Wake wake wema ukucabanga ngokuthi ukubona kwakho kuyigugu kangakanani ngempela? Nakuba amehlo ethu eyindlela yethu yokubuka umhlaba, ngezinye izikhathi angathinteka buthule yizimo ezibucayi. Esinye sezimo ezinjalo yi-glaucoma. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kwesabisa, ukukuqonda kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuvikeleni umbono wakho.
Kalula nje, i-glaucoma iyiqembu lezimo zamehlo lapho ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso lakho ikhula kancane kancane, ilimaze izakhiwo ezibucayi ngemuva kweso, ikakhulukazi i-optic nerve. Cabanga ngayo njengethayi eligcwele umoya—lapho ingcindezi yangaphakathi iba phezulu kakhulu, ibangela umonakalo. I-Glaucoma ivame ukukhula kancane, iba yimbi kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Uma ingaphathwa, ingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ibe yimpumputhe. Eqinisweni, i-glaucoma iyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe emhlabeni jikelele.
Ukuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-glaucoma noma ukuzwa ukuthi usengozini kungaba yinto eqeda amandla. Sithembela ekuboneni kwethu cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo, futhi umcabango wokulahlekelwa yiwo uyesabeka ngokwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezinhle kakhulu ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi ze-glaucoma ziyelapheka, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala kusenesikhathi. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kanye nokuqapha okuqhubekayo, unganciphisa noma uvimbele ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-glaucoma, futhi ungazibona kanjani?
Ezigabeni zokuqala, i-glaucoma ivame ukungabi nazimpawu nhlobo . Isebenza njengesela elingaboni kahle. Yingakho abantu abaningi bengazi ukuthi banayo kuze kube yilapho sekuvele umonakalo omkhulu, ongenakuguqulwa.
Izimpawu ezivame ukubonwa:
Nakuba uvame ukuthula, qaphela lezi zinkomba ezingaba khona:
- Ukuzwa ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka emehlweni
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda
- Ukubomvu kwamehlo
- Ukubona kabili (i-diplopia)
- Umbono ofiphele
- Ukwehla kancane kancane kokubona okubonakalayo
- Ukukhula kwezindawo ezingaboni (ama-scotomas) noma umuzwa "wokubona ngemihubhe," lapho ukubona kwakho okuzungezile kuvinjelwe khona. Isibonelo, ungase uphawule izingxenye zamagama ezingekho ngenkathi ufunda, noma ungase uzizwe sengathi awukwazi ukubona kahle kunoma yiluphi uhlangothi ngenkathi uhamba.
Izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo!
Izinhlobo ezithile, njenge-angle-closure glaucoma, zingabangela izimpawu ezisheshayo nezinzima. Kulezi zimo, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe ukuze uvimbele ubumpumputhe obuhlala njalo. Izimpawu eziphuthumayo zifaka:
- Ukubuthana kwegazi phambi kwe-iris (hyphema)
- Amehlo amakhulu noma ukuvuvukala (i-buphthalmos, ikakhulukazi ebonakala ezinganeni)
- Ubuhlungu bamehlo obuhambisana nokucasuka nokuhlanza
- Ukubona ama-halo anombala wothingo azungeze izibani, njengalapho ushayela ebusuku
- Ukuqala noma ukwanda okungazelelwe kwezinto ezintantayo (amabala amancane amnyama noma izimo ezifana nentambo)
- Noma yikuphi ukulahlekelwa umbono okungazelelwe, okungachazeki
- Ukukhanya okungazelelwe ensimini yakho yokubona ( i-photopsias )
Kungani kwenzeka i-glaucoma?
Imbangela eyinhloko ye-glaucoma ukulimala kwe-optic nerve , esebenza njengekhebula elibalulekile elidlulisela ulwazi olubonakalayo oluvela esweni lakho luye ebuchosheni bakho. Nakuba lokhu kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, isici esiyingozi kakhulu ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphezulu ngaphakathi kweso .
Amehlo ethu ngokwemvelo akhiqiza uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi i-aqueous humor ukuze londle izicubu. Esweni eliphilile, lolu ketshezi luphuma ohlelweni olufana ne-mesh olubizwa ngokuthi i-trabecular meshwork. Cabanga ngalo njengethangi lamanzi elinepayipi lokukhipha amanzi; uma ipayipi livalekile, amanzi ayaphakama. Ku-glaucoma, imigudu yokukhipha amanzi iyavimbeka noma imelane nokugeleza koketshezi, okubangela ukuba luqongelelane ngaphakathi kweso, kukhuphule ingcindezi futhi ekugcineni kulimaze i-optic nerve.
Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-glaucoma?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana, kodwa ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa kanje:
- I-glaucoma eyinhloko evulekile: Lena yindlela evame kakhulu. Kwenzeka lapho i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi ihlala ivulekile, kodwa i-meshwork ivaleka kancane kancane, njengokugcwala komsele wesinki ngodoti. Ngenxa yokuthi iqhubeka kancane kakhulu, ivame ukungabonakalisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala.
- I-glaucoma eyinhloko yokuvala i-angle: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-iris isunduzelwa phambili, inciphisa noma ivimba ngokuphelele i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi. Ilensi yeso ingase isuke iye phambili, ivimbele uketshezi ukuthi ludlule. Lesi ngokuvamile yisimo esiphuthumayo esivelela ngokushesha esibonakala ngobuhlungu obukhulu beso kanye nokubomvu.
- I-glaucoma yesibili: Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezinye izinkinga eziyisisekelo, njengokulimala kwamehlo, i-pigmentary dispersion syndrome, izimo zokuvuvukala njenge-uveitis, ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile (njenge-corticosteroids), noma izinkinga zangemva kokuhlinzwa.
- I-glaucoma yokuzalwa: Lolu hlobo lukhona kusukela ekuzalweni ngenxa yezimo ezingavamile zokukhula (njenge-aniridia, i-Marfan syndrome, noma i-congenital rubella syndrome). Uma ubona amehlo engane yakho ebonakala emakhulu ngendlela engavamile, ehlala emanzi, noma ebonakala ezwela ukukhanya, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Yiziphi izici eziyingozi ze-glaucoma?
Kunezici eziningana eziyingozi ezibangela ukuvela kwe-glaucoma. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezo:
- Ubudala: Izinhlobo eziningi ze-glaucoma zithinta labo abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40 (i-glaucoma yokuzalwa iyinto engavamile kulokhu). Ochwepheshe balinganisela ukuthi cishe abantu abayi-10% abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-75 bane-glaucoma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi njengoba ukhula, kuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela impilo yamehlo akho.
- Ubuzwe/Ifa: Abantu bomdabu base-Afrika, ikakhulukazi labo abazalwa e-Afrika-eCaribbean, basengozini enkulu kakhulu yokuthola i-glaucoma evulekile eyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, labo abazalwa e-Asia nase-Inuit basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-glaucoma evaliwe ekhoneni.
- Ubulili: Abesifazane basengozini enkulu yokuthola i-angle-closure glaucoma. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yokwehluka kobulili obuthile ekwakhiweni kwamehlo.
- Amaphutha Okubona Okuseduze: Uma une-myopia (ukubona okuseduze), usengozini enkulu ye-open-angle glaucoma. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma une-hyperopia (ukubona okukude), usengozini enkulu ye-angle-closure glaucoma.
- Umlando Womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho—ikakhulukazi umzali, ingane, noma umfowenu noma umfowabo—eke waba ne-glaucoma, ingozi yakho iyanda. Njengezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, lokhu kungaba yingxenye yofuzo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma yesibili nazo ziwufuzo.
- Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona: Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi abantu abanezimo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo sikashukela banengozi enkulu yokuthola i-glaucoma. Ukuphatha lezi zimo ngempumelelo kubalulekile ekuvikeleni umbono wakho.
Yiziphi izinkinga ze-glaucoma?
Cabanga ngokuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso lakho ingalawulwa. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-glaucoma ilimaza i-retina yakho kanye ne-optic nerve, ekugcineni iholele ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza.Yingakho inkinga eyinhloko ye-glaucoma iwukulahlekelwa umbono, okungagcina sekuphenduke ubumpumputhe obuphelele.
Umphumela wokugcina, ovame ukubizwa ngochwepheshe ngokuthi i-absolute glaucoma, uholela ekubeni yimpumputhe ngokuphelele esweni elithintekile. Iso lingase lizwakale lilukhuni uma ulithinta, ngezinye izikhathi lihambisana nobuhlungu obukhulu.
Ihlolwa kanjani i-glaucoma?
Udokotela wamehlo angakwazi ukubona i-glaucoma ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukubona i-glaucoma ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele noma yiziphi izimpawu nangaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu. Phakathi nokuhlolwa okuningi, udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa amaconsi ukuze andise (i-mydriasis) ama-pupil akho, okuwavumela ukuthi athole umbono ocacile ngaphakathi kweso lakho.
Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kokuxilonga kufaka phakathi:
- Ukuhlolwa kokubona kahle: Ukuhlola ukuthi ubona kahle kangakanani emabangeni ahlukahlukene.
- Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo: Ukuhlola umbono wakho ongaphandle kanye nobubanzi bokubona.
- Ukuhlolwa kokubona okujulile.
- I-Tonometry: Ukulinganisa ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso lakho. Lokhu kusebenzisa umoya omncane noma ithuluzi elikhethekile elithinta iso ngobumnene.
- I-Pachymetry: Ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea yakho, ingxenye ecacile yangaphambili yeso lakho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esiqhekekile: Ukusebenzisa imakroskopu ekhethekile ukuhlola izakhiwo zeso lakho ngokuningiliziwe.
- I-Gonioscopy: Ukusebenzisa ilensi ekhethekile ukuhlola i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi esweni lakho.
Uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi umonakalo ku-retina noma ku-optic nerve yakho, angase ancome ukuthi kuthathwe izithombe zamehlo ezithuthukisiwe, njenge:
- I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Iskena izendlalelo ezithambile zeso, ikakhulukazi ukujiya kwezintambo zemizwa ze-optic.
- I-Fluorescein angiography: Ukuhlolwa kokuhlola imithambo yegazi emehlweni akho.
- Izithombe ze-ultrasound.
- Ezimweni ezingavamile: Ukuskena kwe-CT noma ukuskena kwe-MRI.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-glaucoma?
Uma welapha i-glaucoma, umgomo oyinhloko ukwehlisa ingcindezi yakho yangaphakathi kwamehlo ukuze uvimbele lesi sifo ukuthi singaqhubeki. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha eziyinhloko:
- Imithi: Le mithi inikezwa ngokuyinhloko ukwehlisa umfutho wamehlo. Uma une-hypertension yamehlo, le mithi isiza ekuvimbeleni ukuqala kwe-glaucoma noma ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe. Ngokuvamile inikezwa ngamaconsi amehlo noma imithi yomlomo. Kubalulekile ukuthi usebenzise le mithi njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
- Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Glaucoma: Lezi zinqubo zihlose ukwenza lula ukukhishwa kwamanzi ukuze kwehliswe umfutho wamehlo. Izinketho zifaka phakathi i-trabeculectomy (ukudala indlela entsha yokukhipha amanzi), ama-tube shunts (ukufaka i-drainage tube encane), ukwelashwa nge-laser (ukusebenzisa ama-laser ukususa ukuvaleka), kanye nokuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma okuncane kakhulu (i-MIGS).
Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwe-glaucoma onayo kanye nobukhulu bomonakalo. Udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumlingani wakho ongcono kakhulu ekukhetheni isu elisebenza kahle kakhulu ngezidingo zakho ezithile.
Iyini inhloso yokuphila ne-glaucoma?
I-glaucoma engelashwanga ngokungenakugwenywa iholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela kanye nobumpumputhe. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, uvame ukunciphisa noma ukuvimba ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngenxa yokuthi icala lesiguli ngasinye lihlukile, kufanele uxoxe ngesimo sakho kanye nohlelo lokuphatha nodokotela wakho wamehlo eNirogi Lanka.
Ingabe i-glaucoma ingavinjelwa?
Ngeshwa, i-glaucoma ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni ukucindezeleka kwamehlo futhi kuvimbele noma kubambezele kakhulu ukulahlekelwa umbono. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile ongazithatha zifaka:
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile: Lokhu kungabona ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okuphezulu ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.Uma usudlule iminyaka engu-40, ikakhulukazi uma kunomlando we-glaucoma emndenini wakho, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo minyaka yonke.
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi ophakeme emehlweni: Uma umfutho wegazi wakho uphakeme kunojwayelekile, landela izincomo zikadokotela wakho ngokuqinile ukuze uvikele umbono wakho.
- Ukulawula izici eziyingozi: Ukuphatha izimo ezingamahlalakhona njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nesifo sikashukela kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sebenzisa njalo izibuko zamehlo ezivikelayo ukuvimbela ukulimala kwamehlo.
Uma uzwa ubuhlungu bamehlo obungazelelwe, obukhulu noma ukulahlekelwa umbono, sicela uvakashele umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo oseduze nawe ngokushesha.
Uma ngine-glaucoma, ngingazisiza kanjani?
Uma utholakale une-glaucoma, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo kadokotela wakho wamehlo mayelana nokwelashwa nokuphathwa kwezifo. Bangase basikisele ukulungiswa okuthile endleleni yakho yokuphila noma emikhubeni. Lezi zincomo zingafaka:
- Ungalokothi uzishaye indiva izimpawu ezintsha noma izinguquko embonweni wakho.
- Ukugcina isisindo somzimba siphilile.
- Ukuhlala uvivinya umzimba (noma kunjalo, buza udokotela wakho njalo ukuthi yikuphi ukuvivinya umzimba okufanele ukugweme , njengoba imisebenzi ethile efana nokuma kwe-yoga okuguquliwe ingakhuphula ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwamehlo).
- Ukuya kuzo zonke izikhathi zokulandelela njengoba kunconywe uchwepheshe wakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ubona izimpawu ezintsha, unomuzwa wokuthi ukwelashwa kwakho akusebenzanga kahle, noma uhlangabezana nemiphumela emibi ephazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke, sicela uxhumane nodokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Kufanele ngifune nini usizo lwezokwelapha?
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-glaucoma, njenge-angle-closure glaucoma, zithuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela, kudingeka usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha . Funa usizo oluphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uzwa izimpawu ezilandelayo ziqala ngokuzumayo noma ziba zimbi kakhulu:
- Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ingcindezi yamehlo
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
- Ukubona kabili (i-diplopia) noma umbono ofiphele
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza okuhambisana nobuhlungu/ukucindezeleka kwamehlo
- Ukubona amasongo anemibala (ama-halo) azungeze izibani
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo nganoma yiluphi uhlobo
- Ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo
- Ukuqala ngokuzumayo noma ukwanda okukhulu kwama-floaters (myodesopsias)
Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami wamehlo?
Kuwusizo ukubuza udokotela wakho wamehlo imibuzo elandelayo:
- Uhlobo luni lwe-glaucoma enginalo?
- Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ye-glaucoma yami?
- Yiziphi izindlela zami zokwelapha, futhi yiziphi ozincomayo?
- Yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma izinkinga ezingaba khona zokwelashwa?
- Yiziphi izimpawu noma izinguquko ezithile okufanele zingishukumisele ukuthi ngishayele ihhovisi lakho noma ngifune usizo oluphuthumayo?
Ungangabazi ukubuza le mibuzo. Uma uqonda kangcono isimo sakho, uzokwazi ukusekela kangcono uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa futhi uvikele amehlo akho ayigugu.
Kwabaningi bethu, ukubona kwethu kungenye yezinzwa zethu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kujwayelekile ngokuphelele ukuzizwa ukhathazekile noma ukhathazekile ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ungaboni kahle ngenxa yesimo esifana ne-glaucoma. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-glaucoma iyisimo esingelapheka kakhulu uma sitholakala kusenesikhathi. Uma usheshe usithole lesi sifo futhi uqala ukwelashwa, amathuba akho okuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwaso ayanda. Nakuba lesi sifo singenakukwazi ukuhlehliswa njalo, ukwelashwa kuvame ukulibazisa ukulahleka okukhulu kokubona ngeminyaka eminingi, noma ngisho namashumi eminyaka.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
Ukuze sifingqe lokho esixoxe ngakho nge-glaucoma, khumbula la maphuzu abalulekile:
- I-Glaucoma ingaba yisela "elithule": Ingase ivele ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma unezici eziyingozi.
- Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kuyindlela yakho engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela: Uma kutholakale kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kungalawula kakhulu ukuqhubeka komonakalo wokubona.
- Hlala unolwazi ngezinto eziyingozi: Uma unomlando womndeni, uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, noma unezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu.
- Ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezeluleko zezokwelapha kubalulekile: Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-glaucoma, kubalulekile ukulandela imithi kadokotela wakho kanye nohlelo lokunakekelwa ngokunembile.
- Ungazinaki izimpawu eziphuthumayo: Uma uzwa ubuhlungu bamehlo obungazelelwe, umbono ofiphele, noma ama-halo azungeze izibani, funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo noma kuchwepheshe wakho.
Khumbula, amehlo akho ayigugu. Ukuwavikela kuwumthwalo wemfanelo onayo. Hlala unamandla, unolwazi, futhi uzimisele—ungaphila impilo egcwele ngenkathi uphatha i-glaucoma ngempumelelo ngokusekelwa yiNirogi Lanka.
Amagama angukhiye: I-Glaucoma, ukucindezeleka kwamehlo, izifo zamehlo, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ubumpumputhe, inzwa yokubona, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo
