Wake wezwa nge- neuromyelitis optica , noma i-NMO njengoba siyibiza ngamafuphi? Mhlawumbe akunjalo. Ngoba akusona isifo esivame kakhulu emhlabeni. Kodwa yisimo esibi esingathinta ngqo amehlo ethu kanye nomgogodla. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngalokhu. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngakho ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.
Kalula nje, iyini i-NMO?
I-NMO inamanye amagama amaningana. Abanye bayibiza ngokuthi i-Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD), kanti abanye bayibiza ngokuthi i-Devic's Disease. Lokhu kuyinto exakile kakhulu eyenzekayo. Uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lomzimba, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba, luqala ngephutha ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Kufana nebutho lethu elihlasela izwe lakithi. Lokhu kuhlasela kuhlose kakhulu izingxenye ezimbili zesimiso sethu sezinzwa esiyinhloko: i-optic nerve, ethwala ulwazi oluvela esweni luye ebuchosheni, kanye nentambo yomgogodla, egeleza emgogodleni.
Lesi sifo singavela ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. I-Monophasic NMO: Kulokhu, izimpawu zivela ngokuzumayo phakathi nezinsuku noma amasonto bese ziphela ngokuhlasela okukodwa.
2. Ukubuyela emuva kwe-NMO: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lapha, izimpawu ziyavela futhi ziphele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka kamuva, kungase kuvele olunye uhlaselo. Izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu ngokuhlasela ngakunye.
Nakuba uhlobo lokuqala lungathinta kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane, uhlobo lwesibili, noma i-NMO ephinde ibuyele emuva, luvame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunakwabesilisa. Lungathinta nezingane ezincane.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-NMO?
Izimpawu ze- NMO ziwela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko. Uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.
| Isimo sezokwelapha | Incazelo kanye nezimpawu |
|---|---|
| I-optic neuritis | Yilapho inzwa yokubona esweni ivuvukala khona. Ungase uzizwe ubuhlungu obukhulu ngaphakathi kweso lakho ngokuzumayo . Lokhu kungalandelwa ukubona okufiphele, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile kuthinta iso elilodwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta womabili amehlo. |
| I-myelitis eguquguqukayo | Yilapho umgogodla uvuvukala khona. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu, ubuthakathaka, ukungazweli, noma ukukhubazeka ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Ungase futhi ulahlekelwe ukulawula isinyi sakho namathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo, ukuqina kwentamo, kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu nazo zingase zibe khona. |
Uma izingane ezincane ziba ne-NMO, zingabonisa izimpawu ezinzima njengokushintsha kokuziphatha, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ukuquleka, noma i-coma.
Ingabe i-NMO iyafana ne-MS (Multiple Sclerosis)?
Cha. Lena indawo lapho abantu abaningi bedideka khona. I-MS, emele i-Multiple Sclerosis, ingenye isifo esithinta isimiso sezinzwa futhi sibangelwa ukusebenza kwesimiso sokuzivikela komzimba. Esikhathini esidlule, odokotela babecabanga ukuthi i-NMO uhlobo lwe-MS. Kodwa manje ucwaningo luthole ukuthi lezi zifo ezimbili zihlukile ngokuphelele.
Nazi ezinye zalezo zinguquko :
| Isici | I-NMO (i-Neuromyelitis Optica) | I-MS (i-Multiple Sclerosis) |
|---|---|---|
| Isivinini sokuqala kwalesi sifo | Izimpawu zivame ukushesha kakhulu futhi zibe zimbi kakhulu. | Izimpawu zivame ukukhula kancane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside. |
| Ukuhlolwa kwegazi | Kukhona ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile (ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody) ukuze kutholakale i-NMO. | Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile okufana nalokhu ukuze kutholakale i-MS. |
| Ukuskena kobuchopho nge-MRI | Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo, ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI yobuchopho kungase kubonakale kujwayelekile. | Ku-MS, izinguquko zivame ukubonakala kuma-MRI scans obuchopho. |
| Ezinye izici | Izimpawu ezifana nokucanuzela kwenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, kanye nokuqunjelwa zivame kakhulu. | Lezi zimpawu azivamile ukubonakala ku-MS. |
Yini ebangela i-NMO?
Eqinisweni, odokotela abakayazi imbangela eqondile ye-NMO. Akukho bufakazi bokuthi idluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye. Kodwa into eyodwa icacile. Abantu abaningi abane-NMO banezinye izifo ezizimele , noma amalungu emindeni yabo anazo. Kalula nje, yisimo lapho uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu, uhlelo lokuzivikela, luhlasela ngephutha amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Isifo sikashukela (Uhlobo 1 Lwesifo Sikashukela), isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis, i-psoriasis, kanye ne-vitiligo ziyizibonelo ezimbalwa zezifo ezinjalo.
Sitholakala kanjani lesi sifo?
Ngemva kokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho uzokuxilonga. Lokhu kuzohlanganisa ukuhlola ikhono lakho lokucabanga, ukubona, ukukhuluma, amandla omzimba, kanye nokusabela komzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zivivinyo zingenziwa futhi:
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Abantu abangaphezu kuka-70% abane-NMO baneprotheni ethile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-antibody, egazini labo. Lokhu kungatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi.
- Ukuhlolwa koketshezi lomgogodla: Ngezinye izikhathi kungadingeka ukuthatha uketshezi emgogodleni bese uluhlola.
- Iskeni se-MRI: I-MRI ( isithombe se-magnetic resonance)) inqubo esebenzisa i-magnet enkulu kanye nekhompyutha ukuthatha izithombe ezicacile zengaphakathi lomzimba wakho. Lokhu kungasiza ukubona ukuthi umgogodla wakho uvuvukele yini.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Ungathunyelwa kudokotela wamehlo, ozokwenza izivivinyo ezikhethekile njenge-OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) ukuze ahlole umonakalo emthanjeni we-optic.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-NMO?
Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu. Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-NMO okwamanje. Kodwa kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekuvimbeleni ukuhlaselwa esikhathini esizayo.
- Imithi yokulwa nokuquleka: Kunemithi emisha eminingana evunyelwe muva nje i-NMO. I-Eculizumab (Soliris), i-inebilizumab-cdon (Uplizna), kanye ne-satralizumab-mwge (Enspryng) eminye yale mithi. Le mithi isebenza ngokugxila kuma-antibodies ahlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile futhi awavimbe ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze eminye imithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba.
- Ama-Steroids: Imithi yama-steroid inikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni. Le mithi ivame ukunikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
- Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma: Okubizwa nangokuthi i-plasmapheresis, lokhu kufana nomshini wokuhlanza igazi. Umshini okhethekile uhlukanisa i-plasma egazini lakho, eliqukethe ama-antibodies ayingozi, bese ulisusa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa okunye esikhundleni salokho bese igazi elihlanziwe libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-NMO yisifo esingavamile kodwa esibi kakhulu sokuzivikela komzimba esithinta amehlo ethu nomgogodla.
- Uma uzwa izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu bamehlo obungazelelwe, ukulahlekelwa umbono, ubuthakathaka noma ukungazweli ezithweni zakho zomzimba, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
- I-NMO isifo esihlukile kune-MS (Multiple Sclerosis). Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile kungahlukanisa lokhu okubili.
- Nakuba ingelapheki ngokuphelele, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezitholakalayo namuhla zokulawula izimpawu nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa esikhathini esizayo.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enokungabaza noma imibuzo ngalokhu, sicela ukhulume ngokukhululekile nodokotela wakho.
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