I-Oligodendroglioma: Ake sifunde ngalolu hlobo lwesimila sobuchopho ngamagama alula

Ingabe uvame ukuba nekhanda ngaphandle kwesizathu? Noma uke waba nokuquleka ngokuzumayo okokuqala empilweni yakho? Ngezinye izikhathi isizathu esibi kakhulu salezi zinto umdlavuza wobuchopho. Ngisho nokuzwa la mazwi kusenza sesabe kakhulu, akunjalo? Kodwa namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomdlavuza wobuchopho olungavamile, kodwa olusabela kahle kakhulu ekwelashweni. Leyo yi-oligodendroglioma.

Kalula nje, iyini i-oligodendroglioma?

I-Oligodendroglioma iyisimila esikhula ebuchosheni. Akuvamile kakhulu, singakhula nasentanjeni yomgogodla. Lawa mathumba akhula ohlotsheni olukhethekile lweseli ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa olubizwa ngamaseli e-glial. Uma sikhuluma iqiniso, avela kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-oligodendrocytes' phakathi kwalawo maseli e-glial.

Manje ungase uzibuze ukuthi lawa maseli e-glial, ama-oligodendrocyte, ayini. Cabanga ukuthi uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa luyinkampani enkulu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko kulo wenziwa abasebenzi ababizwa ngama-neurons. Yibo abathwala imiyalezo esuka ebuchosheni iye emzimbeni futhi isuka emzimbeni iye ebuchosheni. Ngakho-ke kukhona iqembu labasizi abasiza la ma-neurons, bawavikele, futhi bawanike ukudla okunomsoco abakudingayo. Lawo amaseli e-glial .

Ngakho-ke ziyini lezi oligodendrocytes?

Leli gama lizwakala lingavamile, akunjalo? Lakhiwe ngamagama amaningana esiGreki.

• I-Oligo (i-Oligo-): encane
• I-Dendro (-dendro-): njengesihlahla
• Ama-Cytes (-cytes): amaseli

Kalula nje, kusho "amangqamuzana amancane anamagatsha afana nomuthi." Umsebenzi wala maseli ubaluleke kakhulu. Ama-neurons ethu anengalo ende ebizwa ngokuthi i-axon. Yilapho izimpawu zikagesi zihamba khona. Njengentambo kagesi . Ngakho-ke kukhona igobolondo elivikelayo elizungeze le-axon. Libizwa ngokuthi igobolondo le-myelin. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zihamba ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuvuza. Ukuthi igobolondo le-myelin lenziwe ngala maseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-oligodendrocyte . Iseli elilodwa le-oligodendrocyte lingenza igobolondo le-myelin elizungeze i-axon yama-neurons angaba ngu-30-40 phezulu naphansi. Yingakho kuthiwa linamagatsha afana nomuthi.

Ngakho-ke, i-oligodendroglioma iyisimila esikhula ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okungalawulwa kwamaseli e-oligodendrocyte, enza lowo msebenzi obalulekile.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zala mantongomane?

Yebo. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ihlukanise lezi zimila ngezigaba (amabanga) ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni bazo. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-oligodendroglioma. Ake sibheke lokhu ngendlela elula yokukuqonda.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-oligodendroglioma?

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zezimila zobuchopho zivela lapho isimila sikhula ngokwanele ukuqala ukucindezela izicubu zobuchopho ezizungezile. Izimpawu ezimbili ezivame kakhulu ze-oligodendroglioma ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nokuxhuzula . Eqinisweni, cishe abantu abangu-80% abanalesi sifo bahlushwa ukuxhuzula.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwesimila luvame ukuvela ku-cerebral cortex, ingxenye engaphandle kakhulu yobuchopho bethu eshwabene. Le ndawo iqukethe izikhungo ezibhekele imisebenzi yethu yansuku zonke, njengokubona, ukukhuluma, kanye nokulawula imisipha. Uma isimila sivuselela lezi zindawo, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokuquleka.

Ngaphezu kokuquleka, "izimpawu eziqondile" zingase zivele, okubonisa inkinga endaweni ethile yobuchopho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka kohlangothi olulodwa lomzimba noma uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso .
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuqonda okushiwo abanye (i-aphasia).
• Ukubona okubuthakathaka, ukubona okuphindwe kabili, ukubona okufiphele.
• Izinkinga zememori.
• Ubunzima bokucabanga nokugxila.

Iyini imbangela yalesi simo?

Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi une-oligodendroglioma, kumele kube nezinguquko ezimbili zofuzo.

Ake sithi kukhona incwadi enkulu yezindlela zokupheka enikeza imiyalelo kumaseli emzimbeni wethu. Siyibiza ngokuthi i-DNA. Izinto le DNA ehlanganiswe kuzo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-chromosome. Uma amaseli ehlukana, le ncwadi yezindlela zokupheka iyakopishwa. Ngezinye izikhathi amaphutha angenzeka ngesikhathi sokukopisha. Nokho, amaphutha amabili anjalo ayimbangela yalokhu.

1. Ukususwa kwe-1p/19q: Izingxenye ezimbili ezincane zama-chromosome ethu inombolo 1 kanye nenombolo 19 ziyasuswa. Lolu uphawu oluyinhloko lwezakhi zofuzo kulezi zimila.

2. Ukuguquka kwe-IDH1 noma i-IDH2: Ushintsho lwenzeka esakhiweni esakha i-enzyme esiza ngokuguqulwa kwezakhi zomzimba emzimbeni wethu.

Kuze kube manje, azikho ezinye izinto eziyingozi ezitholakale ngenxa yalesi simo.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Izinkinga zesimila sobuchopho zincike endaweni kanye nosayizi waso. Ezinye zezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uziqaphele yilezi:

• Ukuguqulwa okubulalayo: Ngezinye izikhathi, isimila esisezingeni eliphansi (iBanga lesi-2) singashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi sibe umdlavuza wezinga eliphezulu (iBanga lesi-3).
• Izimo ezifana nohlangothi: Njengoba isimila sikhula, ingcindezi ngaphakathi kobuchopho iyanda, okubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ivuvuke, okuholela ezimweni ezifana nohlangothi.
• Izinguquko emathanjeni ekhanda: Lawa mathumba angaba nzima ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-calcium. Isimila esikhula kancane singathinta namathambo ekhanda.

Ungasithola kanjani lesi sifo?

Uma uya kudokotela wakho uma unezimpawu, uzolandela izinyathelo ezimbalwa.

1. Ukuhlolwa kwesimiso somzimba nesezinzwa: Udokotela uzohlola ibhalansi yakho, amandla emisipha, umbono, kanye nokusabela komzimba.

2. Ukuthwebula izithombe: Kuyenziwa ukuskena ukuze kubhekwe ngaphakathi kwekhanda.

• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography): Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyinto yokuqala eyenziwayo uma kwenzeka into efana nokuxhuzula. Lawa mathumba angabonakala kahle kwi-CT scan ngoba aqukethe i-calcium.
• I-MRI scan (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kunganikeza umbono oningiliziwe wezicubu zobuchopho, usayizi, kanye nendawo yesimila.

3.I-Brain Biopsy: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okuqinisekisa lesi sifo ngo-100% . Ama-scan kuphela awakwazi ukukhombisa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi yi-oligodendroglioma. Ku-biopsy, udokotela wezinzwa ususa ingxenye encane kakhulu yesimila ngokuhlinzwa bese eyithumela elabhorethri. Lapho, amaseli abhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Aphinde ahlole ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko zofuzo esikhulume ngazo ngaphambili, ukususwa kwe-1p/19q kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-IDH . Uma kokubili kukhona, ngokuqinisekile yi-oligodendroglioma.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha? Kungenzeka yini ukuyelapha ngokuphelele?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezimila zobuchopho, i-oligodendroglioma ingenye yezimila ezilapheka kakhulu futhi ezilapheka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile ilashwa ngenhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha.

Ukuhlinzwa

Umgomo wokuqala nobaluleke kakhulu ukususa isimila esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi isimila singasuswa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuncike ezintweni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu besimila, indawo yaso, kanye nolwazi lukadokotela wakho.

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kunikezwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli angase ashiywe ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Kunemithi eminingi ephumelelayo ye-oligodendroglioma.

• Indlela yokwelapha nge-PCV: Lokhu kuyinhlanganisela yemithi emithathu: i-procarbazine, i-lomustine, kanye ne-vincristine.
• I-Temozolomide: Lesi sidakamizwa ngezinye izikhathi sisetshenziswa esikhundleni se-PCV ngoba sinemiphumela emibi embalwa futhi sisebenza kahle kakhulu njenge-PCV.

Ukwelashwa Ngemisebe

Lokhu kuhilela ukuqondisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu (efana nemisebe ye-X) endaweni yesimila, kubhujiswe noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo ezicutshini ezinempilo ezizungezile.

Udokotela wakho kanye nethimba lezokwelapha bazonquma ndawonye ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okufanele wena, ukuthi kuzohlala isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi ngabe udinga ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ngemisebe ngemva kokuhlinzwa.

Impilo izoba njani ngalesi sifo? (I-Outlook)

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi noma ubani abe novalo futhi ashaqeke lapho ezwa ngesimila sobuchopho. Kodwa i-oligodendroglioma akuyona into yokulahlekelwa yithemba.

Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu - iphesenti labantu abaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokuxilongwa - liphakathi kuka-69% no-90% wezimila ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngisho nasezimila ezisezingeni eliphezulu, liphakathi kuka-45% no-76%. Lezi yizibalo nje, isimo sakho singaba ngcono kakhulu.

Futhi, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka manje ngemithi emisha ehlose lezi zimila ngokuguqulwa kwe-IDH, ukuze sibe nethemba elihle ngekusasa.

Izinto ongazenza kanye nemibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho

Uma unalesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo enikezwe yithimba lakho lezokwelapha. Kubalulekile ukuya ekwelashweni ngesikhathi futhi uthathe imithi yakho ngendlela efanele. Ukwelashwa kungaba nemiphumela emibi. Ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngaso futhi ufunde ngalokho okungenziwa ngaso.

Ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho le mibuzo:

• Isiphi isigaba (ibanga) sesimila sami?
• Lokhu kukuphi ebuchosheni? Yimaphi amakhono okungawathinta?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Ingabe lesi simila singasuswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi noma izinkinga zokwelashwa?
• Ingabe ngidinga i-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa ngemisebe, noma kokubili?
• Injani isimiso sokwelashwa?
• Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngifune usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokwelashwa? (isib. ikhanda elibuhlungu elinzima, ukuquleka okuphindaphindiwe).