Ake sifunde kabanzi nge-encephalitis. Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle kokwesaba!

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesifo esizwakala sibi kakhulu. Leso yisifo somkhuhlane wobuchopho, noma njengoba odokotela besibiza kanjalo (i-Encephalitis) . Ngisho noma igama lingase lizwakale liyesabeka kancane, uma sazi kahle ngalo, singathatha isinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi siyini, kungani senzeka, nokuthi singaqaphela kanjani?

Iyini le mfiva yobuchopho (i-Encephalitis)?

Kalula nje, i-encephalitis ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala okwenzeka ngaphakathi kobuchopho bethu . Njengoba nje ukuvuvukala kwenzeka lapho silimala endaweni ethile emzimbeni wethu, lokhu kungenzeka nasebuchosheni. Esikhathini esiningi, kubangelwa igciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa nangokuthi "i-acute viral encephalitis", okusho umkhuhlane wobuchopho obangelwa yigciwane. Elinye igama elithi "aseptic encephalitis". Konke lokhu kubhekisela esimweni esifanayo.

Ubani othola lokhu kakhulu?

I-Encephalitis empeleni iyisifo esingavamile . Akwenzeki kuwo wonke umuntu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuba nayo.

• Kwabantwana abancane
• Kwabadala (okungukuthi, kulabo abafana nogogo nomkhulu bethu)
• Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka . Okusho ukuthi, labo imizimba yabo engakwazi ukulwa nezifo. Isibonelo, abantu abane-HIV/AIDS, abantu abanezifo ezifana nomdlavuza, noma abantu abaphuza imithi ecindezela izivikeli mzimba zabo basengozini enkulu.

Ngokusho kwemibiko evela ezinhlanganweni ezifana ne-World Health Organization (CDC), izinkulungwane zabantu ziba nalesi sifo minyaka yonke. Kodwa-ke, odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi abantu abaningi bangase bahlushwe yilesi sifo, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ngezinye izikhathi zicashile kakhulu, noma ziqala njengomkhuhlane ovamile, abantu abaningi bangase bangaziboni njenge-encephalitis.

Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?

Izimpawu zalokhu zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu babhekana nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu , kanti abanye bazithola kancane kakhulu .

Ngokuvamile, uma ukugula kungekubi kakhulu...

Uma lesi sifo singesibi kangako, izimpawu ezinjengalezi zingabonakala:

• Umkhuhlane uyaqala.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• I-Anorexia (ukungazizwa sengathi ufuna ukudla)
• Ukuzizwa ulahlekelwe amandla
• Kuzwakala sengathi uzizwa usinda emzimbeni .

Uma ukugula kukubi kancane...

Kodwa-ke, uma lesi sifo (i-encephalitis) siba sibi kakhulu, izimpawu zingaba zimbi kakhulu .

• Ngiphethwe umkhuhlane omubi.
• Ikhanda lami libuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuzizwa unesicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Intamo iba lukhuni, kube nzima ukuyigoba (intamo iqine)
• Ukudideka - Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuqonda kwakho kudidekile kancane, okwenza kube nzima ukukhumbula ukuthi wenzani noma ukuthi ukuphi.
• Ukushintsha kobuntu - Ungase ungabi ngumuntu ofanayo owawunguye ngaphambili.
• Ukuthuthumela noma ukudlikizelaUkudlikizela/ukuquleka kungase kwenzeke.
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma nokuqonda okuzwiwayo
• Ukubona izinto ezingekho nokuzwa imisindo engekho (imibono engekho)
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Ukuzizwa ulele kakhulu
• Ngezinye izikhathi, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (i-coma) kungenzeka.

Okubalulekile: Uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ezinkulu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha , ngoba lokhu kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo.

Banjani ababelethi bobisi kanye nezingane ezincane?

Kungaba nzima kancane ukubona lezi zimpawu ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa kanye nezingane ezincane ezingakakwazi ukukhuluma. Ngoba aziqondi ukuthi kwenzekani kuzo. Ngakho-ke, njengabazali, kudingeka siqaphele kakhulu lezi zinto:

• Ukuhlanza
• Uma ingxenye engaphezulu yekhanda ibonakala igcwele noma ivuvukele, kusuke "kuvuvukala indawo ethambile / i-fontanel" - indawo ebucayi ekhanda lomntwana.
• Uma umntwana eqhubeka nokukhala, noma ekhala kakhulu uma umphakamisa noma umthinta .
• Ukuqina komzimba
• Uma ulele, ungadlali, futhi ubonakala ungaphili (ukudinwa)

Cabanga ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi kuqala njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane, bese kuvela lezi zimpawu (ze-Encephalitis). Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi lesi sifo singavela ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kwesixwayiso kusengaphambili . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lezi zimpawu.

Kungani lokhu (i-Encephalitis) kwenzeka? Ziyini izimbangela?

Ngokuvamile, kubangelwa amagciwane . I-Encephalitis ingabangelwa amaqembu amathathu amakhulu amagciwane:

1. Iqembu lamagciwane e-Herpes `(amagciwane e-Herpes)`:

• Sonke siyalazi igciwane elibangela i-chickenpox .
• Leli gciwane libizwa ngokuthi i-`EBV (i-Epstein-Barr virus). Yilokhu okubangela lesi sifo `(mono)` (i-mononucleosis ethelelanayo).
• Igciwane le-herpes simplex yilona elibangela izindebe eziqhekekile kanye nama-blister emlonyeni.

2. Amagciwane kanye namanye amagciwane adluliselwa yizinambuzane:

• Igciwane laseWest Nile liyigciwane elidluliselwa ngokulunywa omiyane.
• Izifo ezidluliselwa ngamakhizane. Isibonelo, amagciwane abangela isifo saseLyme kanye nomkhuhlane onamabala eRocky Mountain .

3. Amagciwane abangela izifo ayevame kakhulu ebuntwaneni kodwa manje asencishisiwe ngenxa yemigomo:

• Isimungumungwane
• Ama-mumps
• Isimungumungwane saseJalimane

"Ngenhlanhla, njengoba manje sekukhona imijovo yalezi zifo, ukwanda kwalezi (i-encephalitis) kuphansi kakhulu. Yilokho inani lemijovo."

Ngaphezu kwalezi zimbangela eziyinhloko, i-encephalitis ingabangelwa nezinye izimbangela ezingavamile:

• Ngenxa yokutheleleka ngamagciwane . Isibonelo, kukhona uhlobo lomkhuhlane wobuchopho olubizwa ngokuthi i-bacterial meningitis , njengenkinga yalo.
• Njengenkinga yezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo, njenge -syphilis .
• Ngoba kuyi -parasite . Isibonelo `(toxoplasmosis)`. Lokhu kungadluliselwa ngendle yamakati athelelekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenziwa izivivinyo ezingaki, imbangela eqondile ye-encephalitis ayikwazi ukutholakala . Kumelwe sikukhumbule nalokho futhi.

Ingabe i-Encephalitis iyisifo esithathelwanayo?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapha ukuthi ukuvuvukala kobuchopho akudluliswa ngokuqondile kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye . Kodwa-ke, igciwane elibangela i-encephalitis lingadluliselwa . Isibonelo, uma i-encephalitis ibangelwa igciwane le-chickenpox, igciwane le-chickenpox lingadluliselwa komunye umuntu. Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umuntu othola i-encephalitis lapho lelo gciwane lingena emzimbeni. Kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengokuzivikela komzimba komuntu kanye nohlobo lwegciwane.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu (i-Encephalitis)?

Uma udokotela esola ukuthi unesifo sofuba, uzokwenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze athole ukuthi unesiqiniseko.

• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: Lokhu kungabonakala ngaphakathi kobuchopho.
• I-CT scan (i-CT scan - i-computed tomography scan)
• Ukuskena kwe-MRI `(i-MRI - imaging ye-magnetic resonance)`

Lezi ziskeni zihlola ukuvuvukala, ukopha, noma ezinye izinkinga ebuchosheni.

• I-EEG (i-electroencephalogram): Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqopha amaza kagesi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlola amabhaktheriya noma amagciwane egazini. Kuhlola nokuba khona kwamaprotheni akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi ama-antibodies , akhiqizwa emzimbeni ngokumelene negciwane.
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar / ukuthepha komgogodla: Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha inani elincane loketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal, uketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho bethu kanye nomgogodla, bese uluhlola ukuthi alunazo yini izimpawu zokutheleleka. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane, odokotela bakwenza lokhu ngokucophelela futhi kuphela uma kudingeka ngempela.

Iphathwa kanjani i-encephalitis?

Izingane eziningi ezine-encephalitis zidinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ukuze zelashwe, ngezinye izikhathi zisegumbini lokunakekelwa okujulile .Ukwelashwa kwenziwa "e-ICU - iyunithi yokunakekelwa okujulile". Lapho, odokotela nabahlengikazi bahlala beqapha umfutho wegazi wengane, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, kanye namazinga oketshezi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuvuvukala okwengeziwe kobuchopho.

Izinhlobo zemithi enikeziwe

Odokotela basebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi kuye ngokuthi imbangela kanye nezimpawu zesifo:

• Imithi yokulwa namagciwane: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-encephalitis, isibonelo lezo ezibangelwa yigciwane le-herpes simplex, zingelashwa ngale mithi.
• Ama-Corticosteroids: Lawa anikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala ebuchosheni.
• Imithi Yokulwa Nokuxhuzula: Uma ingane inesifo sokuxhuzula, le mithi inikezwa ukuze iyilawule.
• Izinhlungu ezivamile: Unganikeza i-acetaminophen (njenge-paracetamol) yomkhuhlane kanye nekhanda elibuhlungu. Lokhu kungathengwa ekhemisi.
• Ama-antibiotic: Lawa awasebenzi ngokumelene namagciwane. Ngakho-ke, njengoba izimo eziningi ze-encephalitis zibangelwa amagciwane, ama-antibiotic awavamile ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, uma kubangelwa ukutheleleka ngamagciwane, khona-ke ama-antibiotic anikezwa.

Ukululama kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi eside

Iningi labantu liyalulama ngokuphelele ekuhlaselweni yi-encephalitis, kodwa kwezinye izimo, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kungabangela izinkinga zesikhathi eside .

• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma
• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukuntuleka kokulawula imisipha

Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, ukwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa ngenkulumo, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, noma ukwelashwa ngokomsebenzi kungasiza.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama kulesi sifo?

Ezimweni eziningi, isigaba esibi kakhulu salesi sifo (lapho izimpawu zinzima kakhulu) singahlala cishe isonto . Kodwa ukululama okuphelele kuthatha isikhathi eside . Kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga. Kuyahlukahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Ingabe i-encephalitis ingavinjelwa?

Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ngqo i-encephalitis. Kodwa-ke, singakwazi ukuzivikela kwezinye izifo ezingadala lesi sifo .

• Imijovo: Imijovo enikezwa izingane zisencane ingabavikela ezifweni eziningi. Ngakho-ke, landela uhlelo lokugoma njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekutshelile.
• Gwema abantu abanegciwane: Uma umazi umuntu one-encephalitis, gwema ukuxhumana naye eduze (ikakhulukazi uma lesi sifo sibangelwa igciwane).
• Geza izandla zakho njalo nangokuphelele: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi wonke umuntu emndenini wakho ahlakulele lo mkhuba.

Wenzani ukuze uzivikele komiyane?

Kubalulekile ukuzivikela komiyane, njengoba bengabangela i-encephalitis, igciwane elidluliselwa omiyane.

• Omiyane baningi kakhulu ekuseni nakusihlwa (ngaphambi nje kokuphuma kwelanga nangaphambi nje kokushona kwelanga). Zama ukugwema ukuba ngaphandle ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi nalezi zikhathi.
• Gqoka izingubo ezimboza umzimba wakho uma uphuma ngaphandle, njengezikibha ezinemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade.
• Sebenzisa isixosha izinambuzane .
• Susa amanzi amile eduze kwekhaya lakho. Uma amanzi eqoqana ngamabhakede, ezindaweni zokugeza izinyoni, ezitsheni zezimbali, emathayini, njll., lezi ziyindawo yokuzalela omiyane.

Ungazivikela kanjani ezinkingeni?

Izifo ezithwalwa yizimpukane (i-encephalitis) nazo zingaba yimbangela.

• Nciphisa ukuchayeka njalo kwezingane enhlabathini, emaqabunga, nasemagatsheni ezihlahla .
• Uma udlala ngaphandle, njengasehlathini, gqoka izingubo ezinemikhono emide, ezinombala okhanyayo kanye namabhulukwe amade .
• Uma izingane zakho zibuya ekhaya zivela osukwini lokuphumula, zihlole ukuthi azinazo yini izimpukane . Hlola nezilwane ezifuywayo (izinja, amakati).

Kufanele uye nini kudokotela?

Lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu . Uma ingane yakho inalezi zimpawu, kufanele ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha . Kungcono ukungalibali.

Uma ingane yakho inomkhuhlane omkhulu , ikakhulukazi uma ike yaba nesifo sobuntwana (njengesimungumungwane, ugonogono, noma i-chickenpox) noma isalulama kulokho kugula , tshela udokotela.

Kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu:

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu
• Ukuxhuzula /ukuxhuzula
• Intamo eqinile
• Ukungakwazi ukubuka ukukhanya okukhanyayo
• Ukubona izinto ngezindlela ezimbili (ukubona okukabili)
• Ubunzima bokuhamba
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukuzwa
• Ubunzima bokuhambisa ingalo noma umlenze
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa endaweni ethile emzimbeni
• Izinguquko zobuntu ezizumayo
• Izinkinga zememori
• Ukulala ngokweqile noma ukudinwa
• Ukuquleka

Kuthiwani uma ingane encane inalezi zimpawu?

Uma umntwana oncelisayo futhi ongakakwazi ukukhuluma enalezi zimpawu , myise esibhedlela ngokushesha :

• Umkhuhlane ophakeme noma umkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-38 (100.4 Fahrenheit) enganeni engaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala .
• Uma inhlonhlo yekhala igcwele futhi ivuvukele .
• Uma umzimba uzizwa uqinile, uma kukhona ukugoba.
• Uma ubhekene nobuthakathaka obukhulu noma ukozela .
• Uma unesifiso sokudla esinciphile noma ubisi olunciphile .
• Uma uhlanza .
• Uma uqhubeka ukhala ungayeki .

Uma ubona lezi zimpawu, ungalibali. Bonana nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuqala ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, nakuba i-encephalitis noma i-brain fever kuyisimo esibi kakhulu, ukuqaphela lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngesikhathi esifanele.

• Qaphela izimpawu: khathazeka kakhulu uma ingane yakho inezimpawu ezingavamile (njengekhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu, ukuxhuzula, intamo eqinile, noma ukushintsha kokuqaphela) kanye nomkhuhlane. Qaphela futhi izinguquko ezinganeni ezincane (njengokukhala njalo, isisu esivuvukele, noma ukulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla).
• Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha: Uma ungabaza, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Goma izingane ngendlela efanele: Ukugoma izingane ngesikhathi kungavimbela ezinye izifo ezibangela i-encephalitis.
• Landela izinyathelo zokuphepha: Zivikele komiyane kanye namakhizane. Geza izandla zakho njalo.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile nonke!

Umkhuhlane wobuchopho , i-Encephalitis, Izifo zobuntwana, Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, Izimpawu, Ukwelashwa, Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, Izimpawu zezingane, Ukuvimbela