I-Nocardiosis: Uyazi ukuthi leli gciwane licashe enhlabathini?

Wake wacabanga ukuthi kukhona amabhaktheriya angasenza sigule enhlabathini esiyithintayo futhi esihamba kuyo nsuku zonke? Ungase umangale ukuzwa lokhu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esingakaze sizwe ngaso isikhathi eside, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu azi ngaso. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Nocardiosis kwisayensi yezokwelapha. Lokhu ukutheleleka okubangelwa amabhaktheriya. Ungakhathazeki, sizokhuluma ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe nangokulula.

Kuyini i-Nocardiosis? Kalula nje...

I-Nocardiosis ukutheleleka okubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Nocardia. Leli bhaktheriya livame ukutholakala enhlabathini esizungezile, ezintweni eziphilayo ezibolayo, kanye nasothulini. Cabanga ngakho njengenhlabathi esemagcekeni ethu.

Lokhu kutheleleka kuthinta kakhulu amaphaphu ethu, isikhumba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubuchopho. Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo sivela lapho siphefumula izinhlayiya zothuli eziqukethe leli gciwane, noma lapho leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni ngenxeba esikhumbeni.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi i-nocardiosis ayisona isifo esivame kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukuthi akuyona into etholwa yiwo wonke umuntu kalula. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

I-Nocardiosis empeleni iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezweni elifana neMelika, kubikwa amacala angu-500 kuya ku-1000 kuphela ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, ingozi iphakeme. Isibonelo, kutholakale ukuthi phakathi kuka-1% no-4% wabantu abaye bafakelwa inhliziyo noma bafakelwa amaphaphu basengozini yokuthola lesi sifo se-nocardiosis. Amacala anjalo abikwa ngezikhathi ezithile eSri Lanka, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Nocardiosis?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi emzimbeni. Ake sibheke izimpawu eziyinhloko ezibonakala.

Okuhlobene namaphaphu (lokhu kujwayelekile kakhulu):

• Ukukhwehlela (ngezinye izikhathi kuba ne-phlegm)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukuphefumula kanzima (ukuphefumula kanzima ngisho noma usebenza kanzima)
• Imfiva
• Ukwehlisa isisindo ngaphandle kwesizathu
• Ukujuluka ebusuku
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu (lokhu kuwumuzwa wokukhathala okwanda usuku nosuku)

Okuhlobene nesikhumba:

• Izilonda noma izilonda esikhumbeni
• Amaqhubu (amaqhubu) ngaphansi kwesikhumba - Lawa angase abonakale ebomvu, onsomi, noma emnyama kunesikhumba esizungezile. Ngezinye izikhathi angaba buhlungu.

Kubukeka kanjani ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kwe-Nocardia?

Ake sithi unenxeba elincane esikhumbeni sakho bese uthola ukungcola. Uma leli gciwane le-Nocardia lingena lapho, lizoba bomvu, livuvuke, futhi mhlawumbe libe amabhamuza, bese kuphuma ubomvu. Ngezinye izikhathi lingaze lakhe uqweqwe. Kwabanye abantu, lokhu kungaba buhlungu.

Uma ukutheleleka kusakazekela ebuchosheni (lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu):

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu (ikhanda elibuhlungu elingapheli, elinzima)
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Isimo sokungabi nampilo
• Ukudideka (ukulahlekelwa ingqondo ngokuzumayo, ukucasuka)
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuwa)

Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-Nocardiosis?

Kalula nje, imbangela yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi i-Nocardia. Leli bhaktheriya lihlala enhlabathini ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba.

La magciwane angena kanjani emizimbeni yethu?

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Ngokuphefumula amabhaktheriya atholakala enhlabathini noma othulini: Uma sisendaweni enothuli, izinhlayiya ezincane eziqukethe la mabhaktheriya zingangena emaphashini ethu.

2. Amabhaktheriya angena ngesilonda noma ngenxeba esikhumbeni: Ake sithi usebenza engadini bese uthola iva esandleni sakho noma isilonda esincane. Amabhaktheriya angangena emzimbeni ngenhlabathi evela kulelo nxeba. Kungenzeka futhi uma amanzi noma inhlabathi engcolile ingena enxebeni elikhona.

3. Ngemishini yezokwelapha engcolile ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa (lokhu akuvamile): Lokhu akwenzeki kaningi, ngoba imishini ezibhedlela igcinwa ihlanzekile kakhulu.

Ingabe lesi sifo siyathelelana?

Cha. I-Nocardiosis ayisona isifo esingadluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu siye komunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuyithola ngokukhuluma, ukuxhawulana, noma ukuba seduze nomuntu onesifo.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola i-Nocardiosis?

Ngokuvamile, umuntu onesimiso somzimba esinempilo akavamile ukugula ngenxa yamagciwane e-Nocardia, noma ngabe ayawaphefumula noma angene esikhumbeni sakhe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimiso somzimba wethu sokuzivikela siyalwa futhi sibhubhise amagciwane.

Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo. Izivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka zisho ukuthi ikhono lomzimba lokulwa namagciwane abangela izifo liyancipha.

Izimo eziyinhloko lapho ingozi inganda khona yilezi:

• Abantu abake bafakelwa izitho zomzimba ezinkulu: Ikakhulukazi labo abake bafakelwa amaphaphu noma inhliziyo (ukufakelwa izitho eziqinile).
• Abantu abake bafakelwa i-stem cell: ikakhulukazi labo abathathelwe ama-stem cell komunye umuntu (ukufakelwa kwe-allogenic stem cell).
• Abantu abaphethwe umdlavuza(Ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza).
• Abantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• Abantu abangenwe yi-HIV.
• Abantu abanezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba noma labo abathatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba (imithi enciphisa ikhono lemizimba yethu lokulwa nezifo).
• Abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona, isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-'COPD (Isifo Sokuvinjelwa Okungapheli Kwamaphaphu)'.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Nocardiosis?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, lokhu kungaba kubi kakhulu uma kungelashwa kahle. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kusakazeka kusuka emaphashini kuye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba: isibonelo, kuya ebuchosheni, egazini, esikhumbeni, emehlweni, ezinso, emathanjeni, noma emisipheni.
• I-pneumonia: Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
• Ithumba lamaphaphu: Iqoqo lobomvu ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu okwakha iqhubu.
• I-Sepsis: Lokhu kuyindlela esongela impilo, ephindaphindayo yokusabela komzimba ekuthelelekeni.
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula: Ukuphazamiseka kwenqubo yokuphefumula.
• Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba: Ukwehluleka kwezitho ezibalulekile emzimbeni.

Lezi zinkinga azenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu, kodwa abantu abasemaqenjini asengozini enkulu kufanele baqaphele kakhulu.

I-Nocardiosis itholakala kanjani?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo ezahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Okuyinhloko ukubheka amagciwane e-Nocardia kumasampula athathwe emzimbeni. Kunezindlela eziningana ezisetshenziswa kulokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezilonda zesikhumba: Uma kukhona isilonda sesikhumba, kuthathwa ingxenye encane yezicubu bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, noma amabhaktheriya akhuliswe (akhuliswe).
• Amasampula ezikhwehlela: Uma kunezimpawu ezihlobene nesifo samaphaphu, abantu bazohlolwa izikhwehlela zabo.
• Ukuhlanza i-bronchial alveolar: Lokhu kuhilela ukudlulisa ipayipi elinekhamera encane emaphashini bese uthatha isampula yoketshezi lapho ukuze ihlolwe.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zobuchopho: Uma ukutheleleka sekusakazekele ebuchosheni futhi sekuvele ithumba, kuthathwa isampula lapho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR: Lena yindlela entsha engathola izakhi zofuzo ezivela kubhaktheriya futhi iqinisekise ukutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ingenziwa ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu.Ungakwena lokhu.

Ingabe i-Nocardiosis ingelapheka?

Yebo, lesi yisifo esingelapheka, kodwa sidinga ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi futhi selashwe ngendlela efanele.

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ama-antibiotic . Udokotela angase anikeze i-antibiotic eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kungakanani kanye nohlobo lwebhaktheriya.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha la ma-antibiotics isikhathi eside sokwelashwa, njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile, kufanele uthathe le mithi isikhathi eside, cishe izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12 . Abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kakhulu, kungase kudingeke bathathe le mithi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho ziphela, ungayeki ukuthatha le mithi kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekuyala ukuba uyeke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma uyeka phakathi, lesi sifo singase sibuye.

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ubunzima bokuphefumula bukhulu, unganikezwa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe noma kuxhunywe umshini wokuphefumula . Uma ugula kakhulu, kungadingeka uhlale esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa.

Okuthile mayelana nezinga lokufa...

Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi izinga lokufa ngenxa ye-nocardiosis liphakathi kuka-15% no-40% . Kwezinye izimo (isib., abantu abanezinhlelo zokuzivikela ezibuthakathaka kakhulu, abantu abanezifo zobuchopho), leli nani lingaba phezulu nakakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengobunzima besifo, izinga lokutheleleka, kanye nesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba yesiguli. Ngakho-ke, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile.

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

Uma unezimpawu ocabanga ukuthi zingaba izimpawu ze-nocardiosis, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ungomunye wamaqembu asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla (isib., abantu abathola ukufakelwa izitho zomzimba, abacindezela amasosha omzimba, noma abanesifo sikashukela).

Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Yiziphi ezinye izinto engingazenza nsuku zonke ukuze ngizinakekele?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Kufanele uye nini egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo?
• Kufanele ngibuye nini ukuze ngiyohlolwa futhi?
• Ngingawusebenzisa kanjani lo muthi ngqo?

Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu , iya ekamelweni eliphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besifuba
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula
• Ukudideka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi
• Izimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuquleka)
• Isilonda esingapholi futhi esikhula njalo
• Ama-blister amakhulu noma ama-blister abonakala ebomvu, onsundu, oluhlaza okotshani, noma omnyama esikhumbeni
• Kuphuma uketshezi olunuka kabi oluvela emaqabungeni

Ungazivikela kanjani ku-Nocardiosis?

Nakuba singenakukugwema ngokuphelele lokhu, kunezinto esingazenza ukuze sinciphise ingozi:

• Uma usebenza ngenhlabathi noma ngothuli (isib. ukulima, ukulima), gqoka amagilavu ​​​​nemaski. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.
• Gqoka izingubo ezimboza isikhumba ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uvimbele ukusikeka noma ukulimala, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngaphandle.
• Gcina noma yikuphi ukusikeka noma amanxeba avulekile esikhumbeni kuhlanzekile bese uwamboza (faka umuthi bese ubhandisha).
• Geza izandla zakho njalo, ikakhulukazi uma uphuma ngaphandle noma usebenza ngenhlabathi.
• Uma uthola inxeba, liphathe ngokushesha. Ligeze kahle ngensipho namanzi, bese ulimboza. Uma inxeba lijule kakhulu, uma ukopha kungayeki, noma uma ukungcola noma ezinye izinsalela zinamathele enxebeni futhi zingenakususwa, funa iseluleko sikadokotela ngokushesha.

Kubantu abafakelwe izitho zokufakelwa, odokotela ngezinye izikhathi banikeza ama-antibiotic kusengaphambili ukuze bavimbele lezi zinhlobo zokutheleleka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu.

Okokugcina, okufanele ukukhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Nocardiosis iyisifo esingavamile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi esibulalayo, esibangelwa amagciwane. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela kulesi sifo, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso somzimba esibuthakathaka noma usuzofakelwa isitho somzimba.

Futhi, uma kuvela izimpawu, lungela ukuzibona kusenesikhathi bese ufuna ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzophumelela. Masingesabi, siqaphele, futhi sizame ukuhlala siphilile!

I- Nocardiosis, Ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, Izifo ezithwalwa umhlabathi, I-Immunology, Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba, Ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu