Ake sifunde kahle nge-open-angle glaucoma!

Wake wacabanga ukuthi amehlo ethu angakha izifo ngasese, ngaphandle kwesixwayiso? Empeleni kunezifo zamehlo esingazi nokuthi ziyeza, futhi ngesikhathi siqaphela, umonakalo usuvele wenzekile. Esinye sezifo zamehlo esiza ngasese futhi sonakalise umbono wethu futhi esivamile kubantu abaningi sibizwa ngokuthi i-open-angle glaucoma . Ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe namuhla, ngoba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini i-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Kalula nje, i-Open-Angle Glaucoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glaucoma. Ibangelwa ukulimala kwe-optic nerve engaphakathi kweso lakho. Cabanga ngayo njengohlelo lokukhipha amanzi olungaphakathi kweso lakho. Yilapho uketshezi olukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kweso (esilubiza ngokuthi i-aqueous humor) lukhishwa khona. Ku-Open-Angle Glaucoma, lolu hlelo lokukhipha amanzi kancane kancane, kancane kakhulu, luqala ukuvaleka. Awuzizwa nhlobo.

Uma lolu ketshezi lungakwazi ukuphuma kahle, luqala ukunqwabelana ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso (ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso - i-IOP) ikhuphuke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-ocular hypertension . Lokhu kucindezela okwandayo yikona okubangela umonakalo emthanjeni we-optic okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili.

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma yisimo esikhula kancane kakhulu, ngaphandle kwezimpawu ekuqaleni. Siyanda kancane kancane, futhi umbono wakho uyanyamalala kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi uqaphela, umbono wakho kungenzeka ukuthi wonakele kakhulu. Lo monakalo awunakuguqulwa. Yingakho uyingozi kangaka. Ukwelashwa kuhloswe kakhulu ekunciphiseni ingcindezi esweni nokuvimbela lesi sifo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu. Uma singelashwa, lesi simo singaholela ebumpumputheni.

Lokhu kuthinta kanjani umbono wakho?

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma iqala ngokulahlekelwa umbono endaweni ezungeze insimu yakho yokubona , ebizwa ngokuthi umbono wakho ongaphandle . Kubonakala sengathi umbono uba mnyama kancane kancane kuzo zombili izinhlangothi futhi unciphe phakathi. Iningi labantu liba nombono kuzo zombili amehlo, kodwa ngokuvamile elinye iso libi kancane kunelinye. Yingakho ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ukubona lesi sifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iso elibona kangcono kancane libuyisela ukulahlekelwa umbono kwelinye iso.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Abantu abaningi ababi nazo izimpawu kuze kube yilapho umbono wabo wonakele kakhulu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ungathola izinkomba ezintweni ezincane ezifana nalezi:

• Uma wehla izitebhisi, uphuthelwa yisinyathelo esisodwa.
• Uma ufunda incwadi noma iphephandaba, ezinye izinhlamvu zamagama ziyanyamalala.
• Uma ushayela imoto, kuba nzima ukufunda amabhodi ezimpawu kanye nama-nameplate emgwaqweni.
• Uma kukhanya kancane, isibonelo kusihlwa, izinto azibonakali kahle, futhi kuba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemibala.

Uma udokotela wakho wamehlo ehlola amehlo akho, angase abone amaphutha anjengokubona njengalawa:

• Iphutha lesinyathelo sempumulo : Ukukhanya kombono wakho obheke ekhaleni.
• Indawo engaboni kahle (`(Arcuate scotoma)`): Indawo emnyama egobile phezulu noma phansi kwensimu yokubona.
• Indawo engaboni ye-Paracentral (`(Paracentral scotoma)`): Indawo encane, emnyama eyindilinga eseduze kancane nesikhungo sokubona.
• Isici se-wedge yesikhashana : Indawo yokubona engunxantathu, emnyama ohlangothini lwendlebe.

Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kancane kancane uba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi umbono womhubhe , okwenza ubone sengathi ubheka ngepayipi.

Ingakanani ingozi ye-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma yisifo esiqhubeka kancane kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile. Sibi kakhulu ngoba singalimaza umbono wakho ungakaqapheli. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ukwelashwa kungamisa noma kunciphise ijubane lokuqhubeka kwalesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, uma singelashwa, singaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono ngisho nokungaboni.

Lesi sifo ngokuvamile asibuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangaba nenkinga ebizwa ngokuthi i-retinal venous occlusion . Uma kunjalo, amehlo angase abe buhlungu futhi umbono ungalahleka. Ukuselapha nakho kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane.

Kungani lokhu (i-Open-Angle Glaucoma) kwenzeka?

Sitshelwa ukuthi amehlo ethu anesimiso semvelo sokukhipha amanzi akhiqizwa yiso. I-Glaucoma yenzeka uma kunenkinga ngalolu hlelo lokukhipha amanzi, okubangela ukuthi uketshezi luqongelelane ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso ikhule futhi yonakalise i-optic nerve.

Ngezinye izikhathi inkinga ngesistimu yokukhipha amanzi isobala, ngezinye izikhathi ayibonakali. Ku-glaucoma evulekile, i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi ngaphakathi kweso ibonakala ivulekile futhi isebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, kukhona ukumelana ngaphakathi. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inkinga ise -trabecular meshwork . Lesi yizicubu ezifana nesiponji lapho uketshezi luphuma khona. Izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zihlose lesi zicubu.

I-OAG eyinhloko kanye ne-OAG yesibili

Le nkinga ifana nalokho okwenzeka ku-trabecular meshwork njengoba siguga. Njengoba siguga, amangqamuzana ayo ayancipha, isimo sayo siyashintsha, futhi iyeka ukusebenza kahle. Kunjengokungathi othile usheshise inqubo yokuguga kwalezi zicubu. Ezimweni eziningi, akukho sizathu esicacile esingatholakala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, odokotela bayibiza ngokuthi i-primary open-angle glaucoma (i-primary OAG).

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lolu hlelo lokukhipha amanzi lungavinjelwa ngenxa yesinye isimo sezokwelapha. Isibonelo, lungavinjelwa ukuvuvukala, ama-protein deposits, noma ukungcola kwamangqamuzana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-secondary open-angle glaucoma (`(Secondary OAG)`).

Kunzima ukunquma imbangela eqondile ye-OAG eyinhloko. Nakuba umfutho wegazi ophakeme emehlweni uvame ukuba khona, awuhlali ukhona. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe ingcindezi engaphakathi kweso ijwayelekile, kungase kube nezimpawu zokulimala kwe-optic nerve. Izici ezilandelayo zingandisa ingozi yokuthola i-OAG eyinhloko:

• Ukukhula kweminyaka: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 basengozini enkulu.
• Umlando womndeni: Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba ne-glaucoma, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi nawe ube nayo.
• Imvelaphi yezakhi zofuzo zase-Afrika: Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu kubantu bomdabu base-Afrika.

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma ihlolwa kanjani?

I-Glaucoma ingaba nzima ukuyixilonga uma ungenazo izimpawu noma ungaboni izinguquko embonweni wakho. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona udokotela wamehlo njalo ukuze ahlolwe amehlo . Uma udokotela wakho enamarekhodi akho adlule kanye nomlando wempilo yamehlo, angabheka izinguquko ezincane kanye nezici eziyingozi ezingaholela ku-glaucoma. Bangenza ezinye izivivinyo futhi baxilonge lesi sifo kusenesikhathi.

Ochwepheshe baxilonga i-Open-Angle Glaucoma ngokubheka izici ezilandelayo:

• Izinguquko emkhakheni wombono
• Ukulimala kwe-optic nerve kanye/noma ukucindezeleka okuphezulu esweni (`(IOP)`)
• I-engeli yokukhipha amanzi evulekile (`(i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi evulekile)`)

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe i-glaucoma:

• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo : Ukuhlolwa okulinganisa ubukhulu bokubona kwakho, okungukuthi, ukuthi ungabona kude kangakanani nxazonke.
• I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezicacile kakhulu, ezihlanganisa i-optic nerve nezinye izendlalelo ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izinto ezifana nobukhulu be-nerve kanye nomonakalo.
• I-Gonioscopy : Inqubo ehlola ngqo i-engeli yokukhipha amanzi yeso. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuthi i-engeli ivulekile, incishisiwe, noma ivinjiwe.
• I-Tonometry (`(Tonometry)`): Ukulinganisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi kweso (`(IOP)`). Kunezinsimbi ezahlukahlukene zalokhu.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezingcono kakhulu ze-Open-Angle Glaucoma?

Kunemithi nezinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakalayo zokwelapha i-glaucoma evulekile. Ukwelashwa okukulungele kuzoncika esimweni sakho nokuthi iso lakho lisabela kanjani ekwelashweni. Ukwelashwa okuningi kugxile ekwehliseni ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso (IOP). Ngisho noma i-IOP yakho ibonakala ingekho phezulu, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukuyinciphisa kunganciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-glaucoma. Lokhu kungasiza ekulondolozeni umbono wakho omningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Imithi ye-OAG

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma ivame ukwelashwa ngemithi. Lawa ngokuvamile amaconsi amehlo. Lawa akhulisa inani loketshezi oluphuma esweni noma anciphise inani loketshezi olukhiqizwayo. Lena yindlela ingcindezi eyehliswa ngayo. Ungakhathazeki, uketshezi olungaphakathi kweso lakho (aqueous humor) luhlukile kwezinyembezi ezigcoba amehlo akho. Ngakho-ke ukushintsha izinga lalolu ketshezi ngeke kwenze amehlo akho ome.

Nazi ezinye zemithi esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-OAG:

• Ama-Prostaglandin : Izibonelo: i-travoprost, i-bimatoprost, i-latanoprost. Lawa ama-hormone okwenziwa asiza uketshezi olusesweni ukuthi luphume ngendlela ehlukile (ukuphuma kwe-uveoscleral).
• Ama-Beta-blocker : Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-betaxolol ne-timolol. Lena imithi esetshenziswa futhi ekwelapheni izimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo. Inciphisa inani loketshezi esweni.
• Ama-Rho-kinase inhibitors : Isibonelo, i-netarsudil. Lawa asebenza ngokuvimbela isenzo sama-enzyme athile, aphumuza i-trabecular meshwork ngaphakathi kweso, okuvumela uketshezi ukuthi luphume kangcono.
• Ama-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (isib. i-brinzolamide, i-dorzolamide). Lawa asebenza ngokuvimbela isenzo se-enzyme eyenza uketshezi ngaphakathi kweso, okunciphisa ukukhiqizwa koketshezi.
• Ama-agonist e-Alpha-adrenergic : Isibonelo, i-brimonidine, i-apraclonidine. Le mithi ivuselela ama-receptor athile ezinzwa ngaphakathi kweso, inciphisa ukukhiqizwa koketshezi futhi ikhulise ukuphuma koketshezi.

Ukuhlinzwa kanye nezinqubo ze-OAG

Uma imithi inganikezi impumuzo eyanele, noma uma ungafuni ukuqhubeka nokuphuza imithi, udokotela wakho wamehlo angase akuncomele ukuhlinzwa kwe-OAG. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa okuncane kakhulu (`(ukuhlinzwa okuncane kakhulu)`) kunganconywa njengokwelashwa kokuqala ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenzisa imithi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma. Izinqubo eziningi ze-glaucoma evulekile zizama ukuthuthukisa ukuphuma koketshezi ku-`(trabecular meshwork)`.

Ezinye zezinqubo ezivame kakhulu ze-OAG yilezi:

• I-Laser trabeculoplasty : Lokhu kusebenzisa umsebe we-laser ukwelapha izindawo ezikhethiwe ze-trabecular meshwork yakho. Lokhu kubangela izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezicutshini, okuvumela uketshezi ukuthi luphume kangcono esweni.
• I-Goniotomy : Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kwe-glaucoma okungenangozi kakhulu okwenziwa egumbini lokuhlinza. Kuhilela ukususa i-trabecular meshwork enephutha/enamathele kanye nokuvula uhlelo lokukhipha amanzi emehlweni.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Tube Shunt(`(Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Tube shunt)`): Kulokhu, kufakwa idivayisi encane efana ne-tube (`(shunt)`) ngaphakathi kweso. Lokhu kudlula `(i-trabecular meshwork)` futhi kuvumela uketshezi ukuthi luphume esweni ngaleli payipi. Odokotela abahlinzayo basebenzisa amasu angangenisi kakhulu noma nini lapho kungenzeka.

Iyini inhloso ye-(Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Ngokwelashwa, abantu abaningi bangamisa ukuqhubeka kwe-open-angle glaucoma, noma okungenani bayinciphise. Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi umonakalo wokubona owenzekile ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukwelashwa awukwazi ukubuyiselwa emuva. Yingakho ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kangaka. Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu azibonakali, abanye abantu abaqapheli ukuthi balahlekelwa umbono wabo kancane kancane kuze kube sekwephuzile. Nakuba abantu abaningi bengabi yizimpumputhe, i-glaucoma iyimbangela yesibili ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe emhlabeni. Futhi iningi le-glaucoma yi-open-angle glaucoma.

Nakuba isizathu singacacile, i-glaucoma ithinta kakhulu abantu abanemvelaphi yezakhi zofuzo zase-Afrika kunabanye. Abantu baseMelika abansundu, abantu base-Afrika-Caribbean, kanye nabantu baseNtshonalanga Afrika banamathuba aphindwe kane okuthola lesi sifo. Bangase babe nalesi sifo emashumini eminyaka edlule, futhi banamathuba aphindwe kasithupha okuthola ukuthi banenkinga yokubona kakhulu. Ngemva kwe-cataracts, i-glaucoma (ngokuvamile i-OAG) iyimbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe kubantu abansundu.

Ingabe i-Open-Angle Glaucoma ingavinjelwa?

Njengoba ngokuvamile kungekho imbangela ecacile ye-open-angle glaucoma, ayikho indlela yokuyivimbela. Kodwa-ke , uma uyiqaphela kusenesikhathi bese uqala ukwelashwa, ungavimbela omunye womonakalo obangelwa yilesi sifo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza lokhu ukubona udokotela wamehlo njalo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo njalo. Uma usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-OAG, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okuvamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokwelashwa kokuvimbela.

Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani ngenkathi ngiphila ne-(Open-Angle Glaucoma)?

Uma uthatha imithi ye-glaucoma evulekile, kubalulekile ukuyithatha njengoba uyalelwe futhi ungalokothi uphuthelwe usuku. Ngokungafani nokuhlinzwa, imithi ayiyona ikhambi lesikhathi eside, elisebenza kanye kuphela le-OAG. Kuzodingeka uthathe le mithi nsuku zonke, mhlawumbe impilo yakho yonke. Uma unemiphumela emibi evela emithini, noma uma uzizwa ungazizwa ungcono ngemva kokuyeka imithi, kungaba nzima ukuqhubeka nokuyisebenzisa. Uma uhlelo lwakho lwamanje lokwelashwa lungasebenzi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ukuze uxoxe ngezinketho zakho.

I-Open-Angle Glaucoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-glaucoma. Ikhula kancane, ngaphandle kwesixwayiso, futhi ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Ingabangela ukulahlekelwa umbono ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele. Ukuzwa lokhu kungaba yinto eshaqisayo futhi edidayo kancane. Kodwa uma usuthole ukuxilongwa, ungaqala ukwelashwa. Abantu abaningi baphatha i-OAG ngempumelelo ngemithi kanye/noma ukuhlinzwa okungangenisi kakhulu.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulesi sihloko

• I-Open-Angle Glaucoma yisifo esingabonakali , okusho ukuthi singase singabonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni.
• Lokhu kungalimaza kancane kancane umbono wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele.
• Lo monakalo awukwazi ukubuyiselwa emuva , ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwubona kusenesikhathi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kungasithola lesi sifo kusenesikhathi futhi kuvikele ukubona kwakho.
• Kukhona ukwelashwa! Imithi noma ukuhlinzwa kungalawula lesi sifo futhi kuvimbele umonakalo owengeziwe.
• Uma une-glaucoma, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngqo. Sebenzisa imithi yakho njengoba kuyalelwe.

Kukuwe ukuthi unakekele amehlo akho. Ngakho-ke nakekela lokhu.

I - Glaucoma, I-Glaucoma Evulekile, Ukucindezeleka Kwamehlo, Ukulahlekelwa Ukubona, Izifo Zamehlo, Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo, Ukwelashwa Kwe-Glaucoma