Ingabe nawe uthola izimila ezinjengalezi ema-ovari akho? (Ama-Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors) Ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Wake wezwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimila ezikhula emaqanda? Ezinye zazo aziyona ingozi, kodwa ezinye zazo ziyinto okufanele sikhathazeke ngayo. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo olukhethekile lwesimila esikhula emaqanda abesifazane. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors'. Nakuba igama liyinkimbinkimbi kancane, masiliqonde kalula.

Yiziphi lezi 'zimila ze-Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors' ezenzeka kuma-ovari?

Kalula nje, lolu hlobo lwesimila luvela kumaseli egciwane angaphakathi kwama-ovari wesifazane. Njengoba wazi, ama-ovari ayizitho ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokuzala lwabesifazane. Lawa yilawo akhiqiza amaqanda ngesikhathi sakho sokuzala. Ngakho-ke, amaseli egciwane angaphakathi kwala ma-ovari yiwo kamuva aba amaqanda. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi, amaningana ala maseli ayahlangana futhi akhe isimila esingavamile. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi 'ama-tumor eseli legciwane'.

Esikhathini esiningi, la ma-cyst akhula esibelethweni esisodwa kuphela, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abonakale kuzo zombili izibeletho.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi iningi lala mathumba eseli lamagciwane awabi nabungozi . Okusho ukuthi, awawona umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, akuvamile kakhulu, angaba yingozi . Uma lokho kwenzeka, la mathumba angasakazeka futhi alimaze izicubu ezinempilo. La mathumba eseli lamagciwane anesifo somdlavuza awuhlobo olungavamile kakhulu lomdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo zalezi 'zimila zamangqamuzana egciwane'?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zala mantongomane. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezibonwayo:

• I-teratoma evuthiwe (i-dermoid cyst): Lezi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu nolungangcolisi lwe-germ cell tumor. Ngokuvamile zenzeka kubantu abaseminyakeni yobusha, amashumi amabili, noma amashumi amathathu. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi i-teratoma ngoba zingaqukatha izinwele noma amazinyo. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, azinawo umdlavuza.
• I-Dysgerminoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesimila esiyingozi samagciwane. Kodwa-ke, ama-70% alawa kuthiwa awanamandla. Ayelapheka kakhulu futhi. Avame ukuvela kubantu abaseminyakeni yawo-20 namashumi amathathu.
• I-teratoma engakavuthwa: Lolu uhlobo lwesimila esinomdlavuza (esiyingozi) esikhula kancane . Singasakazeka sisuka esibelethweni siye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba (i-metastasis). Sivame ukwenzeka kubantu abaneminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphansi.
• Amathumba e-Yolk sac (aziwa nangokuthi amathumba e-endodermal sinus): Lawa nawo ayingozi.Uhlobo lwesimila. Lokhu kukhula ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kusakazeka ngokushesha. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engu-20 noma ngaphansi. Kungavela nasezinganeni ezincane ezingakaqali ukuya esikhathini (cishe u-40%).
• Izimila ezixubile zamaseli egciwane: Lezi izimila eziyingozi . Zingase zibe nohlobo olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwezimila. Ngokuvamile, ziyinhlanganisela yezimila ze-dysgerminoma kanye ne-yolk sac.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana ezingavamile kakhulu zamathumba eseli legciwane:

• I-carcinoma ye-embryonal
• I-Choriocarcinoma
• I-Polyembryoma

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Amathumba esibeletho esibeletho ayindlela evame kakhulu yesibeletho kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yobudala yokuzala nabangaphansi. Isibonelo, ama-70% amathumba esibeletho kwabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kweyi-10 neyi-30 alolu hlobo. Kodwa-ke, awavamile kakhulu kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kweyi-40.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi cishe ama-95% ala mathumba eseli lamagciwane angama-teratomas angenabungozi, avuthiwe . Amathumba eseli lamagciwane adala ama-2% kuya kuma-3% kuphela omdlavuza wesibeletho.

Ziyini izimpawu? Uzibona kanjani?

Lezi zimila zamangqamuzana egciwane zingaba nzima ukuzibona ezigabeni zokuqala. Izimila ezingezinhle zingase zingabangeli zimpawu kuze kube yilapho sezinkulu. Izimila eziyingozi zingase zingabonisi zimpawu kuze kube yilapho umdlavuza ususakazeke.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunaka lezi zimpawu:

• Ubuhlungu besisu, ukungakhululeki, noma ubuhlungu uma ucindezelwa. (Lokhu kungaqala ngokuzumayo futhi kube nzima.)
• Isisu esigcwele, ngezinye izikhathi isisu kuphela esikhula kakhulu kuyilapho ezinye izingxenye zomzimba ziba zincane.
• Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu , njengohudo noma ukuqunjelwa.
• Izinguquko emikhubeni yokudla , njengokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
• Ukopha okungajwayelekile kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane , okusho ukopha ngaphandle kokuya esikhathini noma ngemva kokuya esikhathini.

La ma-nuts angakhiqiza ama-hormone athile, angabangela izinguquko ezithile emzimbeni wakho. Isibonelo:

• Izimpawu zokukhulelwa kwasekuqaleni njengokukhathala, isicanucanu kanye nokuthamba kwamabele.
• Ukuthomba kusenesikhathi , kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.

Kungani lawa 'mathumba eseli lamagciwane' akheka?

Amathumba esibeletho abangelwa izinguquko emangqamuzaneni ocansi, noma amaseli okuzala , ahlangana ukuze akhe isimila. Ochwepheshe basacwaninga ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka nokuthi ubani onamathuba amaningi okusidala.

Nakuba la ma-cyst angakhula kunoma ubani onama-ovari, avame ukubonakala kwabesifazane abaneminyaka yokuzala nabancane.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingabangelwa yilokhu?

Ukwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba, noma ngabe isimila singengozi , singaqhuma noma sibangele ukugoba kwesibeletho . Uma isimila sikhulu, maningi amathuba okuba lokhu kwenzeke.

Ukususa isimila kungavimbela lezi zinkinga.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu?

Ngemva kokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, udokotela wakho uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana. Okubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic ukuhlola amaqhubu noma ezinye izinkinga esiswini sakho, e-pelvis, kanye nangasese. Kungadingeka futhi ukuthi uhlolwe ama-scan kanye negazi.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Uma kusolwa ukuthi kunesimila se-ovarian germ cell, odokotela bazokwenza i -ultrasound edlula esithweni sangasese sowesifazane kuqala. Lokhu kungabheka ngaphakathi esiswini sakho ukuze babone ukuthi kukhona yini izimila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan) noma i- MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging - i-MRI) nayo ingenziwa ukusiza ekuxilongeni lesi simo. Lokhu kuskena kungabonisa imininingwane eminingi kune-ultrasound.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ungase ube nokuhlolwa kwegazi okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-serum tumor marker . Lokhu kuhlola amazinga ezinto ezithile emzimbeni wakho. Amazinga aphezulu ezinto ezifana ne -alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) , i-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) , noma i-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) egazini kungaba uphawu lwezimila ze-ovarian germ cell.

Ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okunembile, udokotela kuzodingeka asuse isimila noma lonke iqanda elithintekile ukuze lihlolwe. Udokotela wezifo , udokotela ogxile ekuhlaziyweni kwezicubu, uzohlola la maseli elabhorethri ukuze anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lwesimila nokuthi siyingozi noma asibi.

Uma kuyisimo somdlavuza, yiziphi 'izigaba' zaso?

Uma isimila siyingozi , odokotela bazohlukanisa umdlavuza njengengxenye yokuxilonga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-staging . Bazosebenzisa ama-scan anjenge -CT scan noma i-PET scan (positron emission tomography scan) ukukala ubukhulu besimila nokuthola ukuthi sikuphi ngqo. Lolu lwazi luzosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi hlobo luni lokwelashwa oludingayo nokuthi imiphumela yokwelashwa izoba yini.

Ngokuvamile, uma 'isigaba' siphansi, kulapho amathuba okwelapha umdlavuza eba maningi khona.

Izigaba zezimila zegciwane le-ovarian ezinomdlavuza zimi kanje:

• Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza usezidlekeni zakho kuphela.
• Isigaba sesi-2: Umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izicubu ezisesinqeni sakho, njengemibhobho ye-fallopian noma isibeletho.
• Isigaba sesi-3: Umdlavuza ususakazekele kuma-lymph node noma olwelwesini lwezitho zakho ze-pelvic noma esiswini ( i-peritoneum ), kodwa awusakazekelanga ngale kwesisu.
• Isigaba 4 (umdlavuza osakazekile): Umdlavuza ususakazekele esibindini sakho noma esplenini, noma ezicutshini nasezithweni ezingaphandle kwesisu sakho, njengamaphaphu akho.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Iningi lezimila zamangqamuzana egciwane lingelashwa futhi lelapheke. Uhlelo lokwelashwa olutholayo luzoncika ngobukhulu besimila nokuthi ngabe siyingozi (siyingozi) noma asibi (siyingozi).

Kodwa-ke, uma usukhulile ekuzaleni, udokotela wakho uzozama ukulondoloza ama-ovari akho ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze alondoloze ukuzala kwakho.

Ukwelashwa kwezimila zegciwane le-ovarian ezingengozini

Odokotela bazosusa izimila ezingenabungozi ngokuhlinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, lonke i-ovary ( i-oophorectomy ) noma ingxenye ye-ovary ( i-ovarian cystectomy ) kungadingeka isuswe ukuze kususwe ngokuphelele isimila. Bangase futhi batuse ukuhlinzwa okuvulekile ( i-laparotomy ) noma uhlobo lokuhlinzwa olungangenisi kakhulu olusebenzisa ukusikwa okuncane ( i-laparoscopy ).

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi izimila ezingenabungozi ziphinde zikhule ngemva kokususwa kwazo.

Ukwelashwa kwezimila zegciwane le-ovarian elibi

Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwesimila kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Ukwelashwa okuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa: Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi kususwe elilodwa noma womabili ama-ovari noma ama-fallopian tubes akho ( oophorectomy ). Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwama-ovari nama-fallopian tubes, ungase futhi ukhishwe i-hysterectomy ngokuphelele, okususa isibeletho sakho kanye nomlomo wesibeletho .
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Ku-chemotherapy, udokotela wakho ukunika umuthi ongene emithanjeni yakho, ngokuvamile ngokufaka umuthi . Imithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi iwavimbele ukuthi aphindaphindeke. Ungase uthole i-chemotherapy amasonto noma izinyanga eziningana.

Sinjani isimo ngemva kokwelashwa? (I-Outlook)

OkuhleImiphumela yokwelashwa kwezimila ze-ovarian germ cell mihle kakhulu. Lezi zimila ezingenabungozi ngokuvamile azibuyi ngemva kokususwa.

Imiphumela yezimila zegciwane ezibulalayo iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesimila kanye nesigaba somdlavuza. Odokotela bezifo zomdlavuza banquma lokhu ngokubala ukuthi bangaki abantu abanomdlavuza othile abasaphila eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokuxilongwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu.

Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza ungakasabalali ngale kwama-ovari, izinga lokusinda liphakathi kuka-94% no-98%. Kumdlavuza osakazeke ngale kwendawo yokuqala, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lingaba ngu-73%. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, udokotela wakho uzokuqapha eduze futhi akwelaphe uma umdlavuza uphindela .

Ingabe lo 'mdlavuza wamangqamuzana amagciwane' ungelapheka ngokuphelele?

Kuncike futhi ohlotsheni nasesigabeni sesimila. Isibonelo, i-dysgerminoma yesigaba sokuqala ingelashwa nge-chemotherapy, ngesilinganiso sokwelashwa esiseduze ne-100%. Izinhlobo ezingathi sína kakhulu, njengezimila ze-yolk sac, zingase zingelapheki ngokuphelele, kodwa ukwelashwa kungalawula ukukhula kwesimila kanye nokusabalala komdlavuza.

Udokotela wakho angakuchazela ukuthi umdlavuza we-ovarian germ cell uzokwenzeka nini (kufaka phakathi ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi ululame), kuye ngokuthi uxilongwe kanjani.

Ingabe ikhona indlela yokuvimbela lokhu ukuthi kungenzeki?

Izimila zamangqamuzana egciwane azinakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, ungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqaphe impilo yakho futhi ahlole ingozi yomdlavuza wakho ngokuya njalo ekuhlolweni .

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu zesimila se-ovarian germ cell , bonana nodokotela ngokushesha . Amanye amathumba e-germ cell akhula ngokushesha kakhulu. Ukuwabona kusenesikhathi nokuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kungandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okululama.

Yimiphi imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela?

Uma uthola ukuthi unesimila se-ovarian germ cell, nansi eminye imibuzo okufanele uyibuze udokotela wakho:

• Ingabe lesi simila siyingozi noma asinabungozi?
• Yiziphi ezinye izivivinyo okudingeka ngizenze ukuze nginqume ukuthi hlobo luni lokwelashwa engiludingayo?
• Hlobo luni lokwelashwa olunconywayo?
• Yini engingayilindela ngemva kokwelashwa?
• Ingabe ukuxilongwa noma ukwelashwa kwami ​​kuzothinta ikhono lami lokuba nomntwana?

Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya

Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu zesimila se-ovarian germ cell , bonana nodokotela ngokushesha.. Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akulona ingozi (akunabungozi). Ukuhlinzwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka noma ukugoba kwesimila esikhulu. Akuvamile, uma isimila siyingozi, ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okululama. Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa njalo ukuze uqaphe impilo yakho yokuzala kanye nezitho zomzimba.

Ama- cyst esibeletho, izimila ze-germ cell, umdlavuza wesibeletho, impilo yabesifazane, i-teratoma, i-dysgerminoma, izimpawu zomdlavuza