Wake wazibuza ukuthi imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziselwa izifo ezingathi sína, ingalimaza ukuzwa kwakho noma umuzwa wokulinganisela? Lesi yisimo esaziwayo kwezokwelapha esaziwa ngokuthi yi -ototoxicity . Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, ukuyiqonda kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yakho. Kwa-Nirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukusiza uqonde kahle ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthini.
Kuyini i-Ototoxicity?
Kalula nje, ubuthi be-ototoxicity buvela lapho umuthi ubangela umonakalo endlebeni yangaphakathi njengomphumela oseceleni. Leli gama lisuselwa ku-"oto," okusho indlebe, kanye ne-"ubuthi," okusho ubuthi. Empeleni, lichaza isimo lapho into ethile inomphumela onobuthi ezakhiweni ezibucayi zendlebe yakho yangaphakathi.
Indlebe yakho yangaphakathi iqukethe amangqamuzana amancane, azwelayo ezinzwa anesibopho sokukwazi kwakho ukuzwa kanye nomuzwa wakho wokulinganisela. Imithi ethile—njengaleyo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezinzima noma umdlavuza—ingalimaza lawa maseli azwelayo, okuholela ekusheshisweni kwe-ototoxicity.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-ototoxicity?
Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Zingavela ngokushesha nje lapho uqala umuthi, noma zikhule kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, izimpawu zingase zingaveli kuze kube izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ngemva kokuphela kokwelashwa.
Ngokuvamile, esinye sezibonakaliso zokuqala umuzwa wemisindo yokuzwa engekho, njengokukhala, ukubhuza, noma ukuklewula. Odokotela bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi i-tinnitus , futhi ngokuvamile kungaba uphawu lwesixwayiso sokuqala sokulahlekelwa ukuzwa.
Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa (endlebeni eyodwa noma zombili).
- Ukuzizwa ungazinzile noma ulahlekelwa yibhalansi yakho, ikakhulukazi lapho uhamba noma ukhuphuka izitebhisi.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba ebusuku noma ezindaweni ezikhanya kancane.
- Ukuhamba okubanzi (ukuhamba izinyawo zakho ziqhelelene kakhulu) ukuze ulondoloze ibhalansi.
- Umuzwa wokuthi izinto ezimile ziyajikeleza, owaziwa ngokuthi i-oscillopsia .
- Isiyezi, ikhanda elibuthakathaka, noma ukukhathala okuqhubekayo.
Cabanga ngobunzima bokuzama ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke ngenkathi uzizwa unesiyezi noma ungazinzile ezinyaweni zakho. Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukuzithatha ngokungathi sína.
Lokhu kubathinta kanjani abantwana?
Ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisafunda ukukhuluma, ubuthi obuvela ezilwaneni bungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekufundeni kwazo nasekuthuthukisweni komphakathi. Njengomzali, hlala uqaphele lezi zinkomba:
- Ubunzima bokugxila esikoleni noma ngenkathi ufunda imisebenzi emisha.
- Ukukhathala ngokushesha uma kudingeka ukulalela isikhathi eside.
- Ukulwela ukuqonda abanye, ukungabaza ukukhuluma, noma ukwanda kokuhoxa. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela ekwephuzeni ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo.
Uma ingane evame ukulangazelela ukufunda ngokuzumayo inenkinga yokugxila noma ivame ukukhononda ngokukhathala, ungamane nje uyishaye indiva njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo—kuyafaneleka ukuxoxa ngalezi zinkinga nodokotela wezingane.
Kungani kwenzeka i-ototoxicity?
Kunemithi engaphezu kuka-200 eyaziwayo ebulala amagciwane engathinta indlebe yangaphakathi. Eminye idinga ukunikezwa udokotela, kanti eminye, njengemithi ethile yokuqeda ubuhlungu, itholakala ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imithi eminingi ehlotshaniswa nokusha kwesibindi iyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo . Isibonelo, imithi esetshenziselwa umdlavuza noma ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamagciwane ibalulekile. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inzuzo yokulondoloza impilo ivame ukwedlula ingozi yemiphumela emibi engase ihlobene nendlebe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminingi yale mithi ibeka ingozi yokusha kwesibindi kuphela uma ithathwa ngemithamo ephezulu kakhulu, okungavami ukunqunyelwa iziguli eziningi.
Ezinye zezigaba eziyinhloko zemithi ezingase zithwale le ngozi zifaka:
Ama-Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Lezi yizinhlobo zama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukutheleleka okukhulu kwamagciwane. Kanye ne-chemotherapy, zingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokusha kwe-ototoxicity. Izibonelo zifaka:
- I-Amikacin
- I-Gentamicin
- I-Kanamycin
- I-Neomycin
- I-Netilmicin
- I-Streptomycin
- I-Tobramycin
- I-Vancomycin (ngezinye izikhathi ifakiwe kulesi sigaba)
Imithi Yokwelapha Nge-Chemotherapy
Imithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha izinhlobo ezahlukene zomdlavuza ngezinye izikhathi ingaba yingozi endlebeni:
- I-Carboplatin
- I-Cisplatin
Ama-Diuretics e-Loop (“Amaphilisi Amanzi”)
Le mithi isiza izinso ukususa usawoti namanzi amaningi emzimbeni. Eminye ihlanganisa:
- I-Bumetanide
- I-Ethacrynic acid
- I-Furosemide
- I-Torsemide
Ezinye izinto
Ngokuvamile, okulandelayo kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwe-ototoxicity:
- I-Quinine: Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha umalaleveva.
- Ama-salicylates: Lawa aqeda ubuhlungu ngaphandle kokunikezwa udokotela. Eyaziwa kakhulu yi -Aspirin . Izinkinga zivame ukwenzeka kuphela ngemithamo ephezulu, yesikhathi eside.
- Amakhemikhali emvelo: Ukuchayeka ezintweni ezifana ne -mercury , i-tin, i-lead, noma i-carbon monoxide ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela kulesi simo.
Yiziphi izinto ezibangela ingozi?
Ingozi yokusha kwe-ototoxicity ayifani kuwo wonke umuntu. Kuye ngemithi oyiphuzayo, udokotela wakho uzochaza izici zakho eziyingozi, ezivame ukufaka:
- Uhlobo lomuthi: Eminye imithi inengozi enkulu kuneminye.
- Isilinganiso: Inani lomuthi onikezwayo.
- Ubude besikhathi: Isikhathi osithathayo umuthi.
- Ukwelashwa Okuhlanganisiwe: Ukuthatha imithi eminingi engaba yingozi ngesikhathi esisodwa kungandisa ingozi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi izici ezithile zofuzo zingadlala indima. Isibonelo, ukuhlukahluka kofuzo oluthile kungenza abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sofuzo lapho bethatha ama-antibiotic e-aminoglycoside.
Izinkinga ezingaba khona zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-ototoxicity
Ukulimala kwendlebe yakho yangaphakathi okubangelwa imithi ebulala amagciwane ngokuvamile akunakulungiseka . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ubhekane nezinselele zesikhathi eside ngokuzwa kwakho kanye nokulinganisela.
Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane, lezi zinkinga zokuzwa zingaphazamisa kakhulu ikhono lazo lokufunda ukukhuluma, ukufunda ulimi, nokuthuthukisa amakhono abalulekile okuxhumana. Cabanga ngalokhu: uma ingane ingakwazi ukuzwa amagama ngokucacile, ingafunda kanjani ukuwasebenzisa ngempumelelo?
Nakuba umonakalo ungase ube unomphela, udokotela wakho angaqapha isimo sakho ngenkuthalo, elaphe izimpawu ezithile njengoba zivela, futhi anikeze ukwesekwa okudingekayo ukuze akusize uphathe lezi zinguquko.
Lesi simo sibonakala kanjani?
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu, kungadingeka ukuthi ubonane nodokotela we-Otolaryngologist (uchwepheshe we-ENT) noma udokotela we-Audiologist. Bazokwenza izivivinyo ezithile ngokusekelwe ezimpawini zakho ukuze bahlole impilo yendlebe yakho yangaphakathi.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, udokotela wakho angahlola ukuzwa kwakho kanye nokulinganisela ngaphambi kokuthi uqale umuthi ongase ube yingozi esikhumbeni. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungabuye kuphindwe njalo phakathi nokwelashwa kwakho. Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezincane ezibangelwa yimiphumela emibi ngokushesha okukhulu.
Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo?
Ukuze ahlole ukuthi indlebe yakho yangaphakathi isebenza kanjani, udokotela wakho angase atuse okulandelayo:
- I-Audiogram: Lolu vivinyo lulinganisa ikhono lakho lokuzwa imisindo ehlukene, okuhlanganisa amathoni athambile naphezulu, amaphimbo ahlukahlukene, nokuthi uyiqonda kahle kangakanani inkulumo.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR): Lokhu kuhlola indlela i-auditory nerve yakho esabela ngayo emsindweni nokuthi lezo zimpawu zidluliselwa kanjani ebuchosheni bakho.
- Ukuhlolwa Kokukhishwa Kwe-Otoacoustic (OAEs): Amaseli ezinwele athambile ngaphakathi kwe-cochlea yakho akhiqiza ukudlidliza okuncane kakhulu ngenxa yomsindo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa lokho kudlidliza ukuze kutholakale ukuthi la maseli asebenza kahle kangakanani.
- Ibhethri lokuhlola i-Vestibular: Lolu uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zokuphenya izinkinga zokulinganisela, okuhlanganisa i-Videonystagmography (VNG) yokulandelela ukunyakaza kwamehlo, i-Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs), izivivinyo zesihlalo esijikelezayo, kanye ne-video Head Impulse Testing (vHIT).
Iphathwa kanjani i-ototoxicity?
Ngokudabukisayo, ukuyeka umuthi obangela ubuthi akukwazi ukubuyisela emuva umonakalo osuvele uvele. Kodwa-ke, ukuyeka noma ukulungisa umthamo (noma nini lapho kungenzeka ngokwezokwelapha) kungavimbela ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo.
Njengoba kushiwo, imithi eminingi enobuthi iyindlela yokwelapha esindisa impilo. Ngakho-ke, ukuyiyeka noma ukwenza izinguquko ezibalulekile ohlelweni lwakho lokwelashwa akuyona inketho ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ezimweni ezinjalo, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoqapha ngokucophelela impendulo yakho emithini futhi likusize ulawule noma yiziphi izimpawu eziba khona.
Amathuluzi namasu okuphatha izimpawu
Nakuba umonakalo uvame ukuba khona unomphela, kunezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho:
- Izinsiza-kuzwa: Lawa madivayisi asiza labo abanenkinga yokuzwa ukuzwa ukuthi bezwe inkulumo ngokucacile futhi benze ukuxhumana kube lula.
- Ukufakelwa kwe-Cochlear: Lena idivayisi kagesi yokuhlinzwa yabantu abanenkinga enkulu yokuzwa abangazuzi ngokwanele ezinsizakalweni zokuzwa ezijwayelekile.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Vestibular: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha ngokomzimba ekhethekile. Uma usebenza nodokotela wezokwelapha, uzofunda izivivinyo zokusiza ubuchopho bakho ukuthi buvumelane nokungalingani kwendlebe yangaphakathi, okunganciphisa kakhulu isiyezi kanye nokungazinzi ngenkathi uhamba.
Ingabe ubuthi obungasuswa emzimbeni bungavinjelwa?
Akuvinjelwa ngokuphelele ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba le mithi ngezinye izikhathi ibalulekile kwezokwelapha ukuze isindise impilo yakho.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlonza izimpawu kusenesikhathi kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi angenelele ngokushesha futhi mhlawumbe anciphise umonakalo owengeziwe. Uma uthatha umuthi owaziwa ukuthi unobungozi bokusha kwesisu, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze futhi akutshele ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso okufanele uziqaphele.
Lesi simo sihlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Ukulimala kwendlebe yangaphakathi ngenxa yokushisa kwamangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana amangqamuzana abomvu ...
Ngenxa yokuthi le mithi esindisa impilo ngokuvamile ayinakuyekiswa, udokotela wakho uzokwakha uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside oluhambisana nokuxilongwa kwakho ukuze akusize ubhekane nalezi zinselele ngempumelelo.
Ngingazinakekela kanjani mina noma ingane yami?
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngezingozi nemiphumela emibi engaba khona yanoma yimuphi umuthi onikezwe udokotela. Ungalokothi unqikaze ukubuza imibuzo.
- Uma ubona noma yiluphi ushintsho ekuzweni kwakho, ekulinganiseni, noma kwezinye izinzwa ngemuva kokuqala umuthi omusha, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kubonakala kuncane kangakanani.
- Uma ungumzali noma umnakekeli, qaphela kakhulu ukuziphatha kwengane yakho. Njengoba izingane zingase zibe nobunzima bokuchaza izimpawu, qaphela izimpawu ezinjengobunzima bokugxila, ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, noma ukukhungatheka, okungase kuvele ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yezinkinga zokuzwa noma zokulinganisela ezingatholakali. Uma ungabaza, funa umbono wochwepheshe.
I-ototoxicity iqala ngokushesha kangakanani?
Lokhu kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Kwabanye, imiphumela emibi ivela ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa. Kwabanye, izimpawu zingase zingabonakali kuze kube izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka kamuva. Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zinemiphumela ebambezelekile, kubalulekile ukunamathela esimisweni sokuqapha isikhathi eside sikadokotela wakho sokuhlola ukuzwa nokulinganisela.
Khumbula, imithi eminingi ehlotshaniswa nobuthi obuvela emisebeni, njengemithi ethile yokulwa namagciwane kanye nemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali, isindisa impilo. Nakuba ithwala ingozi endlebeni engaphakathi, inzuzo yezokwelapha—ukwelapha ukutheleleka okukhulu noma ukwelapha isifo esisongela impilo—ivame ukuba ngaphezu kwezingozi.
Uma uphuza umuthi ongathinta izindlebe zakho, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngezibonakaliso zesixwayiso. Uma izinguquko zishesha ukutholakala, kulapho ithimba lakho lokunakekela laseNirogi Lanka lingakunikeza ukwesekwa kanye nokulungiswa okudingayo ngokushesha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ngamafuphi, nansi imibono ebalulekile engxoxweni yethu:
- Ubuthi be-Ototoxicity bubhekisela ekulimaleni kwendlebe okubangelwa imithi ethile. Lokhu kungathinta ngqo ukuzwa kwakho kanye nomuzwa wakho wokulinganisela.
- Hlala uqaphile ngezimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezifana nokuzwa i-tinnitus (ukukhala ezindlebeni), ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma isiyezi esiqhubekayo.
- Nakuba eminye imithi esindisa impilo inale ngozi, izinzuzo zezokwelapha zivame ukwedlula kakhulu imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Kodwa-ke, ukuba nolwazi nokuthatha isinyathelo kuqala kubalulekile.
- Uma unikezwe umuthi owaziwa ngokuthi unobuthi, xoxa nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinkinga futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uya kuzo zonke izivivinyo ezinconywayo.
- Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibonakala zincane kangakanani, zibike kudokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni isimo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.
Ukuphatha impilo yakho kungumthwalo wakho wemfanelo, futhi eNirogi Lanka, sithemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luzokunika amandla okwenza lokho kanye!
