Ziyini izimpawu ze-glaucoma? Ungazibona kanjani?
Ngokuvamile, i-glaucoma ayibangeli zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Ingena ngokunyenya njengesitha esicashile. Yingakho abantu abaningi eSri Lanka bengazi nokuthi bane-glaucoma. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela kuphela ngemva komonakalo ongenakulungiseka owenzekile esweni.Izimpawu ezivame ukubonakala:
Lezi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu:- Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ingcindezi emehlweni
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Amehlo abomvu noma abomvu
- Ukubona isithombe esisodwa njengezimbili, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi ``diplopia```
- Umbono ofiphele
- Ukungaboni kahle kancane kancane
- Ukukhula kancane kancane kwamabala amnyama embonweni (ama-scotomas) noma ukuncishiswa kwensimu yokubona, njengokungathi ubheka ngepayipi (umbono womhubhe). Cabanga ukuthi uma ufunda iphephandaba, izinhlamvu ezikolunye uhlangothi zibonakala zifiphele, noma uma uhamba emgwaqweni, uzizwa sengathi izinhlangothi zombili azicacile.
Izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo!
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma, ikakhulukazi i-angle-closure glaucoma, zingabangela izimpawu ezinzima ngokuzumayo.Ezimweni ezinjalo, kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha, noma kungase kube nokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela. Lezi yizimpawu zalesi simo esiphuthumayo:- Iqoqo legazi phambi kweso lakho elimnyama (hyphema)
- Amehlo avuvukele noma akhuphukile (i-buphthalmos) (lokhu kuthinta kakhulu izingane ezincane)
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okubangelwa ubuhlungu bamehlo /ukucindezeleka
- Uma ubheka izibani, ubona izindandatho ezinombala wothingo ezizungezile. Njengoba nje uma ushayela ebusuku, ubona iziyingi ezinemibala ezizungeze izibani zomgwaqo.
- Ukuvela okungazelelwe noma okwandayo kwama-floaters (myodesopsias) (amachashazi amancane amnyama, ama-floaters, njll.) phambi kwamehlo
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo nganoma iyiphi indlela
- Ukukhanya okungazelelwe phambi kwamehlo ( photopsias )
Kungani kuvela i-glaucoma? Iyini imbangela?
Imbangela eyinhloko ye-glaucoma ukulimala kwe-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso lakho . Lokhu kufana nekhebula elithwala lokho esikubonayo liye ebuchosheni. Kungenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, kodwa kunezinto eziningi ezifaka isandla kulesi simo. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu kulezi zici eziyingozi ukucindezela ngaphakathi kweso (ukucindezela kweso ngaphakathi kweso) . Cabanga ngale ndlela, uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-aqueous humor lukhiqizwa njalo ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu ukuze londle iso. Lolu ketshezi lugeleza ngeso elimnyama luye ngaphambili kweso. Esweni eliphilile, lolu ketshezi luphuma esweni ngenethiwekhi yezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-trabecular meshwork, lapho iso elimhlophe lihlangana khona neso elinombala (ingxenye enombala ezungeze iso elimnyama). Kufana nethangi lamanzi elinepayipi elinamathiselwe kulo ukuze likhiphe amanzi. Ku-glaucoma, uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi luyavinjelwa noma lumelana nokugeleza koketshezi. Lolu ketshezi alunandawo yokuya futhi luyanda ngaphakathi kweso. Lolu ketshezi oluningi luyanda, okubangela ukuba ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso ikhule. Ekugcineni, lokhu kucindezela okwandayo kungalimaza i-optic nerve yakho, okuholela ku-glaucoma. Imbangela yalokhu kwakheka koketshezi ngaphakathi kweso ingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwe-glaucoma onayo.Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-glaucoma?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-glaucoma, kodwa zingahlukaniswa kabanzi ngezigaba eziningana:- I-glaucoma eyinhloko evulekile: I-glaucoma evulekile yisimo lapho imisele yokukhipha amanzi, okuyizindawo lapho okumhlophe kweso kuhlangana khona nomphetho wangaphandle wengxenye enombala yeso, ivulekile. I-Aqueous humor igeleza kulezi misele futhi iphuma ekamelweni elingaphambili leso. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glaucoma.Okwenzekayo ukuthi imisele ivaleka kancane kancane, njengemisele yesinki egcwala kancane kancane uthuli. Lokhu kwenzeka kancane kangangokuthi kungase kungabi nazimpawu ekuqaleni.
- I-glaucoma eyinhloko yokuvalwa kwe-angle: Ngokuvamile, i-aqueous humor kufanele igeleze isuka ekamelweni elingemuva leso, idlule ku-sclera, iye ekamelweni elingaphambili. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ilensi yeso lakho iqhuma kakhulu phambili, ivimbele ukugeleza koketshezi nge-sclera. Uketshezi oluningi ekamelweni elingemuva lungasunduza i-sclera phambili, lunciphise noma luvale ngokuphelele i-engeli lapho uketshezi luphuma khona. Lokhu kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo, esingazelelwe. Iso lingase libe bomvu futhi libe buhlungu.
- I-glaucoma yesibili: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi esweni ikhuphuka ngenxa yesinye isimo noma isenzakalo. Isibonelo, kungabangelwa ukulimala kwamehlo (cabanga ngebhola lekhilikithi elishaya iso), i-pigmentary dispersion syndrome (izingcezu ezincane ze-pigment esweni eziphuka futhi zivale umsele wokukhipha amanzi), i-uveitis (ukuvuvukala kwengaphakathi leso), imithi ethile (ikakhulukazi ama-corticosteroids kanye ne-cycloplegics), kanye nokuhlinzwa kwamehlo.
- I-Congenital glaucoma: Lena yi-glaucoma ekhula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, okungukuthi, lapho umntwana esesibelethweni. Isibonelo, izimo ezifana ne-aniridia (i-iris yeso ayakheki kahle), i-Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, i-Marfan syndrome, i-congenital rubella syndrome, kanye ne-neurofibromatosis type 1 zingabangela lokhu. Lesi yisimo esikhona lapho kuzalwa, futhi uma amehlo engane amakhulu, enamanzi, noma ezwela ukukhanya, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izinto ezingabangela i-glaucoma?
Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezingathinta ukukhula kwe-glaucoma. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:- Ubudala: Izinhlobo eziningi ze-glaucoma zithinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40. (I-Congenital glaucoma iyona engavamile kakhulu kulokhu.) Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-10% abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 bane-glaucoma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubalulekile ukuyinakekela njengoba ukhula.
- Uhlanga/Ozalo: Abantu bomdabu base-Afrika, ikakhulukazi labo bomdabu base-Afro-Caribbean, basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola i-glaucoma evulekile eyinhloko. Abantu base-Asia (kuhlanganise nathi) kanye nabakwa-Inuit nabo basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-glaucoma evaliwe ekhoneni.
- Ubulili:Abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-angle-closure glaucoma. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokungafani kobulili esakhiweni seso.
- Amaphutha okubona eduze: Abantu ababona eduze, noma i-myopia, basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-open-angle glaucoma. Ngokufanayo, abantu ababona eduze, noma i-hyperopia, basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-angle-closure glaucoma.
- Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi umama wakho, ubaba, ingane, noma umfowenu, eke waba ne-glaucoma, usengozini enkulu yokuba nayo. Lokhu kufana nendlela izifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme ezivame ukwenzeka ngayo emindenini yethu. Ezinye izimo ezibangela i-glaucoma yesibili nazo ziyizakhi zofuzo.
- Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona: Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi abantu abanezifo ezithile ezingamahlalakhona, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela, basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-glaucoma. Ngakho-ke uma unalezi zifo, kuhle ukuthi amehlo akho azilawule kahle.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-glaucoma?
Cabanga ukuthi bekuzokwenzekani uma ungatholi ukwelashwa ukulawula ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso lakho. Uma lokho kwenzeka, i-glaucoma ingalimaza i-retina yakho kanye ne-optic nerve, ekugcineni ibangele ukuthi ziyeke ukusebenza. Yilokhu okubangela inkinga enkulu ye-glaucoma, okuwukulahlekelwa umbono kanye nokungaboni ngokuphelele ekugcineni. Umphumela wokugcina yilokho ochwepheshe abakubiza ngokuthi i-absolute glaucoma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iso elithintekile liba yimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Lingazizwa liqinile, njengetshe, uma ulithinta, futhi lingase libe buhlungu.Ihlolwa kanjani i-glaucoma?
Udokotela wamehlo angaxilonga i-glaucoma ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuhlolwa kwamehlo kungathola i-glaucoma ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu noma umonakalo emehlweni akho. Phakathi nalokhu kuhlolwa, umfundi wakho uyavuleka (i-mydriasis), okuvumela udokotela ukuthi abone ngaphakathi kweso lakho. Nazi ezinye zezivivinyo eziyinhloko ezingasiza ekuxilongeni i-glaucoma:- Ukuhlolwa kokubona kahle - ukuhlola ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani (ngokukucela ukuthi ufunde umugqa wezinhlamvu).
- Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo - Ukuhlola ububanzi bokubona kwakho nokuthi uyakwazi yini ukubona izinhlangothi zombili.
- Ukuhlolwa kokubona okujulile
- I-Tonometry - Ukulinganisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi evuthela umoya esweni noma ngokuthinta iso.
- I-Pachymetry - Ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea, ingxenye esobala ngaphambili kweso.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe - Ukuhlolwa okukhulisiwe kwezingxenye ezahlukene zeso kusetshenziswa imakroskopu ekhethekile.
- I-Gonioscopy - Ilensi ekhethekile ibekwa esweni ukuze kuhlolwe i-engeli lapho uketshezi luphuma khona.
- `I-optical coherence tomography (OCT)` - Lokhu kuskena izendlalelo ezithambile ngaphakathi kweso, ikakhulukazi ukujiya kwemicu yenzwa ye-optic.
- I-Fluorescein angiography - ukuhlolwa kokubheka imithambo yegazi esweni.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound `(Ultrasound)`
- Akuvamile ukuthi kwenziwe i-computed tomography (CT) scan noma i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-glaucoma?
Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe-glaucoma ukunciphisa ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso) nokuvimbela lesi sifo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu . Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko ezingasiza ngalokhu:- Imithi: Lena imithi enciphisa kakhulu ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso lakho. Uma ingcindezi yeso lakho iphakeme kunokujwayelekile (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'umfutho wegazi ophakeme wamehlo'), le mithi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni i-glaucoma ukuthi ingaveli noma ivimbele umonakalo ongabangela izimpawu. Lokhu kungafika njengamaconsi noma amaphilisi emehlweni. Kubalulekile ukuthatha le mithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Glaucoma: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kwenzelwe ukusiza i-aqueous humor ukuthi ikhiphe kalula futhi inciphise ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kufaka phakathi i-trabeculectomy (ukudala indlela entsha yokuthi uketshezi lukhiphe), ama-tube shunts (ukufaka ithubhu elincane esweni ukuze kukhishwe uketshezi), ukwelashwa nge-laser (ukusebenzisa i-laser ukuvula uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi), kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma okuncane kakhulu (i-MIGS).
Iyini inhloso ye-glaucoma?
Eqinisweni, uma ingelashwa, i-glaucoma ingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela kanye nobumpumputhe. Kodwa ngokwelashwa, lesi sifo singalawulwa noma simiswe ekubeni sibi kakhulu . Kodwa njengoba lokhu kungahluka kumuntu nomuntu, umuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngalokhu udokotela wakho wamehlo. Angakutshela ukuthi isimo sakho sinjani nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usiguqule.Ingabe i-glaucoma ingavinjelwa?
Ngeshwa, i-glaucoma ayinakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, i-glaucoma ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele.Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwamehlo nokuvimbela noma ukulibazisa ukulahleka kokubona. Kunezinto eziningana ezibalulekile ongazenza ukusiza:- Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo : Ungathola umfutho ophezulu ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu ze-glaucoma. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho wamehlo ukuvimbela i-glaucoma ukuthi ingabi yimbi kakhulu, noma okungenani yehlise ijubane layo. Kungumqondo omuhle ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho okungenani kanye ngonyaka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40, ikakhulukazi uma unomlando womndeni we-glaucoma.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme emehlweni: Uma ingcindezi engaphakathi kwamehlo akho iphakeme kunokuvamile, udokotela wakho wamehlo uzosikisela izinketho zokwelapha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sabo. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuvimbela noma okungenani ukulibazise ukulahlekelwa umbono.
- Yazi futhi ulawule izici zakho eziyingozi: Ungazama ukulawula noma ukuvimbela izimo ezithile, njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme nesifo sikashukela. Futhi, ukusebenzisa izinto ezifana nezibuko zokuphepha kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwamehlo.
Uma ngine-glaucoma, yini engingayenza ukuze ngizisize?
Uma une-glaucoma, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wamehlo yokwelapha nokuphatha lesi simo . Angase futhi akuncomele izinguquko ezithile endleleni yakho yokuphila nasemikhubeni yakho. Lokhu kungafaka:- Ungazinaki izimpawu ezintsha noma izinguquko embonweni.
- Ukugcina isisindo sakho siphilile.
- Ukuhlala uvivinya umzimba (kodwa buza udokotela wakho ngezivivinyo okufanele uzigweme, njengoba ezinye izivivinyo, njenge-yoga ubheke phansi, zingandisa ukucindezeleka kwamehlo).
- Ukuyombona njengoba udokotela encoma.
Kufanele ngifune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma, njenge-angle-closure glaucoma, zingakhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo ohlala njalo kanye nokulahlekelwa umbono. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziqala ngokuzumayo noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, zihlole ngokushesha:- Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ingcindezi yamehlo
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu
- Ukubona kabili (i-diplopia) noma umbono ofiphele
- Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza okubangelwa ubuhlungu/ukucindezeleka kwamehlo
- Ukubona izindandatho ezinombala wothingo zizungeze izibani
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo nganoma iyiphi indlela
- Ukukhanya kuqala ukubonakala phambi kwamehlo.
- Ukuqala noma ukwanda kokubonakala kwezinto ezintantayo phambi kwamehlo (i-myodesopsias)
Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami wamehlo?
Kungumqondo omuhle ukubuza udokotela wakho wamehlo imibuzo efana nale:- Uhlobo luni lwe-glaucoma enginalo?
- Iyini imbangela ye-glaucoma yami?
- Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo, futhi yini oyincomayo?
- Yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa yokwelashwa?
- Yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko okufanele ngizishayele ehhovisi lakho noma ngifune iseluleko sezokwelapha?
Ungesabi ukubuza le mibuzo. Uma uqonda kangcono isimo sakho, kulapho-ke uzokwazi ukusekela ukwelashwa nokuvikela umbono wakho.Kwabaningi bethu, ukubona kwethu kuyinto ebalulekile ngempela, mhlawumbe ngisho nebaluleke kakhulu, empilweni. Ngakho-ke kungokwemvelo ukwesaba nokukhathazeka ngokulahlekelwa ukubona ngenxa yesimo esifana ne-glaucoma. Kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-glaucoma yisimo esingatholakala futhi selashwe kusenesikhathi. Uma usheshe usithole lesi sifo futhi uqale ukwelashwa, amathuba akho okusivimba ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu. Nakuba singenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, ngokuvamile singalibazisa ukuqala kwemiphumela emibi iminyaka, ngisho namashumi eminyaka.
Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule kulesi sihloko (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Kulungile, nansi eminye yemibono okufanele uyikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho nge-glaucoma:- I-glaucoma ingaba yisifo esingabonakali: kungenzeka singabangeli zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi.
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyisivikelo esingcono kakhulu: Uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungavimbela kakhulu ukulahlekelwa ukubona okwengeziwe.
- Qaphela izici eziyingozi: Uma unomlando womndeni walesi simo, uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 ubudala, noma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kudingeka uqaphele kakhudlwana.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo: Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-glaucoma, kubalulekile ukulandela imithi nemiyalelo enikezwe udokotela wakho ngqo.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu eziphuthumayo: Uma uzwa ubuhlungu bamehlo obungazelelwe, umbono ofiphele, noma ubona indandatho ezungeze izibani, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu kakhulu kuwe. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wakho ukuwanakekela. Ungesabi, uma wazi futhi uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo, ungaphila kahle ngisho noma une-glaucoma.
I- Glaucoma, ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, isifo samehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ubumpumputhe, inzwa yokubona, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo
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