Funda ngezinceku ezimbili eziyimfihlo eziqinisa amathambo ethu: ama-Osteoblast nama-Osteoclasts

Wake wazibuza ukuthi amathambo ethu aqine kangaka? Noma ukuthi, uma ingalo noma umlenze uphukile, uyaphulukiswa futhi ukhule kanjani? Uma sicabanga ngamathambo, siwacabanga njengezinto ezingenampilo, ezifana netshe. Kodwa empeleni, amathambo ethu ayaphila, ashintsha njalo izicubu, njengayo yonke eminye imizimba yethu. Kunezisebenzi ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ngemuva kwalo msebenzi omangalisayo. Sizokhuluma ngazo namuhla.

Zingobani lezi osteoblasts kanye nama-osteoclast?

Kalula nje, ama-osteoblast nama-osteoclast ayizinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli akhethekile atholakala ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Uma ehlangene, akhulisa amathambo ethu, awagcine eqinile, futhi alungisa izindawo eziphukile neziphukile.

La maseli amabili ayaqhubeka nokusebenza hhayi nje kuphela kusukela sisebancane kuze kube yilapho sikhula, kodwa ngisho nangemva kokuba sesikhulile. Njengeqembu lokulungisa.

• Ama-Osteoblast: Cabanga ngabo "njengababazi" bethambo. Bakha izicubu ezintsha zethambo futhi baqinise amathambo akhona. NgesiNgisi, babizwa ngokuthi "ama-blasts for builders." Lokho kusho ukuthi bayakha.
• Ama-Osteoclast: Lawa “ama-cleaner”. Aphula futhi ancibilikise izingcezu zamathambo ezindala, ezonakele, avumela ukwakheka kwamathambo amasha, aqinile. NgesiNgisi, abizwa ngokuthi “ama-clast abahlanzi”. Lokho kusho abahlanzi.

Laba ababili basebenza ndawonye njengeqembu. Omunye ususa okudala, kanti omunye wakha okusha esikhundleni sako. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwamathambo.

Kwenzekani ngempela kumaseli e-osteoblast?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, ama-osteoblast yiwo akha amathambo. Anemisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko:

1. Ukukhula kwamathambo amasha: Njengoba sikhula kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya ebudaleni, amathambo ethu ayakhula futhi akhule ngenxa yala maseli.

2. Ukulungiswa Kwamathambo: Njengoba sikhula, kusiza ekushintsheni isimo namandla amathambo ethu ukuze avumelane nendlela yethu yokuphila.

3. Ukwelapha amathambo aphukile nawonakele: Uma ithambo liphuka, yilawa maseli e-osteoblast akha izicubu ezintsha zamathambo ukuze aliphulukise.

Cabanga ngembobo emgwaqweni. Njengoba nje abakhi bomgwaqo befika begcwalisa umgodi nge-asphalt entsha, lapho ithambo lonakele, amangqamuzana e-osteoblast ayangena futhi alilungise.

Lo msebenzi wenzeka kanjani?

Uma ithambo lidinga ukukhula noma lapho lonakele, la maseli e-osteoblast athola isignali evela kuma-hormone namakhemikhali emzimbeni wethu. Abese enza ingxube ekhethekile yamaprotheni. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-bone matrix . Lokhu ikakhulukazi yi-collagen.Iqukethe amaprotheni, amaminerali afana ne-calcium ne-phosphate.

Le matrix yamathambo elungisiwe ibe isifakwa ethanjeni njengodaka lukasimende. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le ngxube iyaqina futhi iqine, yakhe izicubu ezintsha zamathambo.

Bangobani laba osteocytes?

Ama-osteocyte “abaqaphi” noma “abaphathi” abangaphakathi kwamathambo. Lawa maseli atholakala kakhulu emathanjeni. Ahlala eqapha ingcindezi kanye nesisindo esizwa yithambo. Uma kukhona ngisho nokuqhekeka okuncane noma umonakalo ethanjeni, lawa maseli e-osteocyte yiwo okuqala ukukubona. Uma esekubonile, athumela izimpawu kuma-osteoblast (lawo akhayo) kanye nama-osteoclast (lawo aphukayo) esikhulume ngawo ngaphambili, ethi, “Kunenkinga lapha, wozani nizobheka.” Bese lawo maqembu amabili efika futhi aqale umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Ngakho-ke kwenzekani kumaseli e-osteoclast?

Ama-osteoclast "yiqembu lokususa udoti" emathanjeni. Ayancibilikisa futhi asuse izicubu zamathambo ezindala, ezibuthakathaka, nezilimele. Lokhu akwenza ukuze avule indlela yokuthi amangqamuzana e-osteoblast akhe izicubu zamathambo ezintsha neziqinile.

Akhipha uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-enzyme. Lawa ma-enzyme ancibilikisa izicubu ezindala zamathambo. Kodwa lokhu akukubi njengoba ungase ucabange. Akufani nensimbi encibilikisa i-asidi njengakuma-cartoon. Lena inqubo elawulwa kakhulu futhi enembile . Izindawo eziphawulwe ngama-osteocytes kuphela ngokuthi "le ngxenye kuphela okufanele isuswe" zincibilikiswa futhi zisuswe ngamaseli e-osteoclast.

Uma lezo zingcezu ezindala zisusiwe, kwakheka imigodi emincane ebusweni bethambo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-osteoblast aqala ukusebenza. Angena futhi agcwalise leyo migodi ngethambo elisha, adale ithambo elisha sha, eliqinile.

Ingabe zikhona izifo ezithinta ukusebenza kwala maseli?

Yebo. Amathambo ethu aphilile uma nje la maseli amabili esebenza ngokulinganisela. Lokho kusho ukuthi kudingeka kube nokulinganisela okuhle phakathi kwesilinganiso sokwakheka kanye nesilinganiso sokususwa. Kodwa uma lokhu kulinganisela kulahleka, izifo ezahlukahlukene zingavela.

Cabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma izinga lokususwa kwethambo elidala (ama-osteoclast asebenza) lidlula izinga lokwenziwa kwethambo elisha (ama-osteoblast asebenza)? Khona-ke amathambo aba mancane kancane, abe buthakathaka, futhi aphuke kalula.

Ezinye zezifo eziyinhloko ezibangelwa yilezi zinkinga yilezi:

• I-Osteoporosis: Lesi yisimo esivame kakhulu. Amathambo aba nezimbobo, abe buthakathaka, futhi angaphuka ngisho noma ewa kancane.
• I-Osteopenia: Lesi yisigaba sokuqala esandulela i-osteoporosis. Kuwukwehla kobuningi bamathambo ngaphansi kwamazinga ajwayelekile.
• I-Hyperparathyroidism: Ukukhishwa ngokweqile kwe-hormone ye-parathyroid kubangela ukuthi i-calcium ilahleke emathanjeni, okuwenza abe buthaka.
• Isifo sikaPaget sethambo: Lesi yisimo lapho inqubo yokuvuselelwa kwamathambo iphazamiseka khona, okubangela ukuba amathambo aguge futhi abe buthakathaka.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo yamathambo ethu?

Udokotela wakho ngeke avame ukuhlola lawa maseli akhethekile ngokwehlukana. Kunalokho, uzokwenza izivivinyo ezingabheka impilo yesistimu yonke yamathambo. Lezi zivivinyo zizoyalwa uma kukhona okusolakala ngesimo esifana ne-osteoporosis.

• Ukuhlolwa kobuningi bamathambo: Lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-DXA scan.Kubizwa nangokuthi ukuskena kwamathambo. Kusebenzisa ama-X-ray asezingeni eliphansi ukukala amandla amathambo akho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuthi amathambo akho aya eba buthakathaka njengoba ukhula.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Vitamin D: Kuhlola ukuthi umzimba uthola i-vitamin D eyanele yini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-calcium: Kuhlola amazinga e-calcium egazini kanye nomchamo osebenza amahora angama-24.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Intact parathyroid hormone (IPTH).
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Creatinine: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenzelwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso, njengoba impilo yezinso ibaluleke kakhulu ekulinganiseni kwe-vitamin D kanye ne-calcium.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine amathambo ethu ephilile?

Ukugcina amathambo ethu eqinile kusezandleni zethu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula esingazenza:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco okuhle, ikakhulukazi ukudla okucebile nge-calcium kanye ne-vitamin D (ubisi, iyogathi, ushizi, inhlanzi encane, imifino eluhlaza).
• Yenza izivivinyo zokuthwala izinsimbi. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukugijima, kanye nokukhwela izitebhisi zilungele ukuqinisa amathambo.
• Gwema ukubhema ngokuphelele. Ukubhema kuyimbangela enkulu yamathambo abuthakathaka.
• Thatha izithasiselo ze-calcium ne-vitamin D uma kudingeka, njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngemva kokubonisana nodokotela wakho .
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, abesifazane asebekhulile, kanye nalabo abanezinye izifo ezingamahlalakhona ukuthi babonane nodokotela wabo njalo ukuze bahlole impilo yamathambo abo.

Manje usungabona ukuthi la maseli amabili amancane abaluleke kangakanani ekugcineni amathambo ethu ephilile. Ahlala enza umsebenzi wawo buthule, evuselela futhi eqinisa amathambo ethu. Ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wethu ukubasiza benze umsebenzi wabo ngendlela efanele.