Sonke sizwa ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezithile zamagciwane esingakhulumi kakhulu ngazo, kodwa ezingadala izinkinga ezithile zempilo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka. Namuhla, sizokhuluma ngeqembu lamagciwane avame ukuhlala endaweni ezungezile, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi angena emizimbeni yethu futhi abangele izifo.
Iyini le NTM?
Kalula nje, i-NTM isifinyezo se- Nontuberculous Mycobacteria . Leli yiqembu lamagciwane. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngesifo sofuba kanye nochoko. I-NTM yiqembu lamagciwane e-mycobacteria ahlobene namagciwane abangela lezo zifo, kodwa awabangeli lezo zifo ezimbili.
Lawa magciwane angatholakala cishe noma kuphi endaweni ezungezile. Ahlala ikakhulukazi enhlabathini, othulini nasemanzini. Esikhathini esiningi, noma ngabe la magciwane angena emizimbeni yethu, ngeke sigule. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, bangangenwa yileli gciwane.
Yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba ezingathinta ukutheleleka kwe-NTM?
- Amaphaphu: Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokutheleleka yizifo zamaphaphu.
- Igazi
- Amathambo (ngamafuphi, amathambo)
- Ama-lymph node (ukuvuvukala)
- Isikhumba nezicubu ezithambile
Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu ophilile onesimiso esihle sokuzivikela komzimba akuvamile ukuba nokutheleleka ngaphandle kwamaphaphu. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu onesimiso sokuzivikela somzimba esibuthakathaka, lokhu kutheleleka kungasakazeka (kusatshalaliswe) kuwo wonke umzimba.
Ziyini izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-NTM?
Kunezimpawu eziningana ezivamile zokutheleleka yi-NTM. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lezi zimpawu zingabonakala nakwezinye izifo eziningi, ukuba khona kwalezi zimpawu zodwa akusho ukuthi unesifo se-NTM.
Izici ezivamile yilezi:
- Umkhuhlane uyaqala
- Ukukhathala
- Ukwehlisa isisindo
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele
Ngaphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezivamile, ezinye izimpawu ezithile zingase zivele kuye ngokuthi ukutheleleka kukuphi. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.
| Indawo yokutheleleka | Izimpawu ezithile ezingabonakala |
|---|---|
| Isikhumba | Ubuhlungu, ukubomvu, ukuvuvukala, izilonda noma izilonda, ukuqubuka. |
| Amathambo namalunga (i-Musculoskeletal) | Ubuhlungu bamalunga kanye nokuqina kwamalunga. |
| Amaphaphu | Ukukhwehlela (ngezinye izikhathi kuba negazi emathunjini), ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu kutheleleka kwe-NTM?
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, leli gciwane lisendaweni esikuyo, ngakho-ke kunezindlela eziningana esingalifaka ngazo emizimbeni yethu.
- Ngamanzi: Ngokuphuza, ukugeza, noma ukushawa ngamanzi aqukethe amagciwane e-NTM.
- Ngokuphefumula: Ngokuphefumula amagciwane endaweni ezungezile. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu kumuntu osevele enesifo samaphaphu.
- Ngamadivayisi ezokwelapha: Ngamadivayisi ezokwelapha athile afakwa emzimbeni (isibonelo, amapayipi anjenge-central venous line) noma amathuluzi okuhlinza.
- Ngezinaliti: Ngezinaliti ezingcolile ezisetshenziswa ukujova izidakamizwa, ukujova izidakamizwa, noma ukwenza ama-tattoo.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuthi la magciwane angene emzimbeni futhi abangele izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, kungaba nzima ukuthola ukuthi ukuthole kuphi nokuthi kanjani ukutheleleka.
Ingabe lokhu kuyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?
Cha. Ukutheleleka kwe-NTM akuvamile ukudluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye. Ngakho-ke, akubhekwe njengesifo esithathelwanayo.
Ubani osengozini enkulu?
Nakuba leli gciwane lisizungezile, akubona bonke abagulayo. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuthola leli gciwane.
| Isici sengozi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka | Uma une-HIV, umdlavuza, noma esinye isimo esenza amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthaka. |
| Imithi yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba | Uma uthatha imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba. |
| Isifo samaphaphu esasikhona ngaphambili | Uma unezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-cystic fibrosis, i-bronchiectasis, i-asthma noma i-emphysema. |
| Amadivayisi afakwe emzimbeni | Uma unemibhobho emzimbeni wakho (isib. umugqa ophakathi wemithambo yegazi, ipayipi lokuphefumula, ipayipi lokudla). |
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abane-body mass index ephansi (i-BMI) nezinye izimo zempilo ezifana ne-GERD (isifo se-acid reflux) kanye ne-scoliosis basengozini enkulu yokuthola izifo ze-NTM zamaphaphu.
Ukuthola kanjani lokhu, Dokotela?
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-NTM zifana nezinye izifo, kudingeka izivivinyo eziningana ukuze kutholakale ukuthi kunembile. Udokotela uzolandela lezi zinyathelo:
1. Ukubuza ngezimpawu zakho: Sizolalela ngokucophelela ukuze sithole ngokungakhululeki kwakho.
2. Ukuhlola umlando wakho wezempilo: Ukubuza ngezinye izifo onazo kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.
3. Ukungafakwa kwezinye izifo: Qiniseka ukuthi awunazo ezinye izifo ezivamile noma izimo zezokwelapha.
4. Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile: Isampula yegazi, izicubu, noma isikhwehlela ithunyelwa ukuze ihlolwe elebhu (`isiko`) ukuze kubhekwe amagciwane e-NTM.
Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga
- I-X-ray yesifuba
- Ukuskena kwe-CT
- I-Bronchoscopy: Inqubo lapho ithubhu elincane elinekhamera lidluliselwa emaphashini ukuze lihlolwe.
- I-Biopsy: Ukuthatha ingcezu encane yezicubu endaweni ethelelekile ukuze ihlolwe.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-bacilli okusheshayo kwe-acid: Ukutholwa kwe-mycobacteria kusampula yesikhwehlela, igazi, noma izicubu.
Ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ukuthi unesifo se-NTM ukubona udokotela bese uthola izivivinyo ezidingekayo. Awukwazi ukunquma lokhu wedwa.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-NTM kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside. Odokotela bavame ukunikeza inhlanganisela yezinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zama-antibiotic . Le mithi kungadingeka ithathwe isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezingu-12 ukuze kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukutheleleka.
Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izicubu ezonakele. Ngezifo zamaphaphu, kunconywa ukuzivocavoca ukuphefumula kanye nokwelashwa kokusiza ukususa amafinyila.
Ingabe ikhona imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?
Yebo. Ukuthatha ama-antibiotic isikhathi eside kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngenkathi uthatha umuthi, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Imiphumela emibi engaba khona:
- Ukukhubazeka kokuzwa
- Izinguquko zombono
- Ukukhubazeka kwesigqi senhliziyo (`i-Long QT syndrome`)
- Ukulimala kwesibindi noma kwezinso
Kufanele ufune nini iseluleko sezokwelapha?
Uma unesifo samaphaphu, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, uke wahlinzwa, noma ufakwe idivayisi yezokwelapha emzimbeni wakho, buza udokotela wakho ngezimpawu ezingaba khona zokutheleleka. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezisolisayo, ungalibali ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Kufanele uye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)?
Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezimbi kakhulu, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela ngokushesha.
| Isibonakaliso esibi kakhulu | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Uma umkhuhlane ungaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-40 (103 Fahrenheit). |
| Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula | Uma kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumula. |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba | Uma unezinhlungu zesifuba ezinzima. |
| Ukudideka | Uma unenkumbulo elahlekile, ukuntuleka kwenkumbulo yendawo noma isikhathi. |
| Ukutheleleka kwesilonda | Uma indawo yokuhlinzwa noma inxeba libomvu, livuvukile, libuhlungu, noma lingapholi. |
Ngingazivikela kanjani kulokhu kutheleleka?
Uma unesifo samaphaphu noma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esibuthakathaka, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokugwema izindawo lapho amagciwane e-NTM avame khona.
- Gwema ukusebenzisa ama-hot tub: ikakhulukazi lawo angaphakathi, avaliwe.
- Gwema izifutho ze-cold mist: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezifutho ezikhiqiza amaconsi amancane angaphefumulwa.
- Qaphela lapho usebenza ngenhlabathi: Gqoka imaski yobuso namagilavu, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza ngenhlabathi yokumba.
- Gwema ukuthatha ama-tattoo: Kukhona ingozi yokutheleleka ngokusebenzisa imishini engcolile.
Ukutheleleka kwe-NTM kuyisimo esingavamile. Kodwa uma uthola esinye, ukuxilongwa kanye nenqubo yokwelashwa kungathatha isikhathi. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba nesineke. Thatha imithi yakho njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho, isikhathi sonke. Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukungakhululeki okutholayo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-NTM uhlobo lwe-mycobacteria olungabangeli isifo sofuba noma uchoko, kodwa oluhlala endaweni ezungezile (inhlabathi, amanzi).
- Lezi zifo azivamile ukudluliselwa kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kanye nalabo abanesifo samaphaphu basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka yi-NTM.
- Izimpawu ezinjengokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, kanye nokwehla kwesisindo zingase zibe khona, futhi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile.
- Ukwelashwa kuzodinga izinyanga zama-antibiotic, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iseluleko sezokwelapha.
- Uma kuvela izimpawu ezinzima, kufanele uye e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yesibhedlela ngokushesha.
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