Ake sifunde ngomhlengikazi ohlinza izinzwa (i-CRNA) ohlinzeka nge-anesthesia ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.

Uma wake wadinga ukuhlinzwa, noma uma othile omaziyo kwadingeka ahlinzwe, kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa igama elithi "anesthesia." Ngezinye izikhathi ungase wesabe kancane ngale anesthesia. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi kunabantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile ukukugcina uphephile futhi ungenabuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomunye wabantu abanjalo, "Umhlengikazi Obhalisiwe Obhalisiwe Ohlinzayo" (CRNA) .

Ubani lo Mhlengikazi Oqinisekisiwe Wokubulala Izinzwa (i-CRNA)?

Kalula nje, i -CRNA (Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist) ingumhlengikazi oqeqeshiwe kakhulu othole ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ekunikezeni i-anesthesia neminye imithi ehlobene nayo. Ngezinye izikhathi sibabiza ngokuthi "abahlengikazi be-anesthesia." Banakekela futhi baqaphe abantu abathola i-anesthesia noma abalulama ekunikezeni i-anesthesia.

Ngakho-ke iyini le "anesthesia"?

Ake sithi uyahlinzwa noma uhlinzwa ngenqubo yezokwelapha. I-anesthesia iyindlela yokwelapha ekusiza ukuthi ungazizwa ubuhlungu. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-anesthesia. Ezinye izidakamizwa zokubulala izinzwa ziqeda ingxenye yomzimba wakho kuphela, okusho ukuthi awuzwa lutho. Eminye imithi ithinta ubuchopho bakho futhi ikulale ngokuphelele, ngakho awuzwa lutho ngesikhathi senqubo. Ngakho-ke, i-CRNA inokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile nolwazi olujulile lokuphatha le nqubo yokubulala izinzwa ngokuphepha nangokunembile.

Ngubani umhlengikazi obhalisiwe osezingeni eliphezulu (i-APRN)?

Umhlengikazi Obhalisiwe Osezingeni Eliphezulu (i-APRN) ungumhlengikazi obhalisiwe othole iziqu ze-Master's noma zobuDokotela, ngale kweziqu zobuhlengikazi obujwayelekile, futhi oqeqeshwe ukwenza indima ethile kanye nenani leziguli. Banemfundo ekhethekile kanye nesitifiketi sokuhlola, ukuxilonga, kanye nokuphatha izinkinga zezokwelapha. Bagunyaziwe futhi uku-oda izivivinyo kanye nokunquma imithi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-APRN. Isibonelo:

• Udokotela Obhalisiwe Wokuhlinza Izinzwa (i-CRNA) - lowo esikhuluma ngaye namuhla.
• Umhlengikazi Oqinisekisiwe (i-CNP) - Banikeza izinsizakalo zezempilo eziyisisekelo njengodokotela womndeni.
• Uchwepheshe Wezokwelapha (CNS) - Laba ngabantu abanolwazi olujulile ngesimo esithile noma iqembu leziguli.
• Umhlengikazi Oqinisekisiwe Wombelethisi (CNM) - Labo abasiza omama abakhulelwe kanye nangesikhathi sokubeletha.

I-CRNA esikhuluma ngayo namuhla ngumuntu oyingxenye yesigaba sabahlengikazi abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-APRN.

Yini eyenziwa umhlengikazi obulala izinzwa (i-CRNA)?

Kunemisebenzi eminingana ethile enikezwa i-CRNA. Lezi yizinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

• Ukufundiswa kwesiguli ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlinzwa: Ngaphambi kokuba unikezwe i-anesthesia yokuhlinzwa noma inqubo, uzokwaziswa ngokugcwele ngayo. Konke kuzochazwa, okuhlanganisa ukuthi hlobo luni lwe-anesthesia oluzosetshenziswa, ukuthi kuzokwenzekani, nokuthi yini ongayilindela. Uzotshelwa nokuthi yini ongase uyizwe ngemva kokuhlinzwa nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele uzithathe.
• Ukuhlola indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekubulaweni yizinzwa: Ngemva kokunikezwa i-anesthesia, umzimba wakho uzoqashwa eduze ukuze ubone ukuthi usabela kanjani. Izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile, njengesilinganiso senhliziyo yakho, umfutho wegazi, izinga lokuphefumula, kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo, zizoqashwa.
• Ukuhlonza izingozi kumuntu othola i-anesthesia: Abanye abantu bangase babe nokungezwani komzimba nemithi ethile yokubulala izinzwa. Noma bangadinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokubulala izinzwa ngenxa yezinye izimo zempilo, njenge-asthma noma isifo sikashukela. I-CRNA izohlonza izingozi ezinjalo kusenesikhathi, ikhethe indlela efanele kakhulu yokubulala izinzwa, futhi ithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
• Ukunikeza umthamo ofanele we-anesthetic: I-CRNA izoqikelela kakhulu ukunikeza umthamo ofanele we-anesthetic, ngokusekelwe esisindweni sakho, ubude, ubudala, uhlobo lokuhlinzwa okwenziwayo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba okuncane kakhulu kungabangela ubuhlungu, kanti okuningi kakhulu kungabangela imiphumela emibi engafuneki.

I-CRNA ayisebenzi yodwa. Basebenza njengengxenye yethimba elinabahlinzeki bezempilo abahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa odokotela abahlinzayo, odokotela ababulala izinzwa, odokotela bamazinyo, kanye nodokotela bezinyawo, ukuze banikeze ukunakekelwa kwe-anesthesia ezigulini zabo bonke ubudala nezinhlobo zokuhlinzwa. Baqapha isimo sesiguli ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, nangemva kokuhlinzwa.

Ingasebenza kuphi i-CRNA?

I-CRNA ingasebenza ezindaweni ezahlukene zezokwelapha, okusho ukuthi izinsizakalo zayo azikhawulelwe endaweni eyodwa. Isibonelo:

• Amagumbi okuhlinza esibhedlela (ama-OR).
• Amagumbi Okubuyisela Ngemva Kokuhlushwa I-Anesthesia (i-PACU).
• Amagumbi Ezimo Eziphuthumayo (ama-ER).
• Izikhungo Zokuhlinza Zangaphandle - Lezi yizindawo lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa khona ngaphandle kokuhlala esibhedlela.
• Amayunithi Okubeletha Nokubeletha - Nikeza izindlela zokubulala izinzwa njenge-epidurals ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokubeletha.
• Amahhovisi kadokotela - ngezinqubo ezincane.
• Amahhovisi kadokotela wamazinyo - okukhishwa noma ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamazinyo.

Kwezinye izindawo zasemakhaya zamazwe afana ne-United States, ama-CRNA ngezinye izikhathi angochwepheshe kuphela abahlinzeka nge-anesthesia ezibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-CRNA abahlinzeki abayinhloko be-anesthesia kulabo abasebenza emabuthweni ahlomile aseMelika. ESri Lanka, ukubaluleka nokuqashelwa kwezinsizakalo ezinjalo ezikhethekile zobuhlengikazi kuyanda usuku nosuku.

Uyini umehluko phakathi koDokotela Obulala Izinzwa Oqinisekisiwe (i-CRNA) kanye noDokotela Obulala Izinzwa?

Lona umbuzo abantu abaningi abanawo. Bobabili i-CRNA kanye nodokotela wezinzwa banganikeza izinzwa ngokuphephile nangobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko omncane esizindeni sabo semfundo kanye nohlaka lwabo lwezomthetho.

Udokotela obulala izinzwa ngumuntu oneziqu zobudokotela (`Doctor of Medicine - MD` noma `Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - DO`). Lokhu kusho ukuthi useqede iziqu zobudokotela eziyisisekelo njenge-MBBS, wabe esethola iminyaka eminingana yokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile ekubulaleni izinzwa.

Kodwa-ke, i-CRNA ngumuntu oqede iziqu eziyisisekelo njengomhlengikazi obhalisiwe, wabe esephishekela iziqu ze-master's noma zezinga lobudokotela ezigxile ekunikezeni izinzwa, futhi waphumelela ukuhlolwa okuncintisana kakhulu, njenge-"National Certification Examination for Nurse Anesthetists."

Into ebalulekile ukuthi umhlengikazi ongudokotela wezinzwa abheke ukuhlinzekwa kwe-anesthesia njengokwelulwa komsebenzi wobuhlengikazi . Udokotela wezinzwa abheke ukuhlinzekwa kwe-anesthesia njengengxenye yomsebenzi wezokwelapha .

Kodwa-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi sizinda semfundo sihlobene nobuhlengikazi noma umuthi, zombili zihlinzeka nge-anesthesia ngendlela efanayo, ngokwezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanayo. Lokho kusho ukuthi imithi, imishini, kanye nezindlela zokuqapha ezisetshenziswayo ziyafana kakhulu. Ngakho-ke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unikezwa i-anesthesia yi-CRNA noma i-anesthesiologist, akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuphepha kwakho. Bobabili baqeqeshwe kakhulu futhi banolwazi. Kwezinye izimo, i-CRNA ingasebenza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwe-anesthesiologist, noma ingasebenza ngokuzimela.

Umuntu uba kanjani umhlengikazi oqinisekisiwe we-anesthetist (CRNA)?

Ukuba yi-CRNA akuyona uhambo olulula. Kudinga ukuzinikela okukhulu, imfundo yesikhathi eside, ukuqeqeshwa kanzima, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi lezo zinyathelo nokuthi umuntu ufinyelela kanjani kulokhu kukhethekile.

1. Kumelwe ube neziqu ze-Bachelor kwezobuhlengikazi noma emkhakheni ohlobene: Okokuqala, kumele uqede okungenani iziqu ze-bachelor zobuhlengikazi zeminyaka emine eyunivesithi egunyaziwe.

2. Ukuthola ilayisensi njengoMhlengikazi Obhalisiwe (RN):Ngemva kokuphothula, kufanele ubhale ukuhlolwa okwenziwa yibhodi labahlengikazi lezwe elifanele (isibonelo, e-United States of America noma ezindaweni zalo) bese uthola ilayisensi njengomhlengikazi obhalisiwe.

3. Okungenani unyaka owodwa, ngokuvamile ngaphezulu, wesipiliyoni sokusebenza egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU): Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile. Ngokuvamile, i-RN efuna ukuba yi-CRNA izochitha iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu isebenza egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ibhekene neziguli eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ezisongela ukuphila. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kubasiza ukuba bathuthukise amakhono abalulekile njengokwenza izinqumo ezisheshayo, ukusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ukusebenzisa imishini ehlukahlukene, kanye nokuphatha imithi eyinkimbinkimbi.

4. Bhalisa ohlelweni lokubulala izinzwa lwabahlengikazi olugunyaziwe bese uthola iziqu zobudokotela: Ngemva kokuhlangenwe nakho kweyunithi yokunakekelwa okujulile, bhalisa ohlelweni oluvunyelwe nguhulumeni olunikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile kwe-anesthesia yabahlengikazi. Lezi zinhlelo manje zivame ukukhuphukela ezingeni lobudokotela, elithatha cishe iminyaka emithathu. Lokhu kunikeza ulwazi olujulile lwethiyori nge-anesthesia kanye nokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo okujulile.

5. Ngemva kokuphothula ohlelweni lokubulala izinzwa lwabahlengikazi, kufanele uphumelele i-"National Certification Examination for Nurse Anesthetists": Kuphela ngemva kokuphumelela kulolu vivinyo lapho ungaqashelwa khona ngokusemthethweni njenge-CRNA futhi uthole ilayisensi yokuhlinzeka nge-anesthesia ngokuzimela.

Amanye ama-CRNA, ngemva kokufaneleka njengama-CRNA, aqeqeshwa ngokuqhubekayo ("ubungane") emkhakheni okhethekile we-anesthesia, njengokuphathwa kobuhlungu obungapheli, i-anesthesia yenhliziyo, noma i-anesthesia yabantwana. Lokhu kuvame ukuthatha okungenani unyaka owodwa.

Njengabo bonke abanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha, ama-CRNA kudingeka ukuthi athole imfundo eqhubekayo ('imfundo eqhubekayo') kuyo yonke imisebenzi yawo. Lokhu kusho ukuya emihlanganweni, ukufunda ngocwaningo olusha, nokuthatha izifundo ezintsha ukuze ahlale enolwazi ngentuthuko yakamuva kanye nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni wawo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba ngumhlengikazi oqinisekisiwe we-anesthetist (CRNA)?

Njengoba ungacabanga, ngayo yonke le mfundo nolwazi, kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuba yi-CRNA. Kalula nje:

• Kuthatha cishe iminyaka emi-4 ukuthola iziqu zobuhlengikazi.
• Cishe iminyaka eyi-1-3 yesipiliyoni eYunithi Yokunakekelwa Okujulile (i-ICU).
• Uhlelo lokubulala izinzwa lwabahlengikazi (kuze kufike kudigri yobudokotela) luthatha cishe iminyaka emi-3.

Uma konke lokhu sekuhlanganisiwe, ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya kweyishumi ukuba yi-CRNA.

Lokho kusho ukuthi kudinga ukuzinikela okukhulu, isineke, nokuzimisela. Kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo ukuze ufanelekele i-CRNA ukuze ikunikeze umuthi wokubulala izinzwa. Ukuze ube nokuqiniseka okuphelele ngolwazi lwabo kanye nekhono labo.

Umyalezo obalulekile okufanele uwucabangele.

Ukubhekana nokuhlinzwa noma noma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha eyinkimbinkimbi kungaba yinto ecindezelayo, eyesabekayo, futhi ebangela ukukhathazeka. Kujwayelekile, futhi akekho othanda ukuhlinzwa.

Kodwa khumbula, umhlengikazi wakho obulala izinzwa (i-CRNA) ungumuntu onolwazi olukhethekile kanye nekhono eliphakeme kakhulu lokukugcina uphephile, ungenabuhlungu, futhi uhlale uqapha izimpawu zakho ezibalulekile phakathi nokuhlinzwa.

Uma unemibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukukhathazeka mayelana ne-anesthesia noma ukuhlinzwa, ungesabi ukubuza i-CRNA yakho. Bakhona ukukusiza, baphendule imibuzo yakho, futhi bakusize uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uqiniseka ngokuhlinzwa kwakho. Ukuphepha kwakho nenduduzo yakho kuhlala kuyinto eza kuqala kubo.

` Umhlengikazi Isikhulu Sokubulala Izinzwa, i-CRNA, i-Anesthesia, i-Anesthesiologist, i-Anesthesiologist, i-Anesthesiologist, i-Aurgery, i-Aurgery, i-Advanced Nursing Training