Ingabe unezinkinga ngesimiso sakho sezinzwa? Ake sixoxe ngodokotela wezinzwa!

Uhlelo lwezinzwa luhlelo olumangalisayo kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Lulawula konke esikucabangayo, esikuzwayo nesikwenzayo. Ngakho-ke ngisho nenkinga encane kulesi simiso sezinzwa ingaphazamisa usuku lwethu lonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabhekana nezinto ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokungazweli ezithweni zakho. Yilapho-ke lapho kudingeka sicabange khona ngodokotela wezinzwa.

Ungubani lo dokotela wezinzwa?

Kalula nje, udokotela wezinzwa ungudokotela oxilonga, elapha, futhi aphathe izifo ezihlobene nobuchopho bethu , umgogodla, kanye nemizwa emzimbeni wethu wonke . Uhlelo lwezinzwa lufana 'nesikhungo somyalo' womzimba wethu. Konke esikucabangayo, esikuzwayo, nesikwenzayo, kusukela endleleni esishukumisa ngayo izandla zethu kuya endleleni inhliziyo yethu eshaya ngayo, kulawulwa yilolu hlelo. Ngakho-ke laba odokotela baqonda kahle isakhiwo, umsebenzi, kanye nezifo zohlelo lwezinzwa.

Ngakho-ke bakhona yini odokotela bezinzwa bezingane ezincane?

Yebo, ngempela! Ngisho nezingane ezincane zingaba nezinkinga ngesimiso sazo sezinzwa. Udokotela wezinzwa wezingane ungudokotela oxilonga futhi elapha izifo zobuchopho kanye nesimiso sezinzwa zezingane, kusukela ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa kuya ezinganeni ezincane. Kanye nezinye izifo ezithinta abantu abadala, laba odokotela banaka kakhulu izimo zofuzo nezokukhula eziqondene nezingane. Cabanga nje, ezinye izingane zingazalwa zinezinkinga ezithile zobuchopho. Yilapho lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu khona.

Ubani udokotela wezinzwa?

Kungaba nokudideka lapha. Udokotela wezinzwa kanye nodokotela wezinzwa bangabantu ababili abahlukene. Udokotela wezinzwa udokotela owenza ukuhlinzwa ebuchosheni, emgogodleni, kanye nasezinzwa. Kunezifo ezithile zezinzwa ezingenakuphulukiswa ngemithi yodwa futhi ezidinga ukuhlinzwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kudingeka izinsizakalo zikadokotela wezinzwa. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, kuba udokotela wezinzwa oqala ukuxilonga lesi sifo, futhi uma kudingeka, adlulisele isiguli kudokotela ohlinzayo.

Hlobo luni lwezifo ezelashwa udokotela wezinzwa?

Eqinisweni, uhla lwezifo eziphathwa yisazi sezinzwa lubanzi kakhulu. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa ezibaluleke kakhulu.

• Isifo i-Alzheimer's kanye nezinye izifo zokulahlekelwa yingqondo: Cishe uke wezwa ngalesi sifo. Uphawu oluyinhloko ukulahlekelwa kancane kancane kwenkumbulo njengoba ukhula.
• I-ALS (i-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis): Lesi yisifo lapho imisipha yomzimba iba buthaka kancane kancane.
• Ukulimala kobuchopho nomgogodla noma ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi: Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke uma ushayeka ekhanda engozini noma uma kwenzeka okuthile emgogodleni wakho.
• I-Cerebral Aneurysms kanye ne-Arteriovenous Malformations: Lezi yizimo eziyingozi kakhulu ezingabangela ukopha ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo Nokuphazamiseka Kwemithambo: Lokhu kungatholakala esemncane.
• Ukushaywa yikhanda: Umphumela wesikhashana ebuchosheni obangelwa ukushaywa ekhanda. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenkathi udlala imidlalo.
• I-Encephalitis: Ukutheleleka okubangelwa yigciwane elingena ebuchosheni, okubangela ubuchopho ukuba buvuvuke.
• Isifo Sokuxhuzula: Sibizwa nangokuthi ukuxhuzula, sibangelwa ushintsho emsebenzini kagesi wobuchopho.
• Izimpawu zobuhlungu bobuso: Abanye abantu bazwa ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki kolunye uhlangothi lobuso babo.
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda/Izinso: Lena inkinga abantu abaningi abanayo. Ezinye izinhlungu zekhanda zinzima kakhulu.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Ukuqongelela kwamanzi ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• I-Meningitis: Ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungeze ubuchopho okubangelwa ukutheleleka.
• Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo nokuziphatha: Ezinye izinkinga zengqondo zingathinteka futhi yizinguquko ohlelweni lwezinzwa.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis: Lesi yisifo esibangela umonakalo embozweni wokuvikela ozungeze imicu yezinzwa.
• I-Myasthenia Gravis kanye ne-Myopathies: Lezi yizifo ezenza imisipha ibe buthaka.
• Ubuhlungu bentamo, umhlane, nomgogodla: Abantu abaningi bahlushwa yilezi zinhlungu.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuthuthumela kanye nokunyakaza okuhamba kancane.
• I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Ukulimala kwemizwa ezithweni. Lokhu kungenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• Izinkinga zokulala: Ukungalali kahle nakho kungaba yinkinga yezinzwa.
• Isifo sohlangothi: Isimo esenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni kuphazamiseka noma umthambo wegazi uqhuma.
• Ukuthuthumela, i-Dystonia: Izinto ezinjengokuthuthumela kwamalungu, ukunyakazisa izingxenye ezithile zomzimba ngokungazi.
• Izimila ebuchosheni, emgogodleni, kanye nasezinzwa: Lokhu kudinga futhi ukunakwa ngudokotela wezinzwa.

Udokotela wezinzwa uhlonza kanjani ngokunembile isifo?

Uma ubona udokotela wezinzwa, uzoqala ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukuthi ukhona yini emndenini wakho oke waba nesimo esifanayo, ukuthi imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo, kanye nezimpawu zakho zamanje . Ngemuva kwalokho, bazokwenza ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwesistimu yakho yezinzwa. Izinto eziyinhloko abazozifuna yilezi:

• Ibhalansi yomzimba wakho, ukusabela komzimba, kanye nokuhamba kwawo.
• Amandla emisipha yakho.
• Isimo sakho sengqondo.
• Ukubona kwakho, ukuzwa kwakho, kanye nekhono lakho lokukhuluma.
• EyakhoImizwa yomzimba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo kungenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ubukhali besifo noma kuhlolwe amazinga emithi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi lesi sifo siwufuzo yini. Izifundo zokuthatha izithombe zingenziwa futhi ukuze kuthathwe izithombe zesimiso sezinzwa. Konke lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola uhlobo oluqondile lwesifo.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa yilaba odokotela bezinzwa?

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlolwa ezingasetshenziswa ukuhlonza ngokunembile isimo sezinzwa. Akuwona wonke umuntu odinga ukuba nazo zonke lezi zivivinyo. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele azenze ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo.

• I-Angiography: Lokhu kuhlola ukuvinjelwa, umonakalo, noma ukungasebenzi kahle emithanjeni yegazi ebuchosheni bakho, ekhanda, nasentanyeni. Kungabona izinto ezifana nama-aneurysms kanye nama-blood clots.
• I-Biopsy: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha ingxenye encane yezicubu emzimbeni ukuze ihlolwe. Kungaba imisipha, imizwa, noma izicubu zobuchopho.
• Ukuhlaziywa koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal: Kuthathwa isampula encane yoketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla futhi luhlolwe. Lokhu kusiza ukuthola izinto ezifana nokopha ebuchosheni, ukutheleleka, izifo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, kanye nezifo ze-metabolic.
• I-CT Scan (I-Computed Tomography - CT), I-MRI Scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI), Ama-X-ray, kanye ne-Ultrasound: Cishe uke wezwa ngalokhu. Lezi yizinhlobo ze-scan ezithatha izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalography - i-EEG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi ebuchosheni bakho. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto ezifana nokuquleka, izifo (njenge-encephalitis), ukulimala kobuchopho, kanye nezimila.
• I-EMG (i-Electromyography - i-EMG): Lokhu kulinganisa umsebenzi kagesi wemisipha. Kungasiza ekuxilongeni izinkinga zemizwa nemisipha, ukucindezelwa komgogodla, kanye nezifo ze-motor neuron ezifana ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• I-ENG (i-Electronystagmography - ENG): Leli qembu lezivivinyo libheka izinto ezifana nokunyakaza kwamehlo okuzenzakalelayo, isiyezi, kanye nezinkinga zokulinganisela.
• Amathuba Avuselelwe: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi izimpawu zikagesi ezivela emehlweni akho, ezindlebeni, noma ekuthintweni kwesikhumba ziya ngokushesha nangokunembile kangakanani ebuchosheni. Kungabona izimo ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis, i-acoustic neuroma, kanye nokulimala komgogodla.
• I-Myelography: Lokhu kusiza ukuthola izinto ezifana nezimila, ama-herniated disc, kanye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo emgogodleni nasemgogodleni.
• I-Polysomnogram: Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuthola izifo ezihlobene nokulala ngokulinganisa ubuchopho nomsebenzi womzimba ngesikhathi sokulala.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET (i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET): Lokhu kuskena kubonisa izimila, noma kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimo ezifana nesifo sokuwa, izimila zobuchopho, kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer's.
• I-SPECT scan (i-Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography - SPECT): Lokhu kungabona futhi izimila kanye nezifo. Kusetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola indawo yokuquleka, izifo eziwohlokayo zomgogodla, kanye nokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka.
• I-Thermography: Lokhu kulinganisa izinguquko zokushisa emzimbeni noma esithweni. Kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola izinto ezifana nezimpawu zobuhlungu, i-peripheral neuropathy, kanye nokucindezelwa kwezimpande zemizwa.

Kufanele sibonane nini nodokotela wezinzwa?

Kulungile, manje cishe uyazibuza, 'Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngizibonele lo dokotela?' Kunezimpawu ezithile okufanele sikhathazeke ngazo ngokushesha nje lapho sizibona. Bheka ukuthi unazo yini lezi zimpawu:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukukhohlwa njalo: Uma uvame ukukhohlwa izinto ezincane, akuvamile.
• Ukulahlekelwa ingqondo: Uma ulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo bese uwe.
• Ukuquleka: Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukuquleka nokuvuza amathe.
• Izinguquko ekunambithekeni nasekunukeni: Uma ulahlekelwa yikhono lokunambitha noma lokunuka ukudla ngokuzumayo.
• Izinkinga zokubona: Iso elilodwa liyimpumputhe, amehlo amabili ayimpumputhe, umbono ubonakala ufiphele.
• Ukuba ndikindiki, ukuqaqamba kwamalungu: Uma ingalo noma umlenze uzizwa ungasasebenzi, njengokungathi igazi liyekile ukugeleza, noma uma uzizwa sengathi unama-pin nama-nail.
• Ukungalingani kobuso: Uma uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luhlukile kolunye (isib., iso elilodwa liyagoba, alikwazi ukumamatheka kahle).
• I-Vertigo, i-Tinnitus, kanye nokungezwa: Uma uzwa isiyezi njalo, ukukhala ezindlebeni, noma ukuncipha kokuzwa.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya, ukushoshozela, ubunzima bokuphakamisa amahlombe, ukujika intamo, kanye nobunzima bokunyakaza kolimi.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukudikiza kwemisipha, ukudikiza.
• Ubuhlungu obuzwakala sengathi buvutha noma kuphi emzimbeni, noma njengokushaqeka ngogesi.
• Ubuhlungu entanyeni noma emhlane, ikhanda elibuhlungu: Uma lokhu kwenzeka njalo noma kunzima.
• Ukuhamba okungaqondakali kanye nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi ngenkathi uhamba.
• Ukuthuthumela.
• Ukunyakaza okuhamba kancane.

Okubalulekile: Uma unesinye noma ezimbili zalezi zimpawu, ungesabi. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukubona udokotela ojwayelekile ukuze akunike iseluleko. Angakudlulisela kudokotela wezinzwa uma kudingeka.

Ulungiselela kanjani uma uya kudokotela wezinzwa?

Uma uzobona udokotela, ikakhulukazi umuntu onjengodokotela wezinzwa, kungcono ukuthi ulungiselele. Nazi ezinye izinto ongayenza:

• Bhala uhlu lwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ofuna ukuxoxa ngazo nodokotela wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi siyakhohlwa ukuthi sifuna ukubuzani kudokotela.
• Ngitshele nganoma yiziphi izinguquko zakamuva empilweni yakho jikelele.
• Chaza noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha onazo noma izinguquko ezimpawu oye waba nazo. Uma kungenzeka, gcina idayari yezimpawu . Bhala phansi ukuthi zenzeke nini futhi kanjani, ukuthi zahlala isikhathi esingakanani, zazinzima kangakanani, ukuthi kukhona yini okwazenza zaba zimbi kakhulu, zaziyini izimpawu, nokuthi wenzeni ukuze uziqede. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezifana nesifo sokuwa, ukuqwasha, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nesifo sikaParkinson.
• Thatha amakhophi okuhlolwa okwenziwe abanye odokotela, ama-CD anezikeni, kanye nemibiko yelabhorethri.
• Letha uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa, amavithamini, izithasiselo, kanye nemithi yendabuko oyithathayo njengamanje. Sitshele futhi nganoma yimiphi imithi engazange ikusebenzele esikhathini esidlule noma ebangele imiphumela emibi.
• Letha uhlu lwezinto ezikubangela ukungezwani komzimba.
• Uma kungenzeka, hamba nomngane noma ilungu lomndeni. Bangakubhala phansi lokho okushiwo udokotela, bakulalele ngombono wesibili, babuze imibuzo, futhi bakukhumbuze ukuthi uhlele ama-aphoyintimenti okulandelela.
• Uma ufuna ukukhuluma ngezinye izinkinga, buza ukuthi singazibekela isikhathi esihlukile salokho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufunda ukuze ube uchwepheshe onjalo?

Kuhle ukwazi lokhu futhi. Ukuba udokotela wezinzwa akuyona into engenziwa kalula. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufunda nokuqeqesha.

• Ngemva kokuphumelela kahle izivivinyo ze-Ordinary Level kanye ne-Advanced Level, udinga ukuqeda iziqu zobudokotela eyunivesithi eminyakeni engaba mine kuya kwemihlanu.
• Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuqedela i-internship yonyaka owodwa.
• Ngemva kwalokho, udinga iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (ukuhlala) kwi-neurology.
• Abanye badlulela phambili futhi bathole omunye unyaka noma emibili wokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile (i-Fellowship) kolunye uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-neurology.

Ngakho-ke ungabona, kufanele uzinikele iminyaka engaphezu kweyi-10-12 kulokhu.

Yiziphi ezinye izinkundla ezincane ezikhona ku-neuroscience?

I-Neurology iyinsimu ebanzi kakhulu. Iphinde ibe nezinsimu ezikhethekile ezivumela ukukhethekile okwengeziwe. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Umuthi wokulimala kobuchopho
• I-neurology yezingane - Sesikhulume ngayo ngaphambili.
• I-neurophysiology yezokwelapha - Ubuchwepheshe ekuhlolweni okufana ne-EEG kanye ne-EMG.
• Isifo Sokuxhuzula
• Umuthi wekhanda
• I-neurology yabantu asebekhulile - Mayelana nezifo zemizwa kubantu asebekhulile.
• Ukukhubazeka kwe-neurodevelopmental - izinkinga zentuthuko ezenzeka ebuntwaneni.
• Umuthi wobuhlungu
• Umuthi wokulala
• I-neurology yemithambo yegazi - mayelana nezifo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.

Kunezinye eziningi ezifana nalezi. Lokho kusho ukuthi ungathola udokotela ochwepheshe enkingeni ethile onayo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, sekusobala kuwe manje ukuthi udokotela wezinzwa ngumuntu oxilonga, elapha, futhi aphathe izifo ezihlobene nobuchopho bethu, umgogodla kanye nemizwa.

Uma unezimpawu ezihlobene nohlelo lwezinzwa, ungazinaki. Okokuqala, bonana nodokotela womndeni wakho. Angakudlulisela kudokotela wezinzwa uma kudingeka.

Uma uya kudokotela, lungela, uchaze yonke imininingwane yakho, futhi ungesabi ukubuza imibuzo. Udokotela wezinzwa ukhona ukuze ahlole isimo sakho, akunikeze ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu, futhi akunike impumuzo. Awuwedwa, futhi kukhona odokotela abangakusiza kulolu hambo.

Udokotela wezinzwa, izifo zobuchopho, izifo zezinzwa, ikhanda elibuhlungu, isithuthwane, isifo sohlangothi