Wake wazibuza ukuthi amehlo ethu ahamba ngokushesha nangokunembile kangakanani lapho sifunda incwadi, sibheka imoto emgwaqweni, noma sikhuluma nothile? Konke lokhu kwenzeka cishe njengomlingo, ngaphandle kokuthi siqaphele. Ngakho-ke iqhawe eliyinhloko ngemuva kwale nqubo emangalisayo yi-oculomotor nerve, noma lokho esikubiza ngokwezokwelapha ngokuthi `(Oculomotor Nerve)`. Lena ingxenye yesithathu kwezimbili eziyinhloko zemizwa ezixhunywe ngqo ebuchosheni bethu. Yingakho siyibiza nangokuthi `(CN III)`.
Ngakho-ke uyini umsebenzi we-oculomotor nerve?
Kalula nje, le nzwa ilawula cishe imisipha eyisikhombisa ezungeze amehlo akho. Nakuba kunezinzwa ezintathu eziyinhloko ezihilelekile ekunyakazeni kwamehlo, lena yenza umsebenzi omningi. Kufana nomphathi oyinhloko ehhovisi.
Cabanga nje, amehlo akho angamakhamera amabili emzimbeni wakho. Lawa makhamera amabili adinga ukuphendulwa, ukusondezwa, nokulungiswa ngokuya ngokukhanya. Zonke izinkinobho ezihlobene nalowo msebenzi ziseduze nale nzwa.
Ake sibheke ithebula elingezansi ukuze sibone ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela ngalo mthambo.
| Umsebenzi oyinhloko | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphakamisa izinkophe | Uvula amehlo akho ekuseni futhi uwagcine evulekile usuku lonke ngenxa yezimpawu ezivela kulo mzwelo. |
| Ukujikijela amehlo phezulu naphansi | Yilokhu okukusiza ukuthi ubheke indiza esibhakabhakeni kanye nokuthile okuwele phansi. |
| Ukujikijela amehlo ngasekhaleni | Uma impukane iwela ekhaleni lakho, lo mthambo uphendulela amehlo akho ngaphakathi. |
| Ukulawula umfundi | Yile cilia efanayo enciphayo uma ivezwa ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo ukuze kuncishiswe inani lokukhanya okufinyelela iso, futhi ikhule ebumnyameni ukuze imunce ukukhanya okwengeziwe. |
| Ukugxila ngokulawula ilensi yeso | Uma ubheka into ekude bese uzama ukufunda incwadi eseduze, le nzwa ishintsha ukuma kwelensi yeso ukuze ibone kahle kuzo zombili izindawo. |
Kodwa khumbula, le nzwa akuyona yodwa elawula yonke intshukumo yamehlo. Eminye imizwa emibili isiza ngeminye imisebenzi emibili emincane. Yi-`(Trochlear nerve / CN IV)`, esiza iso ukuthi liphendukele ngaphakathi futhi libheke phansi, kanye ne-`(Abducens nerve / CN VI)`, esiza iso ukuthi liphendukele ngaphandle (ngaphakathi) .
Amakhono akhethekile ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwamehlo
Lo mthambo, kanye nezinye izinhlelo eziningana, usisiza ukuba senze izinto eziningi ngendlela efanele.
- Indawo Yokuhlala: Cabanga ngomuntu ekujikijela ibhola. Kungenxa yomsebenzi walo mthambo ukuthi ukwazi ukuqhubeka nokubona ibhola ngokucacile, ngaphandle kokuba lifiphale njengoba lisondela.
- Ukuskena ukunyakaza kwamehlo (Saccades): Lokhu ukunyakaza okusheshayo okuhambisa amehlo akho kusuka kwelinye igama kuya kwelinye, umugqa kuya komunye, uma ufunda iphephandaba noma incwadi. Kuyafana nalapho ubheka abantu ekamelweni ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Ukulandela okushelelayo: Leli khono likusiza ukuthi ulandele imoto emgwaqweni noma inyoni esibhakabhakeni ngaphandle kokususa amehlo akho kuyo.
- I-Vestibulo-ocular reflex: Lokhu kukusiza ukuthi ugcine amehlo akho engashintshi ngisho noma uphendula ikhanda lakho ngokushesha ngakwesobunxele noma kwesokudla. Kusebenza ngokubambisana nohlelo olulawula ibhalansi yakho.
- I-Pupillary light reflex: Le nerve ilawula inqubo lapho i-pupillary yeso ifinyela khona lapho ukukhanya okukhulu kungazelelwe kushaya iso, futhi iyanda lapho ukukhanya kuncipha.
Yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ezingathinta lo mzwelo?
Njenganoma yimuphi omunye umthambo emzimbeni wethu, umthambo we-oculomotor ungonakaliswa yizifo nezingozi ezahlukahlukene. Isimo lapho lo mthambo ungasebenzi kahle sibizwa ngokuthi ``Oculomotor nerve palsy.`` Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezingaba khona.
| Imbangela engaba khona | Kwenzekani? |
|---|---|
| Izinkinga zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi | Ikakhulukazi isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kunganciphisa ukuphakelwa kwegazi emthanjeni. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi "ischemia." Lokhu kungalimaza umthambo futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa ukusebenza kwemisipha ewulawulayo. |
| Ukulimala ekhanda nasebusweni | Ukulimala ekhanda noma endaweni ezungeze iso ngenxa yengozi kungalimaza ngqo le nzwa. |
| Izifo | Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye namagciwane, njengesifo seLyme, zingaphazamisa ukusebenza kwezinzwa. |
| Izifo zobuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa | Lo mthambo ungathinteka futhi yizifo ezithinta ukusebenza kobuchopho, njengesifo sohlangothi , i-migraine, kanye nokuquleka. |
| Ukuvuvukala | Ezinye izimo zokuzivikela komzimba zingabangela ukuthi izicubu ezizungeze imizwa zivuvuke, njenge-multiple sclerosis (MS). Lokhu kuvuvukala kungalimaza imizwa futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza kwayo. |
| Amathumba | Lo mthambo ungacindezelwa futhi wonakaliswe yizimila noma izimila ezivamile ebuchosheni. |
| Izimo zokuzalwa | Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izinkinga zivele lapho umntwana ezalwa ngenxa yokuthi imizwa noma izakhiwo ezizungezile azikhuli kahle. |
Wazi kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga ngale nzwa? (Izimpawu)
Uma kukhona ubuthakathaka noma umonakalo emsipheni we-oculomotor, ungase ubhekane nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo. Lokhu kungase kuqale ngokuzumayo.
- Ijwabu eligobile (i-ptosis): Isimo lapho ijwabu elilodwa libonakala ligobile phansi, lingakwazi ukuvula ngendlela evamile.
- I-Strabismus: Isimo lapho iso elilodwa liphendukela kwelinye icala, amehlo engakwazi ukukhomba ohlangothini olufanayo .
- Ukubona okukabili (i-diplopia): Ukubona into eyodwa njengokubili.
- Ukubona okufiphele: Ukubona izinto zifiphele, ukungakwazi ukubona kahle.
- Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu: Ubuhlungu bekhanda bungenzeka ngenxa yokucindezeleka okwengeziwe emehlweni.
- I-Mydriasis: I-iris yeso elilodwa inkulu kunelinye futhi ayiphenduli ekukhanyeni noma isabela kancane kakhulu.
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinjengalezi ngokuzumayo, ikakhulukazi uma unekhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokubona okubili, ukugoba kwamehlo, njll., kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo. Esimweni esinjalo, kufanele uye e- ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) ngokushesha okukhulu.
Yini esingayenza ukuvimbela lezi zinhlobo zezifo zezinzwa?
Njengoba nje sinakekela umzimba wethu wonke, kufanele sicabange nangempilo yale nerve. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela lezi zinto.
- Thola ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha minyaka yonke kanye nokuhlolwa kwamehlo. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga eziningi ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
- Gwema ukubhema, ukuhlafuna ugwayi, njll. ngokuphelele. Uma usuvele uyisebenzisa, cela usizo kudokotela wakho ukuze uyeke.
- Gwema ukulimala ekhanda. Gqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela uma ugibela amabhayisikili nezithuthuthu. Gqoka ibhande lesihlalo uma ugibela izimoto.
- Uma unezifo ezingamahlalakhona ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, zilawule kahle. Thatha umuthi owunikezwe udokotela wakho ngesikhathi. Landela imiyalelo njengoba nje inikeziwe.
Ekugcineni, le nzwa ye-oculomotor iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu esiza buthule cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo nsuku zonke. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwayo, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza akuyona ukwethuka noma ukwethuka, kodwa ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-oculomotor nerve iyi-nerve eyinhloko elawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo okuningi, ukuphakamisa amajwabu amehlo, kanye nosayizi weso elimnyama.
- Izimo zezokwelapha ezivamile ezifana nesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa kahle kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu zingalimaza le nzwa.
- Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokugoba kwamehlo, ukubona izinto ezimbili (ukubona izinto ezimbili), noma ubunzima bokujika iso elilodwa, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo nokuphatha kahle izifo ezingamahlalakhona, singavikela lonke uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa, okuhlanganisa nale nzwa.
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