Ake sifunde ngqo ngezifo ezingavamile ezihambisana nomdlavuza (ama-Paraneoplastic Syndromes)!

Wake wezwa ngomuntu onomdlavuza eba nezimpawu ezingabangelwa umdlavuza ngokwawo, kodwa ezibangelwa ezinye izifo? Kufana nokuthi umdlavuza usengxenyeni eyodwa yomzimba, kodwa imiphumela yawo isakazekela kwezinye izingxenye. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi (ama-Paraneoplastic Syndromes) . Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa ake sixoxe ngokwenzekayo. Ungesabi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Iyini i-paraneoplastic syndrome?

Kalula nje, uma unomdlavuza, siwubiza ngokuthi i- Paraneoplastic Syndrome , okuyilapho ezinye izimpawu zivela khona emzimbeni ngaphandle kokubangelwa ngqo amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Cabanga nje, kukhona umdlavuza emzimbeni, kodwa amanye ama-hormone noma amaprotheni akhishwa yiwo abangela ukuthi uhlelo oluthile emzimbeni luqale ukusebenza ngendlela ehlukile. Noma, ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba ethu, ngenkathi ezama ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ahlasela ngamaphutha amangqamuzana amahle. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba . Lezi zimpawu zingavela nasezimweni ezinjalo.

Ama-Paraneoplastic syndrome angathinta izinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene emzimbeni. Isibonelo, uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa , uhlelo lwe-endocrine (uhlelo olwenza ama-hormone), izinso , amathambo , amalunga , isikhumba, kanye negazi konke kungathinteka.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu zenye yalezi (ama-Paraneoplastic Syndromes) ziyizimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu.

Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athinteke yilesi simo? (Ubani othinteka yi-paraneoplastic syndromes?)

Ama-Paraneoplastic syndromes avame kakhulu kubantu abaseminyakeni ephakathi nendawo kanye nabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi labo abanezimo ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu , umdlavuza we-lymphatic , umdlavuza wesibeletho , noma umdlavuza webele . Izinto ezifanayo ezibangela umdlavuza nazo zingabangela la ma-syndromes.

Zivame kangakanani lezi? (Zivame kangakanani izifo ze-paraneoplastic?)

Ama-Paraneoplastic Syndromes atholakala phakathi kuka- 8% no-20% wabantu abanomdlavuza. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuzona zonke iziguli ezinomdlavuza eziba nawo, kodwa angathinta inani elikhulu.

Yimiphi imidlavuza ehlotshaniswa nama-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Noma ubani onesimila somdlavuza (i-Paraneoplastic Syndrome)Nakuba noma yikuphi kungenzeka, kunezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nalezi zimo:

• Umdlavuza webele
• Umdlavuza wesisu
• I-Leukemia
• I-Lymphoma
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu (ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wamaphaphu wamangqamuzana amancane)
• Umdlavuza wesibeletho
• Umdlavuza we-pancreatic
• Umdlavuza we-prostate
• Umdlavuza wezinso
• Umdlavuza wamasende

Yini ebangela ama-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Sesixoxile kakade ukuthi kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zalokhu.

1. Izinto ezikhishwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza: Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza zikhipha ama-hormone namaprotheni . Lezi zinto zibangela ukuthi ezinye izitho zomzimba zisebenze ngendlela engajwayelekile. Uma zingalashwa, lokhu kungadala ngisho nomonakalo ohlala njalo.

2. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwesimiso somzimba: Isimiso somzimba wethu somzimba sikhona ukuze sisivikele ezifweni. Lolu hlelo lukhiqiza izinto ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies . La ma-antibodies ayaqaphela futhi abhubhise amaseli angajwayelekile, njengamaseli omdlavuza. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, la masignali ayaphambana bese ama-antibodies eqala ukuhlasela namaseli anempilo. Yilapho kuvela khona izimpawu ze- (Paraneoplastic Syndrome) .

Ziyini izimpawu ze-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Izimpawu ezivela kulokhu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Kuya ngokuthi yiluphi uhlelo lomzimba oluthintekile. Ngokumangazayo, ezimweni ezingaphezu kuka- 60% , izimpawu zalesi sifo zivela ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholakale. Ngakho-ke, uma lezi zimpawu zibonakala kusenesikhathi, umdlavuza ungatholakala futhi welashwe kusenesikhathi. Khona-ke amathuba okuphumelela kokwelashwa aphezulu.

Izimpawu ezivamile

Lezi ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu:

• Imfiva
• Ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo
• Ukujuluka ebusuku

Uma uhlelo lwezinzwa luthinteka

Uma uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluphakathi (okungukuthi, ubuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla) kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa olungaphandle (izinzwa eziphuma ebuchosheni kanye nomgogodla) zithintekile, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Isiyezi
• Umbono ophindwe kabili
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Izimo zesifo sokuwa ( ukuwa )
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukunciphisa ukusabela, imizwa noma ukuhlangana
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakho

Cabanga nje, umuntu unomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa ngokuzumayo uqala ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo yakhe, akhulume kabi lapho ekhuluma, futhi abe nobunzima bokugcina ibhalansi yakhe lapho ehamba. Yilapho odokotela besola khona ukuthi lokhu kuyi- (Paraneoplastic Syndrome) .

Uma uhlelo lwe-endocrine luthinteka

Uma uhlelo lwakho lwe-hormone luthintekile, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukukhathala okukhulu
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukwanda kwesisindo ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesizathu

Uma amalunga, amathambo nemisipha kuthinteka (Amalunga, amathambo nemisipha - i-rheumatologic)

Uma lezi zinhlelo zithinteka:

• Izimo ezifana ne-arthritis
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala noma ukuqina

Uma kuthinta isikhumba (Isikhumba)

Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba singathinteka futhi:

• Ukuluma
• Ukuhlanza
• Isikhumba esijiyile
• Ukukhula kwesikhumba okungekuhle (okungewona umdlavuza)

Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze -Paraneoplastic Syndromes . Zihlukaniswa ngokwendlela ezithinta ngayo uhlelo ngalunye.

Izifo ze-paraneoplastic zesistimu yezinzwa

Ezinye izibonelo:

• `(Ukonakala kwe-cerebellar)`: Lokhu kuwumonakalo ku-cerebellum, okuthinta izinto ezifana nokulinganisela nokuhamba.
• I-Dysautonomia: Ithinta ukusebenza kwesistimu yezinzwa ezizimele.
• I-Encephalitis: Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho.
• I-Encephalomyelitis: Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nomgogodla.
• I-Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS): Ibangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• I-Myasthenia gravis (MG): Lesi esinye isimo esibangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha.
• I-Myelopathy: Izifo ezithinta umgogodla.
• I-Neuromyotonia: Umsebenzi wemisipha oqhubekayo.
• `(I-Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome)`: Ukunyakaza okungajwayelekile kwamehlo nemisipha.
• `(I-Neuropathy (i-peripheral neuropathy))`: Ukulimala kwemizwa engaphandle.
• `(Isifo somuntu oqinile)`: Ukuqina kwemisipha kanye nokufinyela okubuhlungu.

Izifo ze-paraneoplastic zesistimu ye-endocrine

Izibonelo:

• `(I-Cushing's syndrome): Isimo esibangelwa ukwanda kwe-cortisol ye-hormone.
• I-Hypercalcemia: Amazinga e-calcium akhuphukile egazini.
• `(Isifo Sokukhishwa Kwama-hormone Okungafaneleki Okulwa Nokugaywa Kwegazi (i-SIADH))`: Isimo esibangela ukugcinwa kwamanzi emzimbeni.

Izifo ze-rheumatic paraneoplastic

(kuthinta amalunga, amathambo, imisipha kanye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo)

Izibonelo:

• `(I-Eosinophilic fasciitis)`
• `(I-Erythromelalgia)`
• `(I-hypertrophic osteoarthropathy)`
• `(I-Palmar fasciitis)`
• `(I-Paraneoplastic polyarthritis)`

Izifo ze-paraneoplastic zegazi

Izibonelo:

• `(I-Paraneoplastic erythrocytosis)`: Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhuphukile.
• `(I-Paraneoplastic thrombocytosis)`: Ama-platelet egazi akhuphukile.

Izifo ze-paraneoplastic zesikhumba

Izibonelo:

• I-Acanthosis nigricans: Amabala amnyama, ajiyile esikhumbeni.
• I-Dermatyositis: Ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba nemisipha.
• I-Leukocytoclastic vasculitis: Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi emincane.
• `(I-paraneoplastic pemphigus)`: Isimo esibangela ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.
• `(I-Sweet syndrome)`: Umkhuhlane kanye nezilonda zesikhumba ezibuhlungu.

Izifo ze-paraneoplastic zezinso

I-paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis yisifo esithinta izinso.

I-paraneoplastic syndromes itholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoxilonga lesi simo ngokukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, nokwenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological: Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sivame ukuthinta isimiso sezinzwa, udokotela wakho uzokucela ukuthi wenze izinto ezithile ukuhlola ukuthi ubuchopho bakho nemisipha yakho kusebenza kanjani. Bazohlola izinguquko emandleni akho, inkumbulo, kanye nokuxhumana.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Ukuhlolwa okufana ne -CT scans , i-MRIs , kanye ne-ultrasound kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini isimila esibangela izimpawu.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungaveza izinto ezingase ziphakamise izinsolo mayelana nomdlavuza. Kungahlola nama-antibodies ahlobene nama -paraneoplastic syndromes . Lokhu kuhlolwa kunganquma nokuthi izimpawu zibangelwa yini ezinye izimbangela, njengokutheleleka noma ukungalingani kwama-hormone.
• Ukubhoboza umgogodla/umgogodla: Kwezinye izimo, uketshezi lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) luyahlolwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini ama-antibodies ahlasela amangqamuzana anempilo. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka inalithi encane emhlane wakho ongezansi bese uthatha isampula yoketshezi. Lube seluhlolwa.

Lezi zimo ziphathwa noma zelashwa kanjani? (Ziphathwa noma zelashwa kanjani izifo ze-paraneoplastic?)

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwelapha umdlavuza oyisisekelo obangela izimpawu zakho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphatha nezimpawu zakho ukuze unciphise umonakalo ezithweni zomzimba wakho noma ezinhlelweni zomzimba wakho.

Ezinye zezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa ukuphatha i-Paraneoplastic Syndromes :

• Ama-Corticosteroids:Imithi efana ne-`(Cortisone)` noma `(prednisone)`. Le mithi isebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• Ukucindezeleka Kwamasosha omzimba: Imithi enciphisa ukusabela kwesimiso somzimba wakho sokuzivikela. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imithi ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwe -paraneoplastic syndrome onayo.
• I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Lokhu kwelashwa kusebenza ngokubhubhisa ama-antibodies ayingozi. Kulokhu, ama-antibodies anempilo anikezwa njengomjovo, obhubhisa ama-antibodies ayingozi.
• I-Plasmapheresis: Lokhu kuhilela ukususa i-plasma (ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi) egazini ukuze kuncishiswe inani lama-antibodies, akhona kule plasma futhi angalimaza izicubu ezinempilo.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba nangokwenkulumo: Lokhu kuhilela ukuvivinya imisipha ukuze kuthuthukiswe imisebenzi efana nokukhuluma nokunyakaza. Ungadinga lokhu kwelashwa uma une- paraneoplastic syndrome ehlobene nesimiso sezinzwa.

Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-paraneoplastic syndrome?

Ukubikezela kwakho kuncike kakhulu esigabeni somdlavuza wakho. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu ezibangelwa yilesi sifo zingase zibe zincane futhi zibe zesikhashana. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukuphathwa isikhathi eside.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi isigaba somdlavuza wakho kanye nendlela osabela ngayo ekwelashweni kuzokuthinta kanjani ukululama kwakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nama-paraneoplastic syndromes?

Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene. Ezinye zingaba zincane, kanti ezinye zingaba zimbi kakhulu futhi zisongele impilo uma zingelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzochaza izinkinga ezingaba khona kanye nezinketho zokwelapha kuwe.

Kufanele ngishayele nini udokotela ucingo mayelana nezifo ze-paraneoplastic?

Uma uba nezimpawu ze- paraneoplastic syndrome ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, bona udokotela. Ikakhulukazi uma uke welashwa umdlavuza eminyakeni emihlanu edlule futhi uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthi uphinde uhlolwe. Lokhu kuzosiza udokotela wakho ukuthi anqume ukuthi umdlavuza ubuyile yini.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Eminye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho:

• Iyini imbangela yezimpawu zami?
• I-(Paraneoplastic Syndrome) yami iyithinta kanjani uhlelo lwami lokwelapha umdlavuza?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• OkwamiI-Paraneoplastic Syndrome ikuthinta kanjani ukululama kwami?
• Ingabe izimpawu zami zizothuthuka ngemva kokwelashwa komdlavuza?
• Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu esikhathini esifushane? Ungazilawula kanjani izimpawu esikhathini eside?

Ekugcineni, umyalezo okufanele uwuthathe uye nawo ekhaya

Izimila ezinomdlavuza zingabangela izinguquko ezingalindelekile emzimbeni. Ngezinye izikhathi, zingase zihlanganise nezimpawu ze- paraneoplastic syndrome . Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zalezi syndromes futhi izimpawu ziyahlukahluka, kungathatha isikhathi ukuthi udokotela wakho aqaphele ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlobene nomdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuxilongwa sekuqinisekisiwe, angakwazi ukwelapha izimpawu futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, aphathe umdlavuza oyisisekelo .

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphatha i- Paraneoplastic Syndrome ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu komdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, ungazinaki izimpawu. Uma unokungabaza, bona udokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Kulapho kuphela lapho sonke singahlala siphilile khona.

Izifo ze - Paraneoplastic, umdlavuza, izimpawu, isimiso sezinzwa, isimiso se-endocrine, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, ukwelashwa komdlavuza