emisha kanye nokuvuza koketshezi.
• I-Fluorescein angiography noma i-Indocyanine green angiography: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka idayi ekhethekile emthanjeni osengalweni yakho nokuthatha izithombe zemithambo yegazi esesweni lakho. Lokhu kungabonisa ngokucacile izinto ezifana nokuvaleka nokuvuza kwemithambo yegazi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?

Ukwelashwa kwalesi simo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngembangela kanye nengxenye yeso ethintekile. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukufaka imithi kanye/noma i-ablation, ebhubhisa imithambo yegazi emisha nengajwayelekile.

Izinhlobo zemithi:

Ezinye zalezi imijovo yangaphakathi kwe-vitreal efakwa ngqo esweni. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu ngokulawula ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-VEGF nokunciphisa ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha.

• `Bevacizumab (Avastin®)` (Lokhu kusetshenziswa `(ngaphandle kwelebula)`, okusho ukuthi akusikho kwesifo esivunyelwe sona, kodwa ngoba kwaziwa ukuthi kuyazuzisa)
• `Brolucizumab (Beovu®)`
• `I-Aflibercept (Eylea®)`
• `Ranibizumab (Lucentis®)`
• Ukwelashwa ngezakhi zofuzo: Lena indlela entsha yokwelapha esesesigabeni socwaningo.
• Izithibi ze-MMP: Isibonelo, iphilisi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Doxycycline , elinikezwa ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emisha ku-cornea.

Izindlela ezibhubhisa izicubu ezingavamile:

• Ukwelashwa nge-laser ablation: Lokhu kusebenzisa imisebe ye-laser "ukushisa" nokubhubhisa imithambo yegazi emisha.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Photodynamic (PDT): Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka umuthi ozwela ukukhanya esweni, bese kukhanyisa iso ngokukhanya okukhethekile ukuze kubhujiswe imithambo yegazi engavamile.
• Ukushisa: Le ndlela isebenzisa ukushisa ukwelapha imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile.

Khumbula futhi: Lokhu kwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Isibonelo, ama-steroid kanye nemithi yokulwa ne-VEGF kungaba nemiphumela emibi ethinta umzimba wonke. Futhi, uma kubhubhisa imithambo yegazi, izicubu ezinempilo ngezinye izikhathi zingalimala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngezinzuzo kanye nokubi kokwelashwa ngakunye nodokotela wakho bese ukhetha okukulungele.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sizivikele kulesi simo?

Nakuba lesi simo singenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinakekele amehlo ethu futhi sinciphise ingozi:

• Ngaphambi kokuxhumana emehlweniGeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho.
• Uma ugqoka ama-contact lens, landela imiyalelo efanele yokuwasebenzisa nokuwahlanza. Ungawagqoki isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Wasuse uma ulele.
• Buza udokotela wakho ngokudla kanye nezithasiselo ezingasiza ekugcineni amehlo akho ephilile. Kubantu abane-AMD, kukhona uhlobo lwezithasiselo olubizwa ngokuthi i-AREDS 2 olungasiza ekumiseni noma ekulawuleni ukuqhubeka kwesifo ezigabeni zaso zokuqala.
• Landela imikhuba yokuphila enempilo. Lokhu kusho ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca njalo , nokugwema ukubhema. Uma unezinkinga zezempilo, njengesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, zilawule kahle.

Yini engalindelwa ngalesi simo?

Uma lokhu kwakheka kwemithambo yegazi okusha kungelashwa, ukubona kwakho kuzoncipha kancane kancane futhi ekugcineni kunyamalale. Lokho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yakho, akunjalo?

Kunezici eziningana ezithinta ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzophumelela yini. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuthi ihlule legazi likuphi, ukuthi libi kangakanani, ubudala bakho, nokuthi unezinye izinkinga zempilo. Uma lisheshe latholakala futhi lelashwa, umphumela uba ngcono.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ulahlekelwa umbono wakho ngokuzumayo, uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni, noma unomuzwa oshisayo emehlweni akho okwenza kube nzima ukubona ukukhanya, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Futhi, uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko embonweni wakho (isib., umbono ofiphele, amabala amnyama), noma ezinye izimpawu osola ukuthi zingaba yinkinga, bona udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho wamehlo. Uma usengozini yezinkinga ezithile zamehlo (isib. isifo sikashukela, umlando womndeni we-AMD), kungadingeka uye kaningi.

Ingabe "i-Neovascularization" kanye "ne-Angiogenesis" ziyizinto ezihlukene?

Lokhu kuyindaba ejulile kancane, kodwa ukukubeka kalula, `(Angiogenesis)` inqubo yemithambo yegazi emisha ephuma emithanjeni yegazi ekhona. `(Vasculogenesis)` inqubo yemithambo yegazi emisha eqala emaseli (njengokungathi iqala kusukela ekuqaleni). `(Neovascularization)` ingasetshenziswa ukudala imithambo yegazi emisha ngezindlela zombili. Ngakho-ke `(Neovascularization)` yigama elibanzi kancane, futhi lingahlanganisa zonke lezi zinhlobo zokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi emisha.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kule ndaba yilezi:

Ngakho-ke, sikhulume kakhulu ngalesi simo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Neovascularization of the Eye", lapho kwakheka khona imithambo yegazi emisha ngaphakathi kweso. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyesabisa kancane, uma kuqashelwa futhi kwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi lesi simo singalawulwa futhi umbono ungalondolozwa.

• Uma ubona ushintsho olungazelelwe embonweni, ebubomvu, ebuhlungwini, noma ubona ngokukhanya okukhulu, ungalibali. Bonana nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha.
• Uma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela, i-hyperopia, noma umlando womndeni we-AMD, hlola amehlo akho njalo njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho.
• Sebenzisa umuthi udokotela wakho awunikezayo ngqo, landela imiyalelo yakhe, futhi ungayeki ukwelashwa phakathi nesikhathi.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yamehlo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezifana ne-AMD kanye nesifo samehlo esinesifo sikashukela.
• Ukudla okunempilo kanye nokuzivocavoca njalo akukuhle emehlweni akho kuphela, kodwa nakuwo wonke umzimba wakho. Faka imifino eluhlaza, izithelo, nezinhlanzi ezicebile nge-omega-3 ekudleni kwakho.

Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu. Ayinsiza ebaluleke kakhulu esinayo yokubona umhlaba. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wakho ukuwanakekela kahle. Uma wazi kusengaphambili futhi uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo, ungagwema izinkinga eziningi.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwemithambo Yeso, Izifo Zamehlo, Umbono, I-Retina, I-Ophthalmology, Ukwelashwa Kwamehlo